CN110872683B - Method for preparing titanium-titanium nitride composite coating on surface of stainless steel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a titanium-titanium nitride composite coating on the surface of stainless steel. Powder embedding of the inventionThe components of the penetrating agent are 35 to 45 percent of TiO in percentage by mass2Powder, 5-10% of Ti powder, 10-15% of Al powder and 1-2% of NH4Cl powder, 2-4% (NH)4)2SO4Powder, the balance being Al2O3Pulverizing; the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the powder embedding penetrant, placing the mixture and a stainless steel sample with an oxide skin removed on the surface into an infiltration tank, placing the infiltration tank into a vacuum resistance furnace, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 0.02Pa, introducing argon to 0.05-0.2 MPa, and heating to 850 ℃ and 1050 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-8 hours; cooling to 650 plus 850 ℃, then preserving the heat in the mixed gas of argon and nitrogen, preserving the heat for 2-6 hours, and then cooling along with the furnace. The titanium-titanium nitride coating prepared by the method for embedding and titanizing the solid powder and the penetrating agent has the advantages of good quality, simple process, convenient operation and low cost, can conveniently control the thickness of the titanium-titanium nitride coating, and is convenient for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings, and discloses a solid powder penetrating agent component for preparing a titanium nitride coating on the surface of stainless steel and a method for embedding and penetrating titanium by using solid powder.
Background
The titanium nitride has excellent mechanical property and wear resistance and has good affinity with human bodies, so that a titanium nitride coating is formed on the surfaces of the stainless steel skeleton and the like, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the skeleton can be improved, metal ions are effectively prevented from being released into body fluid of the human bodies, the service life of the stainless steel in the human bodies is prolonged, and the application range of the stainless steel in biomedicine can be remarkably expanded. However, with the progress of research, it has been found that the titanium nitride coating has performance parameters such as hardness, rigidity and thermal expansion coefficient which are too different from those of the stainless steel substrate, and the titanium nitride coating prepared directly on the metal substrate is liable to cause cracks in the coating and even cause peeling of the coating. Therefore, it has become a hot point to improve the adhesion between the titanium nitride coating and the metal substrate without losing the hardness and wear resistance of the titanium nitride coating.
In recent years, research on the preparation of titanium nitride coatings is deepened, coating preparation methods such as chemical vapor deposition, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, sol-gel, plasma spraying and the like draw great attention at home and abroad, but the methods have the defects of expensive equipment, complex process, high raw material cost, low yield, impure synthesized titanium nitride coatings and the like, and limit the industrial large-scale production of the titanium nitride coatings. The literature (wuming, research on the preparation of titanium-titanium nitride double-layer coatings by a two-step embedding method [ D ], harbin engineering university, 2013.) reports that the preparation of titanium nitride coatings on metal surfaces by a method combining a high-energy micro-arc alloying technology and a glow ion nitriding technology is complex in equipment and process and unstable in coatings. Chinese patent CN 103710695a discloses a method for preparing a titanium carbonitride protective coating for the surface of a metal workpiece, which is to coat a layer of titanium powder or coating on the surface of the workpiece working surface in advance as a titanium source, use carbon in the workpiece (with higher carbon content) as a carbon source, use high-pressure nitrogen atmosphere and/or nitrogen ion implantation as a nitrogen source, and realize mutual diffusion of titanium, nitrogen and carbon under high temperature conditions, thereby forming a layer of titanium carbonitride coating on the surface of the protective workpiece. However, the powder penetrating agent adopts titanium powder, which is relatively active and expensive, and the obtained coating is unstable, so that the popularization and application of the powder penetrating agent in industry are limited. Therefore, a simple, economical and effective method for preparing titanium nitride coatings is needed to meet the requirements of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coatings.
. Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a titanium-titanium nitride composite coating on the surface of stainless steel, which aims to solve the problems that the interface bonding strength of the coating and a substrate is low, the coating is easy to peel off in the service process, workpieces are rapidly abraded and scrapped and the like in the prior art.
A method for preparing a titanium-titanium nitride composite coating on the surface of stainless steel, which comprises the following steps:
the first step, the preparation of powder embedding permeating agent: what is needed isThe powder embedding and permeating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of TiO2Powder, 5-10% of Ti powder, 10-15% of Al powder and 1-2% of NH4Cl powder, 2-4% (NH)4)2SO4Powder, the balance being Al2O3Pulverizing;
step two, processing and placing of the sample: putting the stainless steel sample subjected to surface activity treatment in an infiltration irrigation filled with a uniformly mixed powder embedding infiltration agent, and compacting the powder;
thirdly, preparing a titanizing coating by powder solid infiltration: putting the infiltrating irrigation in the second step into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing to be less than or equal to 0.02Pa, introducing inert gas to 0.05-0.2 MPa, heating to 850-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
and fourthly, surface nitriding under the atmosphere condition of argon and nitrogen.
Further, in the first step, TiO2The powder adopts multi-stage TiO with the grain diameters of 5 mu m and 20 mu m which are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:32And (3) pulverizing.
Further, in the first step, Ti powder, Al powder, NH4Cl powder, (NH)4)2SO4Powder and Al2O3The particle size of the powder is 5-20 μm.
Further, in the second step, the stainless steel sample subjected to surface activity treatment is subjected to descaling by grinding, then is ground to No. 800 by metallographic abrasive paper and is polished, and then is subjected to ultrasonic cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the stainless steel sample.
Furthermore, in the second step, the pressure for compacting the powder is 0.01-0.1 MPa.
Further, in the third step, the temperature rise rate in the temperature rise process is 10 ℃/min.
And further, in the third step, argon is introduced in the processes of heating, heat preservation and cooling, and the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.05-0.2 MPa.
Further, in the third step, the temperature is increased to 850-900 ℃ and is preserved for 1-2 hours, and then the temperature is increased to 900-1050 ℃ and is preserved for 1-6 hours.
Further, in the fourth step, the surface nitriding atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, the volume ratio of argon to nitrogen is 1:3, the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.1-0.3 MPa in the nitriding process, the heat preservation temperature is 650-850 ℃ in the nitriding process, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the invention adopts TiO2The powder partially replaces active and expensive titanium powder, so that the process is simple and the cost is low; the process has the advantages of low titanizing temperature, short titanizing time and stable and controllable obtained coating; (2) according to the invention, the synthesis of titanium nitride is completed while titanizing is carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere condition, and a pure titanium coating is deposited on the surface of the metal substrate to form metallurgical bonding with the substrate, so that nitrogen can be more uniformly and fully permeated into the pure titanium coating, and the service performance of the titanium nitride coating is ensured; (3) the titanium-titanium nitride composite coating prepared by the powder embedding reaction technology has good binding force with the substrate, the titanium nitride layering phenomenon does not occur under a large bending angle, and the bending of the titanium nitride coating substrate and the stainless steel substrate is kept consistent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of a titanium nitride coating according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The preparation process of the titanium-titanium nitride composite coating is shown in figure 1.
Example 1
The first step, the preparation of powder embedding permeating agent: 35% by mass of TiO2Powder, 5% of Ti powder, 10% of Al powder and 1% of NH4Cl powder, 2% (NH)4)2SO4Powder, the balance being Al2O3Pulverizing;
step two, processing and placing of the sample: putting the stainless steel sample subjected to surface activity treatment in an infiltration irrigation filled with a uniformly mixed powder embedding infiltration agent, and compacting the powder;
thirdly, preparing a titanizing coating by powder solid infiltration under the atmosphere: and (3) putting the infiltrating irrigation filled with the sample and the powder embedding reagent in the second step into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing to be less than or equal to 0.02Pa, introducing argon to 0.05MPa, heating to 750 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
And fourthly, surface nitriding under the atmosphere condition of argon and nitrogen.
Wherein, the TiO in the first step2The powder is multi-grade TiO2Powder: contains multi-stage TiO with grain sizes of 5 μm and 20 μm respectively2The particles are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 7: 3; al powder, NH4Cl powder, (NH)4)2SO4Powder and Al2O3The particle size of the powder was 5 μm.
The surface activity treatment method of the stainless steel in the second step comprises the following steps: firstly, polishing to remove oxide skin, then polishing to No. 800 with metallographic abrasive paper, and then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol; the pressure used for powder compaction was 0.01 MPa.
In the third step, the heating rate in the heating process is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours. Introducing argon in the processes of heating, heat preservation and cooling, and keeping the gas pressure constant at 0.05 MPa; the temperature raising method comprises the steps of raising the temperature to 850 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1 hour, and then raising the temperature to 900 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1 hour.
And in the fourth step, the surface nitriding atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, the volume ratio of argon to nitrogen is 1:3, the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.1MPa in the nitriding process, the heat preservation temperature is 650 ℃ in the nitriding process, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
The microhardness HV of this example is shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The first step, the preparation of powder embedding permeating agent: 40% by mass of TiO2Powder, 7.5% of Ti powder, 12.5% of Al powder and 1.5% of NH4Cl powder, 3% (NH)4)2SO4Powder, the balance being Al2O3Pulverizing;
step two, processing and placing of the sample: putting the stainless steel sample subjected to surface activity treatment in an infiltration irrigation filled with a uniformly mixed powder embedding infiltration agent, and compacting the powder;
thirdly, performing powder solid infiltration under the argon atmosphere to prepare a titanizing coating: and (3) putting the infiltrating irrigation filled with the sample and the powder embedding reagent in the second step into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing to be less than or equal to 0.02Pa, introducing argon to 1.025 MPa, heating to 950 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
And fourthly, surface nitriding under the atmosphere condition of argon and nitrogen.
Wherein, the TiO in the first step2The powder is multi-grade TiO2Powder: contains multi-stage TiO with grain sizes of 5 μm and 20 μm respectively2The particles are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 7: 3; ti powder, Al powder, NH4Cl powder, (NH)4)2SO4Powder and Al2O3The particle size of the powder was 12.5. mu.m.
The surface activity treatment method of the stainless steel in the second step comprises the following steps: firstly, polishing to remove oxide skin, then polishing to No. 800 with metallographic abrasive paper, and then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol; the pressure used for powder compaction was 0.55 MPa.
In the third step, the heating rate in the heating process is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours. Introducing nitrogen in the processes of heating, heat preservation and cooling, and keeping the gas pressure constant at 0.275 MPa; the heating method comprises the steps of firstly heating to 875 ℃ and preserving heat for 1.5 hours, and then heating to 950 ℃ and preserving heat for 3.5 hours.
And in the fourth step, the surface nitriding atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, the volume ratio of argon to nitrogen is 1:3, the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.2 MPa in the nitriding process, the heat preservation temperature is 750 ℃ in the nitriding process, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
The microhardness HV of this example is shown in Table 1.
Example 3
The first step, the preparation of powder embedding permeating agent: 45% by mass of TiO2Powder, 10% of Ti powder, 15% of Al powder and 2% of NH4Cl powder, 4% (NH)4)2SO4Powder, the balance being Al2O3Pulverizing;
step two, processing and placing of the sample: putting the stainless steel sample subjected to surface activity treatment in an infiltration irrigation filled with a uniformly mixed powder embedding infiltration agent, and compacting the powder;
thirdly, performing powder solid infiltration under the argon atmosphere to prepare a titanizing coating: and (3) putting the infiltrating irrigation filled with the sample and the powder embedding reagent in the second step into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing to be less than or equal to 0.02Pa, introducing argon to 0.2 MPa, heating to 1050 ℃, preserving the heat for 8 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
And fourthly, surface nitriding under the atmosphere condition of argon and nitrogen.
Wherein, the TiO in the first step2The powder is multi-grade TiO2Powder: contains multi-stage TiO with grain sizes of 5 μm and 20 μm respectively2The particles are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 7: 3; ti powder, Al powder, NH4Cl powder, (NH)4)2SO4Powder and Al2O3The particle size of the powder was 20 μm.
The surface activity treatment method of the stainless steel in the second step comprises the following steps: firstly, polishing to remove oxide skin, then polishing to No. 800 with metallographic abrasive paper, and then ultrasonically cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol; the pressure used for powder compaction was 0.1 MPa.
In the third step, the heating rate in the heating process is 10 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 1050 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours. Introducing nitrogen in the processes of heating, heat preservation and cooling, and keeping the gas pressure constant at 0.5 MPa; the temperature raising method comprises the steps of firstly raising the temperature to 900 ℃ and preserving the heat for 2 hours, and then raising the temperature to 1050 ℃ and preserving the heat for 6 hours.
And in the fourth step, the surface nitriding atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, the volume ratio of argon to nitrogen is 1:3, the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.3 MPa in the nitriding process, the heat preservation temperature is 850 ℃ in the nitriding process, and the heat preservation time is 6 hours.
The microhardness HV of this example is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Examples | microhardness/HV |
| Example 1 | 1220 |
| Example 2 | 1680 |
| Example 3 | 2210 |
Example 4
The components of the impregnation agent of this example were as in example 1, and the preparation method was as in example 2.
Example 5
The components of the impregnation agent of this example were as in example 1, and the preparation method was as in example 3.
Example 6
The components of the impregnation agent of this example were as in example 2, and the preparation method was as in example 1.
Example 7
The components of the impregnation agent of this example were as in example 2 and the preparation method was as in example 3.
Example 8
The components of the impregnation agent of this example were as in example 3, and the preparation method was as in example 1.
Example 9
The components of the impregnation agent of this example were as in example 3, and the preparation method was as in example 2.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preparing the titanium-titanium nitride composite coating on the surface of the stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step, the preparation of powder embedding permeating agent: the powder embedding and permeating agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of TiO2Powder, 5-10% of Ti powder, 10-15% of Al powder and 1-2% of NH4Cl powder, 2-4% (NH)4)2SO4Powder, the balance being Al2O3Pulverizing;
step two, processing and placing of the sample: putting the stainless steel sample subjected to surface activity treatment in an infiltration irrigation filled with a uniformly mixed powder embedding infiltration agent, and compacting the powder;
thirdly, preparing a titanizing coating by powder solid infiltration: putting the infiltrating irrigation in the second step into a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing to be less than or equal to 0.02Pa, introducing inert gas to 0.05-0.2 MPa, heating to 850-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 2-8 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
fourthly, surface nitriding under the atmosphere condition of argon and nitrogen;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
TiO2the powder adopts multilevel TiO mixed with the grain diameters of 5 mu m and 20 mu m respectively according to the mass ratio of 7:32Pulverizing;
ti powder, Al powder, NH4Cl powder, (NH)4)2SO4Powder and Al2O3The particle size of the powder is 5-20 mu m;
the surface nitriding atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, the volume ratio of argon to nitrogen is 1:3, and the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.1-0.3 MPa in the nitriding process;
and in the nitriding process, the heat preservation temperature is 650-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-6 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface-activated stainless steel sample is obtained by descaling by sanding, sanding to 800 ° with metallographic sandpaper, polishing, and ultrasonic cleaning with absolute ethanol.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the powder is compacted at a pressure of 0.01 to 0.1 MPa.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the temperature rise rate in the temperature rise process is 10 ℃/min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the third step, argon gas is introduced during the processes of temperature rise, heat preservation and temperature reduction, and the gas pressure is kept constant at 0.05 to 0.2 MPa.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the third step, the temperature is raised to 850-900 ℃ and maintained for 1-2 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 900-1050 ℃ and maintained for 1-6 hours.
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| JPS5278724A (en) * | 1975-12-26 | 1977-07-02 | Seikosha Kk | Titanizinggnitriding process for steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102719786A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-10 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Metal housing and surface treating method thereof |
| CN108914082B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2020-05-26 | 太原理工大学 | Surface treatment method of austenitic stainless steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS5278724A (en) * | 1975-12-26 | 1977-07-02 | Seikosha Kk | Titanizinggnitriding process for steel |
| CN1356405A (en) * | 2001-03-10 | 2002-07-03 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Sealant and process for osmosizing Ti |
| CN1614073A (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2005-05-11 | 潘传洪 | Agent and method for Ti-Al co-permeation |
| CN102330053A (en) * | 2011-10-20 | 2012-01-25 | 陈唯明 | B-Al-Ti infiltration process for low-chromium multi-element alloy cast grinding ball |
| CN103952661A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-30 | 西安理工大学 | Solid zincizing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN105386001A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-03-09 | 太原理工大学 | Preparation method for TiN/Ti composite permeable layer on surface of beryllium-copper alloy |
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