CN110873898B - Filtering method and device for seismic data - Google Patents

Filtering method and device for seismic data Download PDF

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CN110873898B
CN110873898B CN201811003642.1A CN201811003642A CN110873898B CN 110873898 B CN110873898 B CN 110873898B CN 201811003642 A CN201811003642 A CN 201811003642A CN 110873898 B CN110873898 B CN 110873898B
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seismic
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seismic data
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CN110873898A (en
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陈刚
齐洪岩
姚茂敏
张吉辉
韩宝
卢红刚
赵春雪
赵俊
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Petrochina Co Ltd
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    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for filtering seismic data. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring target seismic data, wherein the target seismic data are seismic data needing filtering; determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; constructing a seismic channel target filtering mode according to the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneously filtering the seismic channel transversely and the seismic channel longitudinally; and filtering the target seismic data by using a target filtering mode. The method solves the technical problem of lower reliability of the seismic data caused by a single filtering mode of the seismic data in the related technology.

Description

Filtering method and device for seismic data
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a method and a device for filtering seismic data.
Background
Seismic data acquired in the field mostly show low resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio, so a series of processing such as filtering and deconvolution needs to be performed on the acquired seismic data. However, seismic techniques such as deconvolution and frequency broadening tend to cause a decrease in the lateral continuity and signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. At present, kalman filtering is a good choice to improve the lateral continuity and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data. However, in the prior art, Kalman filtering is generally performed in the transverse direction of seismic data; or kalman filtering in the longitudinal direction of the seismic data. However, both of the above approaches have drawbacks in improving the lateral continuity and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.
The Kalman filtering is carried out in the transverse direction of the seismic data, the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data are improved to a certain extent, and when the filtering iteration times are increased, the effect of improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is further improved. But the lateral continuity of the in-phase axis and the signal-to-noise ratio still remain to be improved. In addition, the Kalman filtering method is carried out in the longitudinal direction of the seismic data, so that the improvement effect on the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data is poor.
Aiming at the problem that the reliability of the seismic data is lower due to the fact that the filtering mode of the seismic data is single in the related technology, an effective solution is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a seismic data filtering method and device, which at least solve the technical problem of lower reliability of seismic data caused by a single seismic data filtering mode in the related technology.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for filtering seismic data, including: acquiring target seismic data, wherein the target seismic data are seismic data needing filtering; determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; constructing a seismic trace target filtering mode according to the seismic trace transverse filtering mode and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneous filtering in the seismic trace transverse direction and the seismic trace longitudinal direction; filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode.
Optionally, acquiring the target seismic data comprises: collecting original seismic data; and acquiring target seismic data from the original seismic data by using a seismic imaging mode.
Optionally, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode according to a kalman filtering manner includes: constructing a state conversion equation of the seismic channel, wherein the state conversion equation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003227503910000022
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace, AkA state-transformation matrix is represented that,
Figure GDA0003227503910000023
a measurement representing the k-1 st trace of a seismic trace,
Figure GDA0003227503910000024
measurements, W, representing the k +1 th trace of a seismic tracekRepresenting a state transition error, k being a positive integer greater than 1; determining a survey equation of the seismic traces, wherein the survey equation is:
Figure GDA0003227503910000025
Figure GDA0003227503910000026
measurements, X, representing the kth trace of a seismic tracekTrue value, V, of the k-th trace representing a seismic tracekIndicating a measurement error.
Optionally, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode according to a kalman filtering manner further includes: determining k channel standard deviation P of seismic channelk(ii) a The k-th to standard deviation P is calculated by the first formulakUpdating, wherein the first formula is:
Figure GDA0003227503910000027
Akrepresenting a state transformation matrix, PkAnd Pk-1Respectively representing the standard deviation of the k-th and k-1-th seismic traces,
Figure GDA0003227503910000028
representing a state transition matrix AkReplacement of (A) with (B), RkIs denoted as PkThe standard deviation of error in the updating process.
Optionally, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode according to a kalman filtering manner further includes:optimizing the seismic traces by a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000029
Figure GDA00032275039100000210
seismic trace, Kg, representing the k-th trace after optimizationkIn order to represent the kalman gain, the method,
Figure GDA00032275039100000211
a measurement representing the kth trace of the seismic trace,
Figure GDA00032275039100000212
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace.
Optionally, filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode comprises: filtering the target seismic data by adopting a preset mode according to the target filtering mode, wherein the preset mode is as follows: and after filtering the target seismic data for a first preset time by adopting a seismic channel transverse filtering mode, filtering the target seismic data for a second preset time by adopting a seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode.
Optionally, according to a kalman filtering manner, after filtering the target seismic data by using the target filtering mode, the seismic data filtering method further includes: acquiring logging data and geological information; and verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the logging data and the geological information.
Optionally, validating the filtered target seismic data as a function of the well log data and the geological information comprises at least one of: verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the first wave group relation of the filtered target seismic data and the second wave group relation of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data; and verifying the two pairs of filtered target seismic data according to the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the filtered target seismic data.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a seismic data filtering apparatus including: the device comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit and a third acquisition unit, wherein the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring target seismic data, and the target seismic data is seismic data needing filtering; the determining unit is used for determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; the construction unit is used for constructing a seismic trace target filtering mode according to the seismic trace transverse filtering mode and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneous filtering in the seismic trace transverse direction and the seismic trace longitudinal direction; and the filtering unit is used for filtering the target seismic data by utilizing the target filtering mode.
Optionally, the obtaining unit includes: the acquisition module is used for acquiring original seismic data; and the acquisition module is used for acquiring target seismic data from the original seismic data by using a seismic imaging mode.
Optionally, the determining unit includes: the building module is used for building a state conversion equation of the seismic channel, wherein the state conversion equation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003227503910000032
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace, AkA state-transformation matrix is represented that,
Figure GDA0003227503910000033
a measurement representing the k-1 st trace of a seismic trace,
Figure GDA0003227503910000034
measurements, W, representing the k +1 th trace of a seismic tracekRepresenting a state transition error, k being a positive integer greater than 1; a first determination module, configured to determine a survey equation for a seismic trace, where the survey equation is:
Figure GDA0003227503910000035
Figure GDA0003227503910000036
measurements, X, representing the kth trace of a seismic tracekTrue value, V, of the k-th trace representing a seismic tracekIndicating a measurement error.
Optionally, the determining unit further includes: a second determination module for determining a kth channel standard deviation P of the seismic channelk(ii) a An updating module for comparing the k-th to the standard deviation P by a first formulakUpdating, wherein the first formula is:
Figure GDA0003227503910000037
Akrepresenting a state transformation matrix, PkAnd Pk-1Respectively representing the standard deviation of the k-th and k-1-th seismic traces,
Figure GDA0003227503910000038
representing a state transition matrix AkReplacement of (A) with (B), RkIs denoted as PkThe standard deviation of error in the updating process.
Optionally, the determining unit further includes: the optimization module is used for optimizing the seismic traces through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000039
Figure GDA00032275039100000310
seismic trace, Kg, representing the k-th trace after optimizationkIn order to represent the kalman gain, the method,
Figure GDA00032275039100000311
a measurement representing the kth trace of the seismic trace,
Figure GDA00032275039100000312
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace.
Optionally, the filtering unit includes: a filtering module, configured to filter the target seismic data in a predetermined manner according to the target filtering mode, where the predetermined manner is: and after filtering the target seismic data for a first preset time by adopting a seismic channel transverse filtering mode, filtering the target seismic data for a second preset time by adopting a seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode.
Optionally, the filtering apparatus for seismic data further includes: the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring logging data and geological information after filtering the target seismic data by using the target filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; and the verification unit is used for verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the logging data and the geological information.
Optionally, the verification unit comprises at least one of: the first verification module is used for verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the first wave group relation of the filtered target seismic data and the second wave group relation of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data; and the second verification module is used for verifying the two pairs of filtered target seismic data according to the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the filtered target seismic data.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program performs the method of filtering seismic data described in any one of the above.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor for executing a program, wherein the program is executed to execute the method for filtering seismic data according to any one of the above.
In the embodiment of the invention, target seismic data can be obtained, wherein the target seismic data is seismic data needing filtering; determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; constructing a seismic channel target filtering mode according to the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneously filtering the seismic channel transversely and the seismic channel longitudinally; the target seismic data are filtered by using the target filtering mode, and the purpose of establishing a transverse and longitudinal simultaneous filtering mode on the seismic data based on the Kalman filtering principle can be realized by the seismic data filtering method provided by the embodiment of the invention, so that the technical effects of effectively improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data are achieved, and the technical problem of lower reliability of the seismic data caused by the single filtering mode on the seismic data in the related technology is solved.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of filtering seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an alternative method of filtering seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a method of filtering seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a schematic illustration of the results of model synthesized seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a diagram illustrating the result of Gaussian random noise according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the results of 100 transversal filters according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the results of the transverse filtering 100 times and 200 times according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the results of the vertical filtering 25 times according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the results of the vertical filtering 50 times according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a schematic diagram of the results of 50 simultaneous horizontal and vertical filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the results of 100 simultaneous horizontal and vertical filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8(a) is a schematic diagram of a 2-dimensional cross-section of actual data before filtering according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8(b) is a schematic diagram of a 2-dimensional cross-section of filtered actual data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9(a) is a diagram illustrating a spectrum of actual data before filtering according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9(b) is a schematic diagram of a spectrum of a filtered actual data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(a) is a schematic illustration of coherence properties of filtered front extraction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(b) is a schematic illustration of the coherence properties extracted after filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a seismic data filtering apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
For convenience of description, some nouns or terms appearing in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.
Kalman filtering: the method is an algorithm for performing optimal estimation on the system state by using a linear system state equation and inputting and outputting observation data through a system, and the optimal estimation can also be regarded as a filtering process because the observation data comprises the influence of noise and interference in the system.
Seismic channel: the device is characterized in that in order to record the seismic reflection wave or the refraction wave propagated to the seismic measuring points, the reflection wave or the refraction wave propagated to each measuring point must pass through a set of independent devices with the same performance.
Logging: also known as geophysical logging, is a way of measuring geophysical parameters using the geophysical properties of the formation, such as electrochemical properties, electrical conductivity, acoustic properties, radioactivity, etc.
For seismic data acquired in the field to show low resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio, a series of processing needs to be performed on the acquired seismic data, such as filtering and deconvolution. However, seismic techniques such as deconvolution and frequency broadening often cause a reduction in the lateral continuity and signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. The Kalman filtering principle is an adaptive deconvolution method based on time-varying wavelets estimated by Kalman filtering on the basis of a deconvolution method of seismic data, and the method effectively improves the resolution, the signal-to-noise ratio and the continuity of a homophase axis of the seismic data. Namely, Kalman filtering has great potential in improving the seismic signal-to-noise ratio and the continuity of the seismic event.
The Kalman filtering is an optimized autoregressive data processing algorithm, the minimum mean square error is used as an estimation criterion, the state transition is adopted to reflect the internal law of system change, and the original purpose of the system is estimated from a polluted system by recursion in the order of prediction, measurement and correction. The Kalman filtering algorithm principle shows that the method has great advantages in effective signal recovery. Therefore, the invention establishes a transverse and longitudinal simultaneous filtering method on the seismic data based on the Kalman filtering principle, and the filtering method can effectively improve the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data. Meanwhile, the filtering efficiency and effect of the method are far superior to those of a one-way Kalman filtering mode. The following examples will explain the method for filtering seismic data according to the present invention in detail.
Example 1
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method embodiment of a method of filtering seismic data, it being noted that the steps illustrated in the flowchart of the figure may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that while a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of filtering seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method of filtering seismic data comprising the steps of:
step S102, target seismic data are obtained, wherein the target seismic data are seismic data needing filtering.
And step S104, determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode.
And S106, constructing a seismic channel target filtering mode according to the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneously filtering the seismic channel transversely and the seismic channel longitudinally.
And S108, filtering the target seismic data by using a target filtering mode.
In this embodiment, a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode may be determined according to a kalman filtering manner, and the seismic data may be filtered by combining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode. Compared with the prior art, when the seismic data are filtered, the transverse Kalman filtering of the seismic data is generally adopted, or the longitudinal Kalman filtering of the seismic data is adopted, but the transverse Kalman filtering mode or the longitudinal Kalman filtering mode is only adopted to filter the seismic data, so that the defects in improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data are overcome in the aspects of effect and efficiency. The filtering method of the seismic data provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the purpose of establishing a mode of simultaneously filtering transversely and longitudinally on the seismic data based on the Kalman filtering principle, thereby achieving the technical effects of effectively improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and further solving the technical problem of lower reliability of the seismic data caused by the single mode of filtering the seismic data in the related technology.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, acquiring target seismic data may include: collecting original seismic data; and acquiring target seismic data from the original seismic data by using a seismic imaging mode. That is, seismic data (target seismic data) is obtained by a seismic imaging method based on seismic data (raw seismic data) acquired in the field, where the seismic data is a prestack gather or a poststack profile.
In step S104, according to the kalman filtering method, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode may include: constructing a state conversion equation of the seismic channel, wherein the state conversion equation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000071
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003227503910000072
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace, AkA state-transformation matrix is represented that,
Figure GDA0003227503910000073
a measurement representing the k-1 st trace of a seismic trace,
Figure GDA0003227503910000074
measurements, W, representing the k +1 th trace of a seismic tracekRepresenting a state transition error, k being a positive integer greater than 1; determining a survey equation of the seismic trace, wherein the survey equation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000075
Figure GDA0003227503910000076
measurements, X, representing the kth trace of a seismic tracekTrue value, V, of the k-th trace representing a seismic tracekIndicating a measurement error.
Optionally, according to the kalman filtering manner, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode may further include: determining k channel standard deviation P of seismic channelk(ii) a The k-th to standard deviation P is calculated by the first formulakUpdating, wherein the first formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000077
Akrepresenting a state transformation matrix, PkAnd Pk-1Respectively representing the standard deviation of the k-th and k-1-th seismic traces,
Figure GDA0003227503910000078
representing a state transition matrix AkReplacement of (A) with (B), RkIs denoted as PkThe standard deviation of error in the updating process.
Preferably, the seismic traces are optimized based on the predicted results of known seismic trace states and the seismic trace measurements. Specifically, according to the kalman filtering manner, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode may further include: and optimizing the seismic traces through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000079
Figure GDA00032275039100000710
seismic trace, Kg, representing the k-th trace after optimizationkIn order to represent the kalman gain, the method,
Figure GDA00032275039100000711
a measurement representing the kth trace of the seismic trace,
Figure GDA00032275039100000712
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace.
Wherein the kalman gain may be calculated by the following equation:
Figure GDA00032275039100000713
Qkis the standard deviation in the course of the series.
Further, in order to be aligned with XK+1Performing optimal estimation to obtain updated PkThe following were used: p is a radical ofk＝pk(1-Kgk) Wherein the process is XkStandard deviation of trace PkThe self-verification process of (1).
Establishing the above filtering mode based on Kalman filtering principle0，RkAnd QkThen the seismic data can be transversely filtered. Here, P0Taking the standard deviation of the first pass from which filtering is initiated, the difference between adjacent seismic arrivals for the sedimentary rock floor can be approximated as a stationary random white Gaussian noise, thus RkAnd QkRespectively obtained by the following formulas:
Figure GDA0003227503910000081
Qk＝Ak(std(Xk-Xk-1)+std(Xk+1-Xk) Wherein std represents taking the standard deviation.
After the seismic trace transverse filtering mode is established based on the Kalman filtering principle, a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode also needs to be established. The above-mentioned establishing of the seismic channel transverse filtering mode is to optimize the seismic channels by using the similarity relationship between the seismic channels, that is, filtering the seismic data transversely. Then the seismic data longitudinal filtering mode can be established in the same mode, namely the parameter k in the seismic data transverse filtering mode is established to be t, namely the seismic data longitudinal filtering mode is established by utilizing the similarity of the seismic data at adjacent time for filtering.
After the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode are established, the seismic channel data transverse and longitudinal simultaneous filtering mode can be established by combining the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, and the specific method comprises the following steps: and the construction of the seismic data transverse filtering mode is finished for 1 time and is called as seismic data transverse filtering for 1 time, the construction of the seismic data longitudinal filtering mode is finished for 1 time and is called as finishing the seismic data longitudinal filtering for 1 time, then transverse filtering is finished and then longitudinal filtering is finished, transverse filtering and then longitudinal filtering are returned again, and thus the seismic data transverse and longitudinal simultaneous filtering mode is repeatedly established.
Filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode may include: filtering the target seismic data by adopting a preset mode according to a target filtering mode, wherein the preset mode is as follows: and after filtering the target seismic data for a first preset time by adopting a seismic channel transverse filtering mode, filtering the target seismic data for a second preset time by adopting a seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode. That is, the seismic data filtering method provided in the embodiment of the present invention does not simply perform horizontal filtering or simple longitudinal filtering on the acquired target seismic data, but combines a seismic trace horizontal filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode, and filters the acquired target seismic data for a first predetermined number of times by using the seismic trace horizontal filtering mode, and then filters the target seismic data by using the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode; then, after filtering the acquired target seismic data for a first preset number of times by using a seismic channel transverse filtering mode, filtering the target seismic data by using a seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, and performing cyclic filtering according to the mode, wherein the cyclic number can be determined according to the accuracy of the target seismic data, the first preset number is preferably 4, and the second preset number is preferably 1.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after filtering the target seismic data by using the target filtering mode according to the kalman filtering method, the method for filtering the seismic data may further include: acquiring logging data and geological information; and verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the logging data and the geological information.
Wherein validating the filtered target seismic data based on the log data and the geological information may include at least one of: verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the first wave group relation of the filtered target seismic data and the second wave group relation of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data; and verifying the two pairs of filtered target seismic data according to the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the filtered target seismic data. For example, to determine the reliability of the filtered target seismic data, the number of in-phase axes and the magnitude of the amplitude corresponding to the in-phase axes corresponding to the filtered target seismic data may be compared to the magnitude of the in-phase axes and the amplitude corresponding to the in-phase axes corresponding to the seismic data synthesized from the log data to determine the reliability of the filtered target seismic data. In addition, the filtered target seismic data may also be verified according to the inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the inclination angle of the in-phase axis of the filtered target seismic data. That is, the reliability of the filtered seismic data is determined using the well log data and known geological information (e.g., the strike of the geological formation). And the seismic data is used for construction and explanation, and the specific method is as follows:
the number, the tendency and other attributes of the in-phase axes of the filtered seismic data can be checked for changes through the known geological information; and forming a synthetic record through sound wave data in the logging data, and comparing the synthetic record with the well-side seismic channels before and after filtering to verify the reliability of filtering.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an alternative method of filtering seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 2, first preparing seismic data for which signal-to-noise ratio and continuity need to be improved; then, establishing a seismic trace transverse filtering mode based on a Kalman filtering principle; meanwhile, based on the Kalman filtering principle, a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode is established; and then establishing a horizontal and vertical simultaneous filtering mode of the seismic data based on a Kalman filtering principle. And filtering the seismic data by using the established transverse and longitudinal simultaneous filtering mode of the seismic data. In addition, the reliability of the filtered seismic data is determined by using the logging data and the known geological information, and the seismic data is used for structural interpretation.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a method for filtering seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the Kalman filtering-based seismic data simultaneous horizontal and vertical filtering method is tested by a marmousi2 partial model FIG. 2. FIG. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the results of model-synthesized seismic data according to an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the results of Gaussian-added random noise according to an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the results of 100 times of transverse filtering according to an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the results of 100 times and 200 times of transverse filtering according to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 5(a), there is some improvement in the transverse continuity and signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data when the seismic data is filtered transversely Kalman; however, as shown in fig. 5(b), when the number of filtering iterations increases, the effect of improving the lateral continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data becomes further better, but the lateral continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the in-phase axis still remain to be improved. Fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the result of longitudinal filtering 25 times according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the result of longitudinal filtering 50 times according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6(a) and 6(b), the effect of the event axis recovery of the seismic section is general. Fig. 7(a) is a schematic diagram of the results of filtering 50 times simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical directions according to the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the results of filtering 100 times simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical directions according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7(a) and fig. 7(b), the horizontal continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic section are significantly improved, and the effective signal is better recovered. FIG. 8(a) is a schematic diagram of a 2-dimensional cross section of real data before filtering according to an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 8(b) is a schematic diagram of a 2-dimensional cross section of real data after filtering according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 9(a) is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum of actual data before filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9(b) is a schematic diagram of a frequency spectrum of actual data after filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from fig. 8 and 9 that the frequency spectrum is changed little by filtering, only the noise part of high frequency is filtered, and the original effective signal is kept better. Fig. 10(a) is a schematic diagram of coherence properties extracted before filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 10(b) is a schematic diagram of coherence properties extracted after filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10(b), the coherence properties after filtering interfere less with information, and information showing fragmentation is clear.
Compared with the method for filtering seismic data in the related art, the method for filtering seismic data provided by the embodiment of the invention can fully utilize the Kalman filtering principle to recover effective seismic signals, can obtain a flow formula of transverse filtering of the seismic data and a flow formula of longitudinal filtering of the seismic data, and establishes a mode for filtering the seismic data transversely and longitudinally simultaneously by combining the flow formulas of filtering in two directions, thereby finally realizing high efficiency, effectively improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and providing a reliable data basis for the subsequent construction and interpretation of the seismic data.
Example 2
According to the embodiment of the invention, a seismic data filtering device is further provided, and it should be noted that the seismic data filtering device of the embodiment of the invention can be used for executing the seismic data filtering method provided by the embodiment of the invention. The following describes a seismic data filtering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a filtering apparatus for seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11, the filtering apparatus for seismic data including: a first acquisition unit 1101, a determination unit 1103, a construction unit 1105, and a filtering unit 1107. The seismic data filtering apparatus will be described in detail below.
The first acquiring unit 1101 is configured to acquire target seismic data, where the target seismic data is seismic data that needs to be filtered.
The determining unit 1103 is configured to determine a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a kalman filtering manner.
A constructing unit 1105, configured to construct a seismic trace target filtering mode according to the seismic trace horizontal filtering mode and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode, where the target filtering mode is a mode in which the seismic trace horizontal filtering and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering are performed simultaneously.
And a filtering unit 1107 for filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode.
In this embodiment, target seismic data may be acquired by using the first acquisition unit, where the target seismic data is seismic data that needs to be filtered; then, determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode by using a determining unit according to a Kalman filtering mode; constructing a seismic channel target filtering mode by adopting a construction unit according to the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneously filtering the seismic channel transversely and the seismic channel longitudinally; and filtering the target seismic data according to the filtering unit by using a target filtering mode. Compared with the prior art, when the seismic data are filtered, the transverse Kalman filtering of the seismic data is generally adopted, or the longitudinal Kalman filtering of the seismic data is adopted, but the transverse Kalman filtering mode or the longitudinal Kalman filtering mode is only adopted to filter the seismic data, so that the defects in improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data are overcome in the aspects of effect and efficiency. The filtering method of the seismic data provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the purpose of establishing a mode of simultaneously filtering transversely and longitudinally on the seismic data based on the Kalman filtering principle, thereby achieving the technical effects of effectively improving the transverse continuity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data and further solving the technical problem of lower reliability of the seismic data caused by the single mode of filtering the seismic data in the related technology.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the obtaining unit may include: the acquisition module is used for acquiring original seismic data; and the acquisition module is used for acquiring target seismic data from the original seismic data by using a seismic imaging mode.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the determining unit may include: building blockAnd the state conversion equation is used for constructing the seismic trace, wherein the state conversion equation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000111
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure GDA0003227503910000112
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace, AkA state-transformation matrix is represented that,
Figure GDA0003227503910000113
a measurement representing the k-1 st trace of a seismic trace,
Figure GDA0003227503910000114
measurements, W, representing the k +1 th trace of a seismic tracekRepresenting a state transition error, k being a positive integer greater than 1; the first determination module is used for determining a measurement equation of the seismic channel, wherein the measurement equation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000115
Figure GDA0003227503910000116
measurements, X, representing the kth trace of a seismic tracekTrue value, V, of the k-th trace representing a seismic tracekIndicating a measurement error.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the determining unit may further include: a second determination module for determining a kth channel standard deviation P of the seismic channelk(ii) a An updating module for comparing the k-th to the standard deviation P by a first formulakUpdating, wherein the first formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000117
Akrepresenting a state transformation matrix, PkAnd Pk-1Respectively representing the standard deviation of the k-th and k-1-th seismic traces,
Figure GDA0003227503910000118
representing a state transition matrix AkReplacement of (A) with (B), RkIs denoted as PkThe standard deviation of error in the updating process.
As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the determining unit may further include: and the optimization module is used for optimizing the seismic channel through a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003227503910000119
Figure GDA00032275039100001110
seismic trace, Kg, representing the k-th trace after optimizationkIn order to represent the kalman gain, the method,
Figure GDA00032275039100001111
a measurement representing the kth trace of the seismic trace,
Figure GDA0003227503910000121
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the filtering unit may include: the filtering module is used for filtering the target seismic data in a preset mode according to the target filtering mode, wherein the preset mode is as follows: and after filtering the target seismic data for a first preset time by adopting a seismic channel transverse filtering mode, filtering the target seismic data for a second preset time by adopting a seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the seismic data filtering apparatus may further include: the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring logging data and geological information after filtering the target seismic data by using a target filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; and the verification unit is used for verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the logging data and the geological information.
As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the verification unit may include at least one of: the first verification module is used for verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the first wave group relation of the filtered target seismic data and the second wave group relation of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data; and the second verification module is used for verifying the two pairs of filtered target seismic data according to the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the filtered target seismic data.
The seismic data filtering device comprises a processor and a memory, the first acquisition unit 1101, the determination unit 1103, the construction unit 1105, the filtering unit 1107 and the like are stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the program units stored in the memory to realize corresponding functions.
The processor comprises a kernel, and the kernel calls a corresponding program unit from the memory. The kernel can be set to be one or more, and the target seismic data is filtered by adjusting the kernel parameters and utilizing the target filtering mode.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM), and the memory includes at least one memory chip.
According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, wherein the program performs the method of filtering seismic data of any one of the above.
According to a further aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a processor for executing a program, wherein the program when executed performs the method of filtering seismic data as described in any one of the above.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus, which includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the following steps are implemented: acquiring target seismic data, wherein the target seismic data are seismic data needing filtering; determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; constructing a seismic channel target filtering mode according to the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneously filtering the seismic channel transversely and the seismic channel longitudinally; and filtering the target seismic data by using a target filtering mode.
There is also provided in an embodiment of the invention a computer program product adapted to perform a program for initializing the following method steps when executed on a data processing device: acquiring target seismic data, wherein the target seismic data are seismic data needing filtering; determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; constructing a seismic channel target filtering mode according to the seismic channel transverse filtering mode and the seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneously filtering the seismic channel transversely and the seismic channel longitudinally; and filtering the target seismic data by using a target filtering mode.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method of filtering seismic data, comprising:
acquiring target seismic data, wherein the target seismic data are seismic data needing filtering;
determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode;
constructing a seismic trace target filtering mode according to the seismic trace transverse filtering mode and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneous filtering in the seismic trace transverse direction and the seismic trace longitudinal direction;
filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode;
wherein filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode comprises: after filtering the target seismic data for a first preset number of times by adopting a seismic channel transverse filtering mode, filtering the target seismic data for a second preset number of times by adopting a seismic channel longitudinal filtering mode;
wherein, according to the Kalman filtering mode, determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode comprises:
constructing a state conversion equation of the seismic channel, wherein the state conversion equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003234403910000011
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003234403910000012
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace, AkA state-transformation matrix is represented that,
Figure FDA0003234403910000013
a measurement representing the k-1 st trace of a seismic trace,
Figure FDA0003234403910000014
measurements, W, representing the k +1 th trace of a seismic tracekRepresenting a state transition error, k being a positive integer greater than 1;
determining a survey equation of the seismic traces, wherein the survey equation is:
Figure FDA0003234403910000015
Figure FDA0003234403910000016
measurements, X, representing the kth trace of a seismic tracekTrue value, V, of the k-th trace representing a seismic tracekIndicating a measurement error;
wherein, according to a kalman filtering manner, after filtering the target seismic data by using the target filtering mode, the method further includes: acquiring logging data and geological information; verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the logging data and the geological information;
wherein validating the filtered target seismic data based on the well log data and the geological information comprises: verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the first wave group relation of the filtered target seismic data and the second wave group relation of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data; verifying the two pairs of filtered target seismic data according to the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the filtered target seismic data, and comparing and verifying the number of the in-phase axes corresponding to the filtered target seismic data and the amplitude corresponding to the in-phase axes with the number of the in-phase axes of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data and the amplitude corresponding to the in-phase axes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring target seismic data comprises:
collecting original seismic data;
and acquiring target seismic data from the original seismic data by using a seismic imaging mode.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode according to a kalman filtering approach further comprises:
determining k channel standard deviation P of seismic channelk；
The k-th to standard deviation P is calculated by the first formulakUpdating, wherein the first formula is:
Figure FDA0003234403910000021
Akrepresenting a state transformation matrix, PkAnd Pk-1Respectively representing the standard deviation of the k-th and k-1-th seismic traces,
Figure FDA0003234403910000022
representing a state transition matrix AkReplacement of (A) with (B), RkIs denoted as PkThe standard deviation of error in the updating process.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the seismic trace transverse filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering approach further comprises:
optimizing the seismic traces by a second formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003234403910000023
Figure FDA0003234403910000024
Figure FDA0003234403910000025
seismic trace, Kg, representing the k-th trace after optimizationkIn order to represent the kalman gain, the method,
Figure FDA0003234403910000026
a measurement representing the kth trace of the seismic trace,
Figure FDA0003234403910000027
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace.
5. An apparatus for filtering seismic data, comprising:
the device comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit and a third acquisition unit, wherein the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring target seismic data, and the target seismic data is seismic data needing filtering;
the determining unit is used for determining a seismic trace transverse filtering mode and a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode;
the construction unit is used for constructing a seismic trace target filtering mode according to the seismic trace transverse filtering mode and the seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode, wherein the target filtering mode is a mode of simultaneous filtering in the seismic trace transverse direction and the seismic trace longitudinal direction;
a filtering unit for filtering the target seismic data using the target filtering mode;
the filtering unit is further configured to filter the target seismic data for a second predetermined number of times by using a seismic trace longitudinal filtering mode after filtering the target seismic data for the first predetermined number of times by using a seismic trace transverse filtering mode;
wherein the determination unit includes: the building module is used for building a state conversion equation of the seismic channel, wherein the state conversion equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003234403910000031
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003234403910000032
representing the state of the kth trace of the seismic trace, AkA state-transformation matrix is represented that,
Figure FDA0003234403910000033
a measurement representing the k-1 st trace of a seismic trace,
Figure FDA0003234403910000034
measurements, W, representing the k +1 th trace of a seismic tracekRepresenting a state transition error, k being a positive integer greater than 1; a first determination module, configured to determine a survey equation for a seismic trace, where the survey equation is:
Figure FDA0003234403910000035
Figure FDA0003234403910000036
measurements, X, representing the kth trace of a seismic tracekTrue value, V, of the k-th trace representing a seismic tracekIndicating a measurement error;
wherein the filtering device for seismic data further comprises: the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring logging data and geological information after filtering the target seismic data by using the target filtering mode according to a Kalman filtering mode; the verification unit is used for verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the logging data and the geological information;
the authentication unit includes: the first verification module is used for verifying the filtered target seismic data according to the first wave group relation of the filtered target seismic data and the second wave group relation of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data; the second verification module is used for verifying the two pairs of filtered target seismic data according to the first inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the target seismic data before filtering and the second inclination angle of the in-phase axis corresponding to the filtered target seismic data; and the third verification module is used for comparing and verifying the number of the in-phase axes corresponding to the filtered target seismic data and the amplitude corresponding to the in-phase axes with the number of the in-phase axes of the seismic data synthesized by the logging data and the amplitude corresponding to the in-phase axes.
6. A storage medium characterized by comprising a stored program, wherein the program executes the method of filtering seismic data according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
7. A processor for running a program, wherein the program is run to perform the method of filtering seismic data of any of claims 1 to 4.
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