CN110869522A - 用于减少带材处理炉中的氮氧化物的方法 - Google Patents

用于减少带材处理炉中的氮氧化物的方法 Download PDF

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CN110869522A
CN110869522A CN201880045378.XA CN201880045378A CN110869522A CN 110869522 A CN110869522 A CN 110869522A CN 201880045378 A CN201880045378 A CN 201880045378A CN 110869522 A CN110869522 A CN 110869522A
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皮埃尔-热鲁姆·博赫勒
埃里克·布雷克
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在直接燃烧炉(1)中处理金属带材(5)的方法，所述金属带材(5)被引导穿过所述直接燃烧炉。所述直接燃烧炉(1)由气体燃烧器直接点燃并且具有非燃烧区域(7)，燃烧区域(2)的废气(14)流动穿过所述非燃烧区域并且由此预加热所述金属带材(5)。所述炉废气(14)在所述非燃烧区域(7)之后在后置燃烧室(9)中被后置燃烧。根据本发明，在所述非燃烧区域(7)中，将甲烷注入到所述废气(4)中，由此将包含在所述废气(14)中的氮氧化物转换成氰化氢。

Description

用于减少带材处理炉中的氮氧化物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在直接燃烧炉中处理金属带材的方法，带材被引导穿过所述直接燃烧炉。其中，直接燃烧炉由气体燃烧器直接点燃，并且沿带材运动方向来看，直接燃烧炉在直接燃烧区域之前具有非燃烧区域，燃烧区域的废气流动穿过非燃烧区域并且在金属带材在直接燃烧区域中被进一步加热之前预加热金属带材。在离开非燃烧区域之后，废气在后置燃烧室中被后置加热。
背景技术
通常，金属带材的这种热处理在对金属带材进行镀锌之前进行或者也在酸洗线之后在退火炉中进行。
热处理的一种方式是使用直接燃烧炉(DFF，direct fired furnace)，其中，燃烧器直接布置在炉内部。在这种炉中存在预加热区域，其中，借助来自直接燃烧炉中的热废气将被连续地引导穿过的金属带材加热至大约200-300℃。
通常，使用气体(天然气或者焦炉煤气)来运行直接燃烧炉的燃烧器。在燃烧时产生了包含在废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)。在描述氮氧化物(NOx)时将其理解为在燃烧过程中形成的全部氮氧化物，其中，化合物NO和NO2通常具有最重要的意义。
NOx可以在燃料的转换中产生或者可以通过高的处理温度直接由助燃空气产生。
关于氮氧化物排放的方针变得越来越严格。尽管通过新研发的气体燃烧器已经能够在其他措施之外显著地减少直接燃烧炉的氮氧化物排放，但进一步的减少仍绝对是值得期望的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种能够进一步减少氮氧化物排放的低成本的方法。
该目的通过根据权利要求1的方法来实现。在该方法中，将甲烷(CH4)在非燃烧区域中注入或者鼓入到非燃烧区域中，由此使包含在废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)与甲烷反应。此反应(再燃焼)主要形成氰化氢。该炉区域基本上没有游离氧。
虽然氮氧化物的再燃烧在其它类型的工厂、诸如燃煤发电厂或垃圾焚烧厂中是已知的，但是这些情况下的氮氧化物量要高得多。例如，100MW的燃煤发电厂的氮氧化物的量通过适当的再燃烧从3000mg/Nm3减少至500mg/Nm3。在用于金属带材处理的现代的直接燃烧炉中，目前的氮氧化物的量仅为120mg/Nm3，即本来就相对较低。但通过本发明仍可以将该数值进一步降低至80mg/Nm3。
有利地，将空气或氧气注入到后置燃烧室中，由此进一步降解了所产生的氰化氢。
优选地，在将甲烷注入到非燃烧区域之前，向甲烷中添加氮气。通过氮气的加入使得甲烷能够更有效率地与废气混合。在这种情况下能够借助文丘里喷嘴来实现甲烷和氮气的混合和注入。针对该目的，也可以使用常规的燃烧器，其中助燃空气以氮气替代。
甲烷与氮气的比例可以在1:10的范围内。
甲烷可以在与最接近的燃烧器具有不同间距的多个位置处被注入到非燃烧区域中。
附图说明
在下文中将通过附图来描述本发明的实施例。各图为：
图1示出了用于带材处理的直接燃烧炉的示意视图；
图2示出了炉区域7的侧视图，甲烷被注入到炉区域7中。
图3示出了穿过非燃烧区域7的剖面。
各个附图中的相同的附图标记相应地表示相同的设备部分。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了直接燃烧炉1的一部分，在该直接燃烧炉中对金属带材5进行热处理。将金属带材5从上方引导到炉内部中，并且首先穿过具有若干米长度的非燃烧区域7，并且在非燃烧区域中预加热金属带材5。此处，非燃烧区域7被理解为沿带材运动方向来看被布置在燃烧区域2之前且其中未布置有燃烧器的区域。
在炉1的燃烧区域2中，借助气体燃烧器来加热金属带材5。在此，金属带材5首先穿过在炉壁12内布置有“喷嘴混合”类型的燃烧器的区域3并且之后穿过具有“预混合”类型的燃烧器的区域4。在炉1的下端，借助偏转辊11使金属带材5偏转并且引入到例如通过辐射管加热的炉(辐射管炉，RTF)。
由气体燃烧器在直接燃烧区域2中形成的废气14向上流动到炉1中并且在此处以已知的方式将废气沿方向6偏转地引入至后置燃烧室9，在后置燃烧室9中布置有用于后置燃烧废气14的后置燃烧器。金属带材5不穿过后置燃烧室9。废气14也包含基本上为NO和NO2的氮氧化物。为了减少这种氮氧化物含量，将甲烷(CH4)经由馈送管8注入到非燃烧区域7中或者借助氮气鼓入到直接燃烧炉1的非燃烧区域7中。甲烷与热废气混合并且氮氧化物与甲烷反应生成氰化氢。
在这种情况下，需要的甲烷气体的量会相对较小。对于一个标准的炉1来说，5m3/h就足够了。有意义的是，这种非燃烧区域7基本上不存在氧气(O2含量＜0.05％)，因此氧气不与被鼓入的甲烷反应。为了确保这种无氧性，可以至少是以过量燃料运行最接近的燃烧器，从而提前燃烧可能存在的氧气。
为了降解有毒的氰化氢，将氧气(O2)或者空气经由导管10鼓入到后置燃烧室9中，由此使氰化氢反应生成氮气(N2)、二氧化氮和水或水蒸气。最终，这种废气在其被再次用于带材预加热之后被引入至废热回收装置13。
在图2中示出了非燃烧区域7中的甲烷注入装置。此处可以看到，使甲烷在注入之前与氮气(N2)混合并且从侧面鼓送至金属带材5的两侧。
图3示出了穿过区域7的剖面。在此实现了甲烷供应，使得围绕金属带材前侧的区域以及围绕金属带材后侧的区域的甲烷都增加，从而使所有的废气14尽可能地与甲烷接触。可设想的是，在与直接燃烧区域2具有不同间距的多个位置处实现甲烷注入，例如，在与最接近的燃烧器的间距为1m、2m和3m处。
甲烷气体注入装置可以很容易地改装到现有的工厂中并且由此减少氮氧化物排放。通过本方法实现了100mg/Nm3或更低的范围内的NOx值。
当然，根据本发明的方法也可以应用于水平的或L形的直接燃烧炉中。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于在直接燃烧炉(1)中处理金属带材(5)的方法，所述金属带材(5)被引导穿过所述直接燃烧炉，其中，所述直接燃烧炉(1)由气体燃烧器直接点燃，并且，沿带材运动方向来看，所述直接燃烧炉(1)在直接燃烧区域(2)之前具有非燃烧区域(7)，所述直接燃烧区域(2)的废气流动穿过所述非燃烧区域并且预加热所述金属带材(5)，并且，所述废气(14)在所述非燃烧区域(7)之后在后置燃烧室(9)中进行后置燃烧，其特征在于，在所述非燃烧区域(7)中，将甲烷注入或者鼓入到所述废气(14)中，由此将包含在所述废气(14)中的氮氧化物转化为氰化氢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将空气或者氧气注入到所述后置燃烧室(9)中，由此降解所述氰化氢。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将甲烷注入到所述非燃烧区域(7)中之前，向所述甲烷中添加氮气。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述甲烷在多个位置处被注入到所述非燃烧区域(7)中。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述非燃烧区域(7)具有喷嘴(8)，在故障情况下经由所述喷嘴鼓入氮气以冷却所述金属带材(5)，在正常运行时则经由所述喷嘴(8)鼓入用于还原氮氧化物的甲烷。
CN201880045378.XA 2017-07-13 2018-05-29 用于减少带材处理炉中的氮氧化物的方法 Pending CN110869522A (zh)

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KR20200030066A (ko) 2020-03-19
US20210079494A1 (en) 2021-03-18
TW201908682A (zh) 2019-03-01
US11104975B2 (en) 2021-08-31
TWI670456B (zh) 2019-09-01
WO2019011517A1 (de) 2019-01-17
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