CN114892206A - Multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof 3‑x Nanorods and growth on MoO 3‑x Fe on the surface of the nano-rod 3 N/Ni 3 N nanoparticles; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) NiMoO growth on foamed nickel by hydrothermal reaction 4 A nanorod; in NiMoO 4 Depositing iron-based oxide on the nanorods to obtain a nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material; (2) and carrying out thermal amination treatment on the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material to obtain the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array electrocatalyst. The invention is realized by the method disclosed in NiMoO 4 The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst obtained by depositing iron-based oxide on the nanorods and performing heating ammoniation treatment shows excellent OER and HER reaction activity in alkaline seawater and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalysis materials, and particularly relates to a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The severe dependence on traditional fossil fuels presents an imminent source of energy and serious environmental problems for human society. One promising strategy to solve this problem is electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen, storing electrical energy in the chemical bonds of molecular hydrogen. And the hydrogen combustion product is water, is pollution-free and clean, and is an important component of future renewable energy sources. The water decomposition, the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction can also be driven by waste heat or renewable but intermittent wind energy or solar energy power generation.
The theoretical thermodynamic decomposition voltage of water is 1.23V in either acidic or basic environments. In practice, however, a much higher voltage than the theoretical value is required, and this difference is referred to as an overpotential. Thus, both reactions require an effective electrocatalyst to reduce overpotential, which promotes the slow kinetics of Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) or Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) by reducing activation energy, making it widely used in industrial hydrogen production. The double-function electric catalyst has activity to two reactions, which simplifies the device and reduces the cost, and is more beneficial to the practical application. Fresh water widely used in laboratory electrolysis water research is a scarce resource in many parts of the world, and if electrochemical fresh water decomposition is carried out on a large scale, heavy pressure is exerted on important water resources. Seawater is one of the most abundant natural resources on the earth, accounts for 96.5 percent of the total amount of water resources in the world, and is almost an inexhaustible resource. In addition, the electrolysis of seawater is beneficial to environmental purification. Especially in arid regions, fresh drinking water can also be produced from seawater.
Therefore, it is very desirable to develop an efficient seawater electrolysis system for large-scale production of hydrogen, which is a revolutionary technology for sustainable hydrogen production and environmental remediation. However, achieving seawater splitting still has three major challenges. The first challenge is that the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) which generates chlorine at the anode is competitive with the oxygen evolution reaction due to the presence of chloride ions in seawater. And the OER, chlorine and OH in alkaline environment - The voltage required for hypochlorite generation by the reaction is about 480mV higher than the anode OER driving 500 and 1000mA/cm 2 A high current density. The second challenge is that the inherently low conductivity of seawater leads to slow HER kinetics. A third challenge is that seawater is highly corrosive, the presence of non-harmful ions, bacteria, microorganisms and small particles in seawater, and the formation of insoluble precipitates (such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide) covering the catalyst surface, all of which can poison OER and HER catalysts and destroy their long-term stability. Due to these troublesome problems, there is currently little research on bifunctional electrocatalysts for seawater cracking.
Therefore, the development of the bifunctional electrocatalyst with high performance, low cost and strong corrosion resistance for large-scale seawater cracking is of great significance. The Transition Metal Nitride (TMN) has good corrosion resistance, conductivity and mechanical strength, and is an ideal material for electrolytic seawater cracking. Nickel-based materials are the most commonly used electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolyzers. At present, metal oxides based on nickel, iron, cobalt, etc. exhibit excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution properties. While metal alloys based on nickel, iron, cobalt and the like have excellent performance on electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, for example, the addition of Mo can optimize hydrogen adsorption on the alloy surface because Ni sites in the NiMo alloy can provide abundant water dissociation centers, so that the NiMo alloy has excellent activity and stability, and is widely researched. Moreover, in recent years, studies have shown that Ni 3 The ternary alloy of N/Ni, NiMoN and Ni-Fe-Mo has high catalytic activity in alkaline fresh water cracking.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the disadvantages mentioned in the backgroundThe invention provides a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof 4 The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst obtained by depositing iron-based oxide on the nanorods and performing heating ammoniation treatment shows excellent OER and HER reaction activity in alkaline seawater and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) NiMoO growth on foamed nickel by hydrothermal reaction 4 A nanorod; in NiMoO 4 Depositing iron-based oxide on the nanorods to obtain a nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material;
(2) and carrying out thermal amination treatment on the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material to obtain the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array electrocatalyst.
In the preparation method, in the step (1), NiMoO is grown on the foamed nickel by adopting a hydrothermal reaction 4 The nanorod specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving 0.04mol/L nickel salt and 0.01mol/L molybdenum salt in water to obtain a solution; putting the solution into a high-pressure kettle, soaking foamed nickel into the solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150 ℃ for 8 hours, cooling to room temperature, taking out the foamed nickel, and drying to obtain the NiMoO 4 Foamed nickel of nanorods.
The conditions of the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material in the step (1) are as follows: dissolving iron salt in solvent H 2 O、DMF、C 2 H 5 Preparing a precursor solution from one or more of OH, wherein the concentration of ferric salt in the precursor solution is 0.02-0.2 g/mL; then the precursor solution is used for growing NiMoO 4 And (3) controllably depositing an iron-based oxide on the surface of the foamed nickel of the nanorod, and airing to obtain the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material.
In the above production method, the conditions of the thermal amination in step (2) are: heating to 300-550 ℃ by taking ammonia gas as a nitrogen source and argon gas as protective gas, and keeping the temperature for 2-6 h; and stopping introducing ammonia gas after constant-temperature burning is finished, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace under the protection of argon gas to obtain the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst.
The catalytic performance of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst can be further improved by the heating nitridation treatment under the conditions.
As a general inventive concept, the present invention provides a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst, which is prepared by the above preparation method, is grown on a nickel foam conductive substrate, and has a chemical composition expressed as Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x (x ═ 0,1) including MoO 3-x (x ═ 0,1) nanorods and growth on MoO 3-x (x ═ 0,1) Fe on nanorod surface 3 N/Ni 3 And N nano-particles. Wherein MoO 3-x (x is 0,1) represents a compound represented by MoO 2 And MoO 3 And (4) forming.
As a general inventive concept, the invention provides the application of the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst prepared by the preparation method or the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in water electrolysis hydrogen production or water electrolysis oxygen production.
Preferably, the water in the hydrogen production by water electrolysis and the oxygen production by water electrolysis comprises any one of alkaline water, alkaline seawater and neutral water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention prepares the nickel foam-based multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, mild operation conditions and easy control of the nitridation process. The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst prepared by the invention has high-efficiency alkaline water oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution catalysis functions, also has excellent oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution performances in alkaline seawater, can realize high-efficiency alkaline seawater oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution at the same time, greatly reduces the energy consumption in the alkaline seawater electrolysis process, and realizes the purpose of realizing the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution of the alkaline seawaterHigh-current and high-efficiency hydrogen production. The constructed full-solution device is at high current density of 500mA/cm 2 And 1000mA/cm 2 The operation can be carried out stably for 100 hours, which is rarely reported internationally. The invention solves the problems of high-efficiency seawater oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution and long-term stability at the same time, and has important significance for large-scale seawater hydrogen production.
2. The invention uses cheap NiMoO 4 The nano-rod is used as a precursor, and the prepared electrocatalyst Fe on the composite material 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x (x is 0,1) has a multi-stage porosity structure, can provide a large number of active sites, high-efficiency charge transfer and rapid gas product release, has strong corrosion resistance, and enables the composite electrocatalyst to have high-efficiency reaction activity.
3. The multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst only needs overpotential of 280mV and 36mV to drive 500mA/cm in an alkaline medium 2 The current density of the oxygen and hydrogen is separated, while only 311mV and 29mV overpotential is needed to provide 500mA/cm in alkaline seawater 2 The oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution of the current density have important significance for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the alkaline seawater electrolysis and popularizing the alkaline seawater cracking on a large scale.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image at different magnifications of a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst for example 1;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst region according to example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe of example 1 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x XRD pattern of (a);
FIG. 4 is a graph of current-potential polarization of the oxygen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 in an alkaline 1MKOH solution, initially and after 1000 cycles;
FIG. 5 is a graph of stability test of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in 1M KOH solution in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph of current-potential polarization of hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline 1MKOH solution for the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst of example 1, initially and after 1000 cycles;
FIG. 7 is a graph of stability test of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 undergoing an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in an alkaline 1M KOH solution;
FIG. 8 is a graph of current-potential polarization of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution;
FIG. 9 is a graph of stability test of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 in an oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution;
FIG. 10 is a graph of current-potential polarization of the hydrogen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 in an alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution;
FIG. 11 is a graph of stability test of hydrogen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 in an alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution;
FIG. 12 is a LSV graph of the total decomposition of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH solution and in 1M KOH seawater solution in example 1;
FIG. 13 is a graph of stability test of the total hydrolysis of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH solution in example 1;
FIG. 14 is a graph of stability test of total hydrolysis of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in example 1 in alkaline 1M KOH in seawater;
FIG. 15 shows a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x And NiMoN electricityA current polarization curve comparison graph of the catalyst in the alkaline 1MKOH solution for oxygen evolution reaction;
FIG. 16 shows a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x Comparing the current polarization curve with the current polarization curve of the oxygen evolution reaction of the NiMoN electrocatalyst in the alkaline 1MKOH seawater solution;
FIG. 17 shows a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x Comparing the current polarization curve with the current polarization curve of the hydrogen evolution reaction of the NiMoN electrocatalyst in the alkaline 1MKOH solution;
FIG. 18 shows a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x And the current polarization curve of the hydrogen evolution reaction of the NiMoN electrocatalyst in the alkaline 1MKOH seawater solution is compared.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst comprises the following steps:
step (1):
preparation of a growth substrate with NiMoO 4 Foam nickel of the nano-rod: mixing Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and (NH) 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 Dissolving O in water to obtain solution, and dissolving Ni (NO) in the solution 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 The concentration of O is 0.04mol/L, (NH) 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 The concentration of O is 0.01 mol/L; putting the solution into an autoclave, immersing a piece of foam nickel (4cm long by 4cm wide) into the solution, putting the autoclave in an oven, heating to 150 ℃, heating for 8h, cooling to room temperature, taking out the foam nickel, putting the foam nickel in a fume hood, and airing to obtain the NiMoO growing on the foam nickel 4 Foamed nickel of nanorods.
Step (2):
preparing the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material: a certain amount of Fe (NO) 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 Fully dissolving O in a solvent, and preparing a precursor solution by using a DMF (dimethyl formamide) solvent, wherein the concentration of the ferric salt in the precursor solution is 0.15 g/mL; then using the precursor solution to grow NiMoO in the step (1) 4 And (3) controllably depositing an iron-based oxide on the surface of the foamed nickel of the nanorod, and airing to obtain the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material.
And (3):
putting the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material obtained in the step (2) in the center of a tubular furnace temperature area for heating and ammoniating treatment, setting the central temperature of the tubular furnace to be 450 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant for 5 hours by taking ammonia gas as a nitrogen source and inert gas argon as protective gas; stopping introducing ammonia gas after constant temperature burning is finished, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace under the protection of argon gas (the flow of the argon gas can be less than 10sccm), thus obtaining the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x 。
The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst Fe obtained in the step 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x OER and HER reactions in different solution environments are carried out, and full-electrolysis water electrolysis is carried out by a complete electrolysis device.
SEM and partial TEM images of the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst, as shown in fig. 1 and 2; characterization (Fe) 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x (X ═ 0,1)) the crystal structure and X-ray diffraction pattern of the components are shown in fig. 3.
The above heterojunctionThe composite electrocatalyst with rice stick array has foamed nickel as substrate and MoO grown on the foamed nickel 3-x And (4) nanorods. As can be seen from the SEM image, Fe 3 N/Ni 3 Growth of N nanoparticles on MoO 3-x The nano-rod can show a large surface area, expose a large number of active sites, accelerate the transfer speed of electrons and contribute to improving the electro-catalyst of catalytic performance. And the TEM images can further confirm that the nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the nanorods. The electro-catalyst can be seen from Fe by XRD pattern 3 N、Ni 3 N and MoO 3-x (x is 0, 1).
Comparative example 1:
the preparation method of the NiMoN electrocatalyst comprises the following steps:
step (1):
preparation of a growth substrate with NiMoO 4 The nickel foam of (2): 0.04mol/L of Ni (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and 0.01mol/L (NH) 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 24 ·4H 2 Dissolving O in water to obtain a solution; putting the solution into an autoclave, immersing a piece of foam nickel (4cm long by 4cm wide) into the solution, putting the autoclave in an oven, heating to 150 ℃, heating for 8h, cooling to room temperature, taking out the foam nickel, putting the foam nickel in a fume hood, and airing to obtain the NiMoO growing on the foam nickel 4 The nickel foam of (1).
Step (2):
the NiMoO grown in the step (1) is 4 The foamed nickel is placed in the center of a tubular furnace temperature zone for heating ammonia treatment, ammonia gas is used as a nitrogen source, inert gas argon is used as protective gas, the central temperature of the tubular furnace is set to be 450 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 5 hours; and stopping introducing ammonia gas after constant-temperature burning is finished, and cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace under the protection of argon gas to obtain the NiMoN electrocatalyst.
And (3) performance testing:
the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst (heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst) prepared in example 1 was subjected to the following performance tests:
1. the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst is applied to electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in a 1M KOH environment.
The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance was tested mainly using the united states brand gamyreference 3000 electrochemical workstation, using a standard three-electrode system (working electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode). The results of electrochemical oxygen evolution tests with the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst as the working electrode, the Hg/HgO electrode as the reference electrode, the graphite paper as the counter electrode, and the 1M KOH solution as the electrolyte solution are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
FIG. 4 is a graph of current-potential polarization for the oxygen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH solution initially and after 1000 cycles; FIG. 5 is a graph of stability test of the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in a 1M KOH solution. It can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5 that the composite electrocatalyst has excellent oxygen evolution catalytic performance and durable stable operation, only needs 280mV overpotential to drive 500 current density, and 50mA/cm 2 And 500mA/cm 2 Durable operation is maintained at the current density for about 60 hours.
2. The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst is applied to an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in a 1M KOH environment.
The electrochemical hydrogen evolution performance was tested mainly using a standard three-electrode system using a U.S. brand GAMRYReference 3000 electrochemical workstation, in which a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst was used as the working electrode, a Hg/HgO electrode was used as the reference electrode, graphite paper was used as the counter electrode, and the electrolyte was mainly 1M KOH solution. The results of the electrochemical hydrogen evolution test are shown in fig. 6 and 7.
FIG. 6 is a graph of current-potential polarization for hydrogen evolution reaction of heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH solution initially and after 1000 cycles. FIG. 7 is a graph of stability test of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction of the composite electrocatalyst in an alkaline 1M KOH solution. FIGS. 6 and 7 show that the catalyst has excellent hydrogen evolution catalytic performance and durable stable operation, only requires 36mV overpotential to drive 500 current density, and is at-50 mA/cm 2 And-500 mA/cm 2 Durable operation is maintained at the current density for about 60 hours.
3. The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst is applied to an electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in a 1M KOH seawater (1M KOH seawater) environment.
The electrochemical oxygen evolution performance was tested mainly using a standard three-electrode system using a united states brand gamyreference 3000 electrochemical workstation, in which the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst was the working electrode, the Hg/HgO electrode was the reference electrode, the graphite paper was the counter electrode, and the electrolyte was mainly 1M KOH seawater solution. The electrochemical test results of oxygen evolution are shown in fig. 8 and 9.
FIG. 8 is a current-potential polarization curve diagram of the oxygen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in an alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution. FIG. 9 is a graph of stability test of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in an alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution for oxygen evolution reaction. It can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9 that the composite electrocatalyst has excellent oxygen evolution catalytic performance and durable stable operation, only requires 311mV overpotential to drive 500 current density, and is at 300mA/cm 2 And 500mA/cm 2 Durable operation was maintained at current density for about 40 hours.
4. The preparation of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst and the application of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst to the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in a 1M KOH seawater environment.
The electrochemical hydrogen evolution performance was tested mainly using a standard three-electrode system using a united states brand gamyreference 3000 electrochemical workstation, in which the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst was the working electrode, the Hg/HgO electrode was the reference electrode, the graphite paper was the counter electrode, and the electrolyte was mainly 1M KOH seawater solution. The results of the electrochemical test for hydrogen evolution are shown in fig. 10 and 11.
FIG. 10 is a current-potential polarization curve diagram of the hydrogen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in an alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution. FIG. 11 is a graph of stability test of the hydrogen evolution reaction of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in an alkaline 1M KOH seawater solution. FIGS. 10, 11 show that the catalyst has excellent hydrogen evolution catalytic performance and durable stable operation, requires only 29mV overpotential to drive 500 current density, and is at-300 mA/cm 2 And-500 mA/cm 2 Durable operation was maintained at current density for about 40 hours.
5. The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst is applied to the full decomposition reaction of 1M KOH and 1M KOH in a seawater environment.
The electrochemical hydrogen evolution performance is mainly tested by using a standard two-electrode system by using a GAMRYReference 3000 electrochemical workstation of an American brand, wherein a heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst is used as an anode working electrode and a cathode working electrode, and electrolyte mainly comprises 1M KOH solution and 1M KOH seawater solution. The test results of the full solution are shown in fig. 12, 13 and 14.
FIG. 12 is a LSV graph of the total decomposition of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH solution and in 1M KOH in seawater solution. FIG. 13 is a graph of stability test of the total hydrolysis of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH solution. FIG. 14 is a graph of stability test of the total hydrolysis of the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst in alkaline 1M KOH in seawater.
As can be seen from FIGS. 13-14, when the catalyst is used as an anode and a cathode to construct a two-electrode full-resolution device, only 1.577V and 1.617V are required to drive a large current density of 500mA/cm in a 1M KOH solution respectively 2 And 1000mA/cm 2 Only 1.599V and 1.658V are needed to drive the large current density of 500mA/cm in 1M KOH seawater solution 2 And 1000mA/cm 2 The seawater decomposition is better than the full-solution device reported internationally at present.
6. The heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst and the NiMoN electrocatalyst which is obtained by processing Fe ions not introduced in the comparative example 1 under the same conditions are subjected to oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions in a 1M KOH solution and a 1M KOH seawater solution.
The electrocatalytic performance was tested mainly using the united states brand gamyreference 3000 electrochemical workstation, using a standard three-electrode system (working, counter, reference). Wherein the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst and the NiMoN electrocatalyst are used as working electrodes, the Hg/HgO electrode is used as a reference electrode, the graphite paper is used as a counter electrode, 1M KOH and 1M KOH seawater solution are used as electrolyte solutions, and electrochemistry is carried outThe results of the tests are shown in fig. 15, 16, 17 and 18, wherein in fig. 15, 16 and 17 and 18, the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst corresponds to Fe 3 N/Ni 3 N/MoO 3-x NiMoN corresponds to a NiMoN electrocatalyst. From the figure, it can be seen that the activity of the catalyst can be significantly improved by introducing the heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst with Fe ions into an alkaline 1M KOH solution and a 1M KOH seawater solution.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) NiMoO growth on foamed nickel by hydrothermal reaction 4 A nanorod; in NiMoO 4 Depositing iron-based oxide on the nano-rods to obtain a nickel-molybdenum iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material;
(2) and carrying out thermal amination treatment on the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material to obtain the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array electrocatalyst.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), NiMoO is grown on the nickel foam by hydrothermal reaction 4 The nanorod specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving nickel salt and molybdenum salt in water to obtain solution; putting the solution into a high-pressure kettle, soaking foam nickel into the solution, performing hydrothermal reaction, cooling to room temperature, taking out the foam nickel, and drying to obtain the NiMoO grown 4 Foamed nickel of nanorods.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the nickel salt in the solution is 0.04mol/L, and the concentration of the molybdenum salt is 0.01 mol/L; the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 4-10 h.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein step (1) comprises the steps of: dissolving iron salt in solvent to obtain precursorA bulk solution; then using precursor solution to grow NiMoO 4 The iron-based oxide is controllably deposited on the surface of the foamed nickel of the nanorod, and then the nanorod is dried to obtain the nickel-molybdenum-iron oxide precursor/foamed nickel composite material.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solvent is H 2 O、DMF、C 2 H 5 One or more of OH; the concentration of the ferric salt in the precursor solution is 0.02-0.2 g/mL.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the thermal amination is performed under the following conditions: heating to 300-550 ℃ by taking ammonia gas as a nitrogen source and argon gas as protective gas, and keeping the temperature for 2-6 h; and stopping introducing ammonia gas after constant-temperature burning is finished, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace under the protection of argon gas to obtain the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst.
7. A multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, grown on a foamed nickel conductive substrate, comprising MoO 3-x (x ═ 0,1) nanorods and growth on MoO 3-x (x ═ 0,1) Fe on nanorod surface 3 N/Ni 3 And N nano-particles.
8. The application of the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-6 or the multi-metal nitride heterojunction nanorod array composite electrocatalyst of claim 7 in water electrolysis hydrogen production or water electrolysis oxygen production.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein the water in the water electrolysis hydrogen production and the water electrolysis oxygen production comprises any one of alkaline water, alkaline seawater and neutral water.
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