CN110873354A - One-machine multi-effect heat pump system for peak regulation heat supply plant and heat pump control method - Google Patents
One-machine multi-effect heat pump system for peak regulation heat supply plant and heat pump control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110873354A CN110873354A CN201911333398.XA CN201911333398A CN110873354A CN 110873354 A CN110873354 A CN 110873354A CN 201911333398 A CN201911333398 A CN 201911333398A CN 110873354 A CN110873354 A CN 110873354A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000031636 Body Temperature Changes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1015—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating using a valve or valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/18—Flue gas recuperation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
A one-machine multi-effect heat pump system for peak regulation heat supply plant and a heat pump control method. The invention utilizes the same group of heat pumps to realize the recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas through the waste heat acquisition device boiler in the heat utilization peak period in winter. And when the boiler is not started in the cold peak period in summer, switching is carried out by the switching valve and the boiler is used for waste heat recovery of a sewage source or waste heat recovery of other renewable energy sources. The invention can use the recovered heat for heating the boiler backwater; or the system is used for combined cooling and heating in summer, and when refrigerating a plant area and peripheral public buildings, the water temperature of the return water main pipe of the large network is heated from 45 ℃ to 70 ℃ and then is fed into the water supply, so that domestic hot water service is provided for cities. The invention can recover the waste heat of the sewage when the refrigeration supply is excessive. The invention can fully utilize energy, realize multi-energy coupling complementation, ensure the full-working-condition operation of the heat pump and reduce the investment recovery period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combined cooling and heating equipment, in particular to a one-machine multi-effect heat pump system for a peak regulation heat supply plant and a heat pump control method.
Background
The existing heat supply plant has single function and generally only outputs heat energy. In summer, the existing heat plant has excess capacity, and resource waste is easy to occur. Flue gas output by a boiler of a heat plant contains a large amount of waste heat, and the urban environment is easily affected by the heat island effect caused by directly discharging the waste heat.
In the existing summer cooling mode driven by an urban heat supply network, a hot water type absorption refrigerator of a building refrigeration station is driven to supply cold for a building mainly by abundant heat energy in summer of a thermal power plant. However, in practical application, it is found that the relative heat loss and the transmission energy consumption of the heat distribution network in summer are inherently large (more than 30-50% in beijing), and although the method can utilize urban heat distribution network resources which are idle in summer, the heat loss and the transmission energy consumption of the heat distribution network caused by the driving of hot water in the pipeline are very large, and the refrigeration effect is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-effect heat pump system for a peak regulation heat supply plant and a heat pump control method aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme.
Firstly, in order to achieve the above object, a multi-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plant is provided, which comprises: a cold water receiving end of the heat pump is connected with a water return main pipe, and a hot water output end of the heat pump is connected with a water supply main pipe; the heat pump receives heat energy of the heat medium, heats cold water received by the cold water receiving end by using the heat energy of the heat medium, and outputs hot water obtained after heating to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end; the switching valve comprises at least two input ends and at least one output end, and the output end is connected with a waste heat receiving end of the heat pump and is used for providing a heat medium for the heat pump; the waste heat obtaining device is arranged on the waste heat pipe and comprises a medium input port and a medium outlet, the medium outlet of each waste heat obtaining device is respectively connected with one input end of the switching valve, and the medium inlet of each waste heat obtaining device is respectively connected with the cold medium discharge end of the heat pump; the waste heat obtaining device obtains waste heat in the waste heat pipe by using a medium, and heats the medium by using the waste heat to provide the medium to the switching valve and a waste heat receiving end of the heat pump connected with the switching valve.
Optionally, the one-machine multi-effect heat pump system for the peak shaving heat supply plant is any one of the above, wherein the waste heat pipe comprises a flue gas discharge pipe of a boiler, or a sewage pipe.
Optionally, the above one multi-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plant, wherein the waste heat obtaining device includes: a pipe sleeve surrounding the outer circumference of the waste heat pipe; an upper ring-shaped header pipe provided between an outer periphery of the waste heat pipe and an inner wall of the pipe sleeve, the upper ring-shaped header pipe being provided on an inner upper side of the pipe sleeve, the upper ring-shaped header pipe surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the waste heat pipe; a lower annular header pipe disposed between an outer periphery of the waste heat pipe and an inner wall of the pipe sleeve, the lower annular header pipe being disposed at an inner lower side of the pipe sleeve, the lower annular header pipe surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the waste heat pipe; the upper end of the upper main branch pipe is communicated with the upper annular main pipe, and the lower end of the upper main branch pipe extends to the middle part of the pipe sleeve; the lower end of the lower main branch pipe is communicated with the lower annular main pipe, and the upper end of the lower main branch pipe extends to the middle part of the pipe sleeve; the first medium branch pipe is connected between the lower end of the upper main branch pipe and the upper end of the lower main branch pipe, the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the first medium branch pipe, the upper end of the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the lower end of the upper main branch pipe, and the lower end of the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the upper end of the lower main branch pipe; each first medium branch pipe and each second medium pipe are respectively parallel to the axis of the waste heat pipe and are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the waste heat pipe; the medium inlet is connected with the upper annular main pipe, penetrates out of the upper part of the pipe sleeve and inputs cold media into the first medium branch pipe and the second medium branch pipe; and the medium outlet is connected with the lower annular main pipe, penetrates out of the lower part of the pipe sleeve, and outputs a heat medium obtained by heating waste heat in the waste heat pipe.
Optionally, in any one of the multiple-effect heat pump systems for peak shaving heat supply plants, two adjacent first medium branch pipes and two adjacent second medium branch pipes are connected in parallel to form an annular pipeline, and the wall thickness of the annular pipeline is smaller than that of the upper main branch pipe or the lower main branch pipe.
Optionally, the one-machine multi-effect heat pump system for the peak regulation heat supply plant is characterized in that one side, close to the waste heat pipe, of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium branch pipe is of a flat structure, and a radian attached to the periphery of the waste heat pipe is arranged on the surface of the flat structure.
Optionally, the one-machine multi-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plants is characterized in that heat transfer materials are filled between the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe, and between the first medium branch pipe and the waste heat pipe; and heat insulating materials are laid between the outer sides of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium branch pipe and the inner wall of the pipe sleeve.
Meanwhile, in order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a one-machine multi-effect heat pump control method for a peak regulation heat supply plant, which executes the following steps in the peak heat utilization period: a1, adjusting the conduction direction of the switching valve, receiving the heat medium output by the waste heat acquisition device arranged on the flue gas discharge pipe of the boiler, and conveying the heat medium to the waste heat receiving end of the heat pump; step a2, the heat pump receives the heat energy of the heat medium, the heat energy of the heat medium is used for heating the cold water received by the cold water receiving end of the heat pump from the water return main pipe, and the heated hot water is output to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end. During the cold peak period, the following steps are executed: b1, adjusting the conduction direction of the switching valve, receiving the heat medium output by the waste heat acquisition device arranged on the sewage pipe, and conveying the heat medium to the waste heat receiving end of the heat pump; and b2, the heat pump receives the heat energy of the heat medium, the heat energy of the heat medium is used for heating the cold water received by the cold water receiving end of the heat pump from the water return main pipe, and the heated hot water is output to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end.
Optionally, the method for controlling a multiple-effect heat pump for a peak shaving heat supply plant further includes: setting the adjustment period of the switching valve, and adjusting the conduction direction, the opening and/or the flow rate of the switching valve in each period.
Optionally, the method for controlling a multi-effect heat pump of a peak shaving heat supply plant includes the following steps of: step c1, firstly measuring the surface temperature T of the flue gas discharge pipe and/or the sewage pipe of the boiler, and measuring the environmental temperature T; measuring the temperature w of cold water received in a return water main pipe; step c2, calculating the proportionality constant Kp ═ log (T-T)4(ii) a Calculating an integral constant Ki ═ w-T |; calculating a differential constant
Wherein, delta t represents the change rate of the temperature t of the surface of a flue gas discharge pipe and/or a sewage pipe of the boiler in two adjacent periods, and delta w represents the change rate of the temperature w of cold water received in a return water main pipe in two adjacent periods; step c3, according to
Calculating to obtain the opening degree O of the switching valvei+1According to the opening degree Oi+1Adjusting the opening degree of the switching valve and/or the flow rate of a medium in the switching valve; wherein, OiRepresenting the opening of the switching valve and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve in the previous cycle; o isi-1Indicating the opening of the switching valve and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve in the first two cycles.
Advantageous effects
The invention utilizes the same group of heat pumps to realize the recovery of the waste heat of the flue gas through the waste heat acquisition device boiler in the heat utilization peak period in winter. And when the boiler is not started in the cold peak period in summer, switching is carried out by the switching valve and the boiler is used for waste heat recovery of a sewage source or waste heat recovery of other renewable energy sources. The invention can use the recovered heat for heating the boiler backwater; or the system is used for combined cooling and heating in summer, and when refrigerating a plant area and peripheral public buildings, the water temperature of the return water main pipe of the large network is heated from 45 ℃ to 70 ℃ and then is fed into the water supply, so that domestic hot water service is provided for cities. The invention can recover the waste heat of the sewage when the refrigeration supply is excessive. The invention can fully utilize energy, realize multi-energy coupling complementation, ensure the full-working-condition operation of the heat pump and reduce the investment recovery period.
The waste heat acquisition device provided by the invention can be directly sleeved and fixed on the periphery of the waste heat pipe in a welding mode, the structure of the waste heat pipe is not required to be improved, and the construction is convenient. In addition, the sleeving manner also prevents the gas or liquid in the waste heat pipe from directly contacting with the medium or medium circulation pipeline in the device, so that the medium circulation pipeline can be prevented from being corroded, and the service life of the waste heat acquisition device is prolonged. The annular pipeline formed by the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe can be set to be thinner through two pipeline wind flows, so that heat exchange is facilitated, and the absorption rate of waste heat is improved.
In addition, in order to improve the heat absorption effect of the waste heat acquisition device, the waste heat acquisition device is further provided with a plurality of groups of medium tubes which are connected in parallel, and the mediums are uniformly designed to enter the medium tubes from a uniform direction to exchange heat with the waste heat tubes surrounded by the interiors of the medium tubes. In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, the inlet of the medium pipe is further designed to be positioned at the position, close to the outlet, of the waste heat pipe with lower temperature, so that the temperature difference between the medium and the waste heat pipe is smaller when the medium enters the medium pipe, and the heat conduction efficiency of the medium can be effectively improved. The uniform medium flow direction can avoid medium convection to lose heat.
The inside wall of medium pipe is provided with the radian of cooperation waste heat pipe, can effectively increase both areas of contact, fully carries out the heat exchange. The heat transfer materials arranged between the medium pipes and on one side close to the waste heat pipe can help the medium in the medium pipes to obtain the heat of the waste heat pipe, and the external heat insulation materials can effectively reduce the dissipation of the heat in the medium. Therefore, the invention can efficiently recover waste heat.
In order to stabilize the temperature of hot water output by the system, the opening degree of the switching valve structure, the flow speed and the flow rate of media in the switching valve and the waste heat pipe are controlled in a special calculation mode.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a one-machine multi-effect heat pump system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the waste heat recovery device of the system of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a cross section of the waste heat obtaining apparatus a-a of fig. 2.
In the drawings, 1 denotes a heat pump; 2 denotes a boiler; 3 denotes a first exhaust heat obtaining device; 4 denotes a second exhaust heat obtaining device; 5 denotes a switching valve; 31 denotes a waste heat pipe; 41 denotes a pipe sleeve; 42 denotes a medium pipe; 43 denotes a media inlet; and 44 a medium outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The meaning of "and/or" in the present invention means that the respective single or both of them exist individually or in combination.
The meaning of "inside and outside" in the invention means that the direction from the pipe sleeve to the inside of the waste heat pipe is inside, and vice versa, relative to the waste heat obtaining device per se; and not as a specific limitation on the mechanism of the device of the present invention.
The term "connected" as used herein may mean either a direct connection between the components or an indirect connection between the components via other components.
Fig. 1 is a multi-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plant according to the present invention, which comprises:
a cold water receiving end of the heat pump 1 is connected with a water return main pipe, and a hot water output end of the heat pump is connected with a water supply main pipe; the heat pump receives heat energy of the heat medium, heats cold water received by the cold water receiving end by using the heat energy of the heat medium, and outputs hot water obtained after heating to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end;
the switching valve 5 comprises at least two input ends and at least one output end, and the output end is connected with a waste heat receiving end of the heat pump 1 and is used for providing a heat medium for the heat pump 1;
the waste heat obtaining devices are arranged on the waste heat pipes and comprise medium input ports and medium outlet ports, the medium outlet port of each waste heat obtaining device is respectively connected with one input end of the switching valve, and the medium inlet port of each waste heat obtaining device is respectively connected with the cold medium discharge end of the heat pump 1; the waste heat obtaining device obtains waste heat in the waste heat pipe by using a medium, and heats the medium by using the waste heat, thereby providing the medium to the switching valve 5 and a waste heat receiving end of the heat pump connected to the switching valve.
Therefore, during the heat utilization peak period, the system can firstly adjust the conduction direction of the switching valve 5, receive the heat medium output by the waste heat acquisition device arranged on the flue gas discharge pipe of the boiler, and convey the heat medium to the waste heat receiving end of the heat pump 1; then, the heat pump 1 receives the heat energy of the heat medium, the heat energy of the heat medium is used for heating the cold water received by the cold water receiving end of the heat pump 1 from the water return main pipe, and the heated hot water is output to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end.
During the cold peak, the same set of heat pump can be used, the conduction direction of the switching valve 5 is firstly adjusted, the heat medium output by the waste heat acquisition device arranged on the sewage pipe is received, and the heat medium is conveyed to the waste heat receiving end of the heat pump 1; then, the heat pump 1 is used for receiving the heat energy of the heat medium, the heat energy of the heat medium is used for heating the cold water received by the cold water receiving end of the heat pump 1 from the water return main pipe, and the heated hot water is output to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end.
The system can realize the recovery of the flue gas waste heat of the boiler in winter through the same group of heat pumps in the whole period of supplying heat in winter and continuously operating in summer to provide domestic hot water service for cities in the thermal power large network; and when the boiler is not started in summer, the same group of heat pumps are used for recovering waste heat of a sewage source or other renewable energy sources. The invention can use the heat obtained by recovery for heating boiler backwater, is used for combined cooling and heating in summer, heats the large-network backwater from 45 ℃ to 70 ℃ and supplies water while refrigerating the factory and the public buildings around, and provides domestic hot water service for cities. The invention can recover the waste heat of the sewage when the refrigeration supply is excessive.
In order to improve the efficiency of waste heat recovery, the waste heat recovery device of the system may be a flue gas discharge pipe of a boiler, or a waste heat recovery device shown in fig. 2 may be provided in a sewage pipe. The waste heat obtaining device can be specifically set to be composed of the following structures:
a sleeve 41 surrounding the outer periphery of the waste heat pipe 31;
the medium pipes comprise a plurality of groups, and each group of medium pipes are uniformly distributed between the periphery of the waste heat pipe 31 and the inner wall of the pipe sleeve 41; each group of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42 are respectively arranged in parallel to the axis of the waste heat pipe 31;
a medium inlet 43 connected to a first end of each medium pipe, for inputting a cooling medium into the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42;
and a medium outlet 44 connected to the second end of each medium pipe, outputting a heat medium obtained by heating with waste heat in the waste heat pipe.
As shown in the cross section of fig. 3, in order to control the medium flow direction in the medium pipe, avoid medium convection heat loss, and avoid absorption of heat energy due to an excessive medium temperature difference, each group of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42 may be respectively configured to include two first medium branch pipes and two second medium pipes which are connected in parallel to form an annular shape. One common end of the two first medium branch pipes and the second medium pipe, which is close to the outlet of the waste heat pipe 31, is connected with the medium inlet 43, and the other common end of the two first medium branch pipes and the second medium pipe, which is close to the inlet of the waste heat pipe 31, is connected with the medium outlet 44. Therefore, the structure can realize that a plurality of groups of medium pipes are connected in parallel, and the medium is uniformly designed to enter the medium pipes from a uniform direction to exchange heat with the waste heat pipe surrounded by the inside of the medium pipes. In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, under a more preferable implementation mode, the inlet of the medium pipe can be further designed to be positioned at the position, close to the outlet, of the waste heat pipe with lower temperature, so that the temperature difference between the medium and the waste heat pipe is smaller when the medium enters the medium pipe, and the heat conduction efficiency of the medium can be effectively improved. The uniform medium flow direction can avoid medium convection to lose heat.
In order to reduce the thickness of the pipe wall and increase the heat exchange area and efficiency, in the above structure, as shown in fig. 3, the medium pipe may be further configured to include:
an upper annular manifold provided between the outer periphery of the waste heat pipe 31 and the inner wall of the pipe sleeve 41, the upper annular manifold being provided on the inner upper side of the pipe sleeve 41, the upper annular manifold surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the waste heat pipe 31;
a lower annular manifold provided between the outer periphery of the waste heat pipe 31 and the inner wall of the pipe casing 41, the lower annular manifold being provided on the inner lower side of the pipe casing 41, the lower annular manifold surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the waste heat pipe 31;
an upper main branch pipe, the upper end of which is communicated with the upper annular main pipe, and the lower end of which extends to the middle of the pipe sleeve 41;
a lower main branch pipe, the lower end of which is communicated with the lower annular main pipe, and the upper end of which extends to the middle of the pipe sleeve 41;
a first medium branch pipe connected between a lower end of the upper main branch pipe and an upper end of the lower main branch pipe,
the upper end of the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the lower end of the upper main branch pipe, and the lower end of the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the upper end of the lower main branch pipe; each of the first medium branch pipes and the second medium branch pipes 42 is parallel to the axis of the waste heat pipe 31, and is uniformly arranged on the periphery of the waste heat pipe 31.
Thus, the medium inlet 43 may be specifically configured to be connected to the upper ring header, the medium inlet 43 penetrates through the upper portion of the pipe sleeve 41, and the cooling medium is input into the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42; the medium outlet 44 may be specifically configured to be connected to the lower annular manifold, the medium outlet 44 penetrates through a lower portion of the pipe sleeve 41, and the medium outlet 44 outputs a heat medium obtained by heating waste heat in the waste heat pipe.
One side of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium branch pipe 42 close to the waste heat pipe 31 is a flat structure, and the surface of the flat structure is provided with a radian fitting the periphery of the waste heat pipe 31. The first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42 may be specifically selected from copper pipes to improve heat conductivity and heat exchange efficiency.
In order to avoid heat dissipation of the waste heat obtaining device and further improve heat absorption in the waste heat obtaining device, metal materials such as copper alloy particles and aluminum alloy particles or other heat transfer materials can be filled between the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42 and between the medium pipe and the periphery of the waste heat pipe 31 to realize heat transfer. And heat insulating materials such as asbestos and the like can be further paved between the outer sides of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe 42 and the inner wall of the pipe sleeve 41, so that heat absorbed by the medium is reduced to be dissipated to the outside, and the pipe wall of the medium pipe is protected.
In order to further realize the accurate regulation and control of the return water temperature of the large net, the invention can also check whether the opening degree or the flow of the switching valve is proper or not by setting a fixed period, thereby reducing the fluctuation of the water temperature. The adjustment period may be set every hour or every half day. The direction of opening, the degree of opening and/or the flow rate of the switching valve 5 can be adjusted in each cycle in accordance with the following steps:
step c1, firstly measuring the surface temperature T of the flue gas discharge pipe and/or the sewage pipe of the boiler, and measuring the environmental temperature T; measuring the temperature w of cold water received in a return water main pipe;
step c2, calculating the proportionality constant Kp ═ log (T-T)4(ii) a Calculating an integral constant Ki ═ w-T |; calculating a differential constant
Wherein, delta t represents the change rate of the temperature t of the surface of a flue gas discharge pipe and/or a sewage pipe of the boiler in two adjacent periods, and delta w represents the change rate of the temperature w of cold water received in a return water main pipe in two adjacent periods;
step c3, according to
The opening degree O of the switching valve 5 is obtained by calculationi+1According to the opening degree Oi+1Adjusting the opening of the switching valve 5 and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve;
wherein, OiRepresenting the opening of the switch valve 5 and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switch valve in the previous cycle; o isi-1Indicating the opening of the switch valve 5 and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switch valve in the first two cycles.
Because each coefficient can accurately reflect the ambient temperature and the temperature of each heat exchange main body in the system, the opening degree of the switching valve 5 and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve, which are obtained by calculating the coefficients, can effectively correct the influence of each main body temperature change or the ambient temperature change on the heat exchange efficiency of the system, and effectively stabilize the temperature of the hot water output by the system.
The above are merely embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and with particularity, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A one-machine multi-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plants, comprising:
the cold water receiving end of the heat pump (1) is connected with a water return main pipe, and the hot water output end of the heat pump is connected with a water supply main pipe; the heat pump receives heat energy of the heat medium, heats cold water received by the cold water receiving end by using the heat energy of the heat medium, and outputs hot water obtained after heating to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end;
the switching valve (5) comprises at least two input ends and at least one output end, the output end is connected with a waste heat receiving end of the heat pump (1) and provides heat medium for the heat pump (1);
the waste heat obtaining device is arranged on the waste heat pipe and comprises a medium input port and a medium outlet, the medium outlet of each waste heat obtaining device is respectively connected with one input end of the switching valve, and the medium inlet of each waste heat obtaining device is respectively connected with the cold medium discharge end of the heat pump (1); the waste heat acquisition device acquires waste heat in the waste heat pipe by using a medium, and heats the medium by using the waste heat to provide the medium to the switching valve (5) and a waste heat receiving end of the heat pump connected with the switching valve.
2. The multiple-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plants according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat pipe comprises a flue gas discharge pipe of a boiler, or a sewage pipe.
3. The multi-effect heat pump system of claim 1, wherein the waste heat extraction device comprises:
a sleeve (41) surrounding the outer periphery of the waste heat pipe (31);
an upper annular header pipe provided between an outer periphery of the waste heat pipe (31) and an inner wall of the pipe sleeve (41), the upper annular header pipe being provided on an inner upper side of the pipe sleeve (41), the upper annular header pipe surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the waste heat pipe (31);
a lower annular header pipe provided between an outer periphery of the waste heat pipe (31) and an inner wall of the pipe sleeve (41), the lower annular header pipe being provided on an inner lower side of the pipe sleeve (41), the lower annular header pipe surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the waste heat pipe (31);
an upper main branch pipe, the upper end of which is communicated with the upper annular main pipe, and the lower end of which extends to the middle part of the pipe sleeve (41);
the lower end of the lower main branch pipe is communicated with the lower annular main pipe, and the upper end of the lower main branch pipe extends to the middle of the pipe sleeve (41);
a first medium branch pipe connected between a lower end of the upper main branch pipe and an upper end of the lower main branch pipe,
the upper end of the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the lower end of the upper main branch pipe, and the lower end of the second medium branch pipe is communicated with the upper end of the lower main branch pipe; the first medium branch pipes and the second medium pipes (42) are respectively parallel to the axis of the waste heat pipe (31) and are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the waste heat pipe (31);
a medium inlet (43) connected with the upper annular header pipe, wherein the medium inlet (43) penetrates out from the upper part of the pipe sleeve (41) and inputs cold media into the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe (42);
and a medium outlet (44) connected with the lower annular manifold, wherein the medium outlet (44) penetrates out from the lower part of the pipe sleeve (41), and the medium outlet (44) outputs a heat medium obtained by heating waste heat in the waste heat pipe.
4. The multiple-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plants according to claim 3, wherein two adjacent first medium branch pipes and second medium pipes (42) are respectively connected in parallel to form an annular pipeline, and the wall thickness of the annular pipeline is smaller than that of the upper main branch pipe or the lower main branch pipe.
5. The multiple-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plants according to claims 3-4, wherein one side of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium branch pipe (42) close to the waste heat pipe (31) is provided with a flat structure, and the surface of the flat structure is provided with a radian fitting the periphery of the waste heat pipe (31).
6. The multiple-effect heat pump system for peak shaving heat supply plants according to claims 3-5, characterized in that heat transfer material is filled between the first medium branch pipe and the second medium pipe (42), and between the first medium branch pipe and the periphery of the waste heat pipe (31) and the second medium pipe (42);
and heat insulation materials are laid between the outer sides of the first medium branch pipe and the second medium branch pipe (42) and the inner wall of the pipe sleeve (41).
7. A one-machine multi-effect heat pump control method for a peak shaving heat supply plant is characterized in that the following steps are executed during a peak heat utilization period:
a1, adjusting the conduction direction of the switching valve (5), receiving the heat medium output by the waste heat acquisition device arranged on the flue gas discharge pipe of the boiler, and conveying the heat medium to the waste heat receiving end of the heat pump (1);
step a2, the heat pump (1) receives the heat energy of the heat medium, the heat energy of the heat medium is used for heating the cold water received by the cold water receiving end of the heat pump (1) from the water return main pipe, and the heated hot water is output to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end;
during the cold peak period, the following steps are performed:
b1, adjusting the conduction direction of the switching valve (5), receiving the heat medium output by the waste heat acquisition device arranged on the sewage pipe, and conveying the heat medium to the waste heat receiving end of the heat pump (1);
and b2, the heat pump (1) receives the heat energy of the heat medium, the heat energy of the heat medium is used for heating the cold water received by the cold water receiving end of the heat pump (1) from the water return main pipe, and the heated hot water is output to the water supply main pipe from the hot water output end.
8. The multiple-effect heat pump control method for peak shaving heat supply plant according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of: setting an adjustment period of the switching valve (5), and adjusting the conduction direction, the opening degree and/or the flow rate of the switching valve (5) in each period.
9. The multiple-effect heat pump control method for peak shaving heat supply plants according to claims 7-8, characterized in that the step of adjusting the opening of the switching valve (5) and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve during each cycle respectively comprises:
step c1, firstly measuring the surface temperature T of the flue gas discharge pipe and/or the sewage pipe of the boiler, and measuring the environmental temperature T; measuring the temperature w of cold water received in a return water main pipe;
step c2, calculating the proportionality constant Kp ═ log (T-T)4(ii) a Calculating an integral constant Ki-w-T |; calculating a differential constant
Wherein, delta t represents the change rate of the temperature t of the surface of a flue gas discharge pipe and/or a sewage pipe of the boiler in two adjacent periods, and delta w represents the change rate of the temperature w of cold water received in a return water main pipe in two adjacent periods;
step c3, according to
The opening degree O of the switching valve (5) is obtained by calculationi+1According to the opening degree Oi+1Adjusting the opening degree of the switching valve (5) and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve;
wherein, OiRepresenting the opening of the switching valve (5) and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switching valve in the previous cycle; o isi-1Indicating the previous two periods inscribedThe opening degree of the change valve (5) and/or the flow rate of the medium in the switch valve.
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