CN110867884A - 耗能模块、海上风电经柔性直流外送系统及故障穿越策略 - Google Patents

耗能模块、海上风电经柔性直流外送系统及故障穿越策略 Download PDF

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CN110867884A
CN110867884A CN201911129322.5A CN201911129322A CN110867884A CN 110867884 A CN110867884 A CN 110867884A CN 201911129322 A CN201911129322 A CN 201911129322A CN 110867884 A CN110867884 A CN 110867884A
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direct current
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offshore wind
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CN110867884B (zh
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苏匀
李少华
姚东晓
马小婷
沈开奎
蒋大海
马松江
涂小刚
李孝维
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Xi'an Duanyi Technology Co ltd
China XD Electric Co Ltd
Xian XD Power Systems Co Ltd
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Xi'an Xidian Power System Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0038Circuits or arrangements for suppressing, e.g. by masking incorrect turn-on or turn-off signals, e.g. due to current spikes in current mode control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种耗能模块、海上风电经柔性直流外送系统及故障穿越策略,应用于海上风电经柔性直流外送的系统中,直流斩波耗能模块集成于陆上换流站的MMC内部。DC Chopper采用模块化布置且与MMC的SM子模块串联在一起,DC Chopper模块中不含电容组件。当海上风电柔性直流送出系统中发生陆上站交流故障时,直流电压会急剧升高,投入一定数量的耗能模块DM,通过耗能电阻消耗盈余功率,维持系统短时稳定,待故障恢复后,退出对应耗能模块DM,完成系统的故障穿越。通过将DC Chopper模块化布置,且正常运行时处于旁路状态,不但能够实现盈余功率的精确匹配,大幅减小斩波装置投切过程的电气量波动,实现了故障穿越与隔离,而且耗能模块DM组件结构简单,经济性较好。

Description

耗能模块、海上风电经柔性直流外送系统及故障穿越策略
技术领域
本发明属于海上风电经柔性直流输电外送陆上交流系统技术领域,具体涉及一种新型的直流斩波(DC Chopper)耗能方案及其故障穿越策略。
背景技术
当海上风电经柔性直流输电送电陆上交流系统时,由于柔性直流输电系统尤其是MMC换流器技术的应用,可以有效地隔离海上风电系统的故障,防止海上孤立风电系统的故障波及陆上交流系统。但是,当陆上交流系统发生故障,导致海上风电系统的电力外送受阻,过多的能量无法送出将使直流系统产生严重的过电压,甚至会引起海上风电系统的停运,风机切机,也即陆上交流系统故障会传递至海上风电系统上。为了避免这种情况发生,阻断陆上交流系统的故障传播,通常需要在陆上换流站侧装设直流斩波DC Chopper电路来消耗此过剩的能量。DC Chopper可以采用模块化布置,也可集中式布置。前者的du/dt和di/dt变化率小,可实现平滑可控放电,但成本较高,而后者的成本较低,经济性较好,但du/dt和di/dt变化率大。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种耗能模块、海上风电经柔性直流外送系统及故障穿越策略,可有效提升海上风电柔性直流输电系统动态性能及经济性。
为达到上述目的,本发明所述一种用于直流斩波的耗能模块,包括全控型器件、二极管D、旁路开关K和耗能电阻R,所述全控型器件、二极管D、旁路开关K和耗能电阻R四者并联,所述耗能模块不含电容,从与其相邻的SM子模块取能。
进一步的,全控型器件为IGBT。
一种海上风电经柔性直流外送系统,包括海上风电场,海上风电场的电能依次经过模块化多电平换流器、直流电缆和含集成斩波器的MMC输送至陆上交流系统;其中,含集成斩波器的MMC中集成有上的耗能模块。
进一步的,含集成斩波器的MMC包括三相6个桥臂,每个桥臂由n个结构相同的SM子模块级联,并串联n个上述的耗能模块,再与一个桥臂电感L0串联而成,同相的上、下两个桥臂构成一个相单元。
进一步的,当耗能模块正常运行时,全控型器件处于开通状态,旁路开关K处于分离状态,此时耗能电阻R被旁路;当全控型器件失效时,旁路开关K闭合,以将故障的耗能模块旁路。
一种基于上述的海上风电经柔性直流外送系统的故障穿越策略,当陆上换流站发生交流故障,导致陆上换流器直流极线间的电势高于预设的过压门限时,关断部分耗能模块中的全控型器件,并旁路部分SM子模块,将直流回路上的电流导入至耗能模块中的耗能电阻R上,将能量泄放至各个耗能模块的耗能电阻R上;当直流侧系统电压恢复至正常值,且陆上交流系统恢复时,将耗能模块退出运行,实现故障穿越。
与现有技术相比,本发明至少具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明解决海上风电经柔性直流输电外送电力领域,当陆上站发生交流故障时,耗能模块DM能消耗盈余能量,避免故障扩散到海上系统,DC Choppe集成在原MMC换流器中,不改变原柔性直流输电系统的基本主回路拓扑结构,耗能模块DM结构简单,且不含电容模块,它向相邻的SM子模块取能,经济性较好。通过将DC Chopper模块化布置,且正常运行时处于旁路状态,不但能够实现盈余功率的精确匹配,大幅减小斩波装置投切过程的电气量波动,实现了故障穿越与隔离,而且DM组件结构简单,经济性较好。
一种新型的直流斩波耗能方案,耗能模块DM没有储能电容,每个模块都独立可控,进而使泄能支路的端间电压可控,避免出现电压波动大的情况,能够消除大du/dt和di/dt,保护输电设备,保障通讯;正常运行时,所有耗能模块DM模块都处于旁路状态,损耗很小。此外,每个DM模块都设置有旁路开关,防止模块拒动故障,整体可用率极高。
附图说明
图1为海上风电经柔性直流外送应用场景电气接线示意图;
图2为标准化耗能模块DM拓扑及在MMC换流器中的布置图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
参见图1,本发明的一种新型的直流斩波耗能方案及其故障穿越策略,包括风电场及其附属设备、海上换流站和陆上换流站,陆上换流站的MMC内部集成分布式直流斩波器DCChopper。海上风电场送出电能依次经过海上换流站、直流电缆、陆上换流站送入至陆上交流系统。
柔性直流输电系统可以采用对称单极接线方式,也可以采用对称双极接线方式。模块化直流耗能装置集成于模块化多电平换流器(MMC)中。在每个DM子模块内部含有一个耗能电阻R,将柔性直流输电系统所需要的耗能功率平均分配到每个DM子模块中。
参照图2,MMC及DM模块的基本拓扑结构如图2所示,它由三相6个桥臂组成,每个桥臂由若干个结构相同的SM子模块级联,并串联若干个结构相同的DM模块,然后再与一个桥臂电感L0串联而成,同相的上、下两个桥臂构成一个相单元。SM子模块可以是半桥子模块、全桥子模块或者二者的混合。
一种新型的直流斩波方案及其故障穿越策略,包括若干串联的耗能模块DM(DCChopper Module),所述耗能模块DM包括IGBT、二极管D、旁路开关K和耗能电阻R。所述的IGBT、二极管、耗能电阻及旁路开关四者并联。其中,耗能模块DM中不含电容组件,且若干个DM与换流器子模块SM串联在同一桥臂中,DM模块从与之相邻的SM模块取能。
本发明应用于海上风电经柔性直流外送系统中,DC Chopper电路布置陆上换流站中且与MMC换流器集成在一起。耗能模块DM正常运行时,IGBT处于开通状态,旁路开关K处于分离状态,此时耗能电阻R被旁路。当耗能模块DM中的IGBT失效时,合上快速旁路开关K把该故障DM旁路。
当陆上换流站发生交流故障时,造成陆上站功率送出受阻,从而导致直流侧系统电压升高,当陆上换流器直流端间的电势高于预设的过压门限时,关断部分耗能模块DM的IGBT,并旁路部分SM子模块,将直流回路上的电流导入至耗能电阻R上,将能量泄放至各个DM模块的耗能电阻R上,通过耗能电阻消耗盈余功率,维持系统短时稳定;直流侧系统电压恢复至正常值后,且当陆上交流系统恢复时,耗能模块DM退出运行,转入旁路模式,实现故障穿越。
本发明通过电力系统电磁暂态专业仿真工具PSCAD/EMTDC来编写程序、调试及验证。本策略适合海上风电经柔性直流外送的应用场景,其控制策略简单易用,可以在陆上交流系统故障的暂态过程中抑制直流系统的过电压,具有极大的工程实用价值。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于直流斩波的耗能模块,其特征在于,包括全控型器件、二极管D、旁路开关K和耗能电阻R,所述全控型器件、二极管D、旁路开关K和耗能电阻R四者并联,所述耗能模块不含电容,从与其相邻的SM子模块取能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于直流斩波的耗能模块,其特征在于,所述全控型器件为IGBT。
3.一种海上风电经柔性直流外送系统,其特征在于,包括海上风电场,所述海上风电场的电能依次经过模块化多电平换流器、直流电缆和含集成斩波器的MMC输送至陆上交流系统;其中,含集成斩波器的MMC中集成有权利要求1所述的耗能模块。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种海上风电经柔性直流外送系统,其特征在于,所述含集成斩波器的MMC包括三相6个桥臂,每个桥臂由n个结构相同的SM子模块级联,并串联n个权利要求1所述的耗能模块,再与一个桥臂电感L0串联而成,同相的上、下两个桥臂构成一个相单元。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种海上风电经柔性直流外送系统,其特征在于,当所述耗能模块正常运行时,全控型器件处于开通状态,旁路开关K处于分离状态,此时耗能电阻R被旁路;当全控型器件失效时,旁路开关K闭合,以将故障的耗能模块旁路。
6.一种基于权利要求3所述的海上风电经柔性直流外送系统的故障穿越策略,其特征在于,当陆上换流站发生交流故障,导致陆上换流器直流极线间的电势高于预设的过压门限时,关断部分耗能模块中的全控型器件,并旁路部分SM子模块,将直流回路上的电流导入至耗能模块中的耗能电阻R上,将能量泄放至各个耗能模块的耗能电阻R上;当直流侧系统电压恢复至正常值,且陆上交流系统恢复时,将耗能模块退出运行,实现故障穿越。
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CN111555334A (zh) * 2020-04-15 2020-08-18 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 一种高压直流电缆的主动放电方法、控制装置及电子设备
CN111934330A (zh) * 2020-08-24 2020-11-13 华中科技大学 海上风电经柔直并网系统交流故障下的主动能量控制方法
CN112003257A (zh) * 2020-07-29 2020-11-27 许继集团有限公司 一种防止直流耗能装置拒动的控制系统及方法
CN112366745A (zh) * 2020-10-10 2021-02-12 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种集中式模块化DC Chopper拓扑及控制方法
WO2021196563A1 (zh) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 浙江大学 一种电阻型子模块混合mmc及其直流故障处理策略
CN113671367A (zh) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-19 华北电力大学 换流阀故障自穿越等效试验方法及其应用
CN113708654A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2021-11-26 华北电力大学 集成盈余功率耗散功能的柔性直流换流阀及控制方法
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CN113708654A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2021-11-26 华北电力大学 集成盈余功率耗散功能的柔性直流换流阀及控制方法
CN113671367A (zh) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-19 华北电力大学 换流阀故障自穿越等效试验方法及其应用
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CN113972688A (zh) * 2021-10-22 2022-01-25 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 海上风电经dr-mmc并联混合直流送出系统启动方法
CN117134402A (zh) * 2022-05-20 2023-11-28 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 直流输电系统用的耗储一体换流器及其控制方法
CN115173456A (zh) * 2022-05-23 2022-10-11 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 一种海上柔性直流海缆永久性故障穿越方法

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