CN110863821B - Method for detecting lost circulation while drilling by using low-conductivity indicating additive - Google Patents

Method for detecting lost circulation while drilling by using low-conductivity indicating additive Download PDF

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CN110863821B
CN110863821B CN201911397085.0A CN201911397085A CN110863821B CN 110863821 B CN110863821 B CN 110863821B CN 201911397085 A CN201911397085 A CN 201911397085A CN 110863821 B CN110863821 B CN 110863821B
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resistance data
conductivity
lost circulation
lateral
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杨孛
伍翊嘉
赵辉
赵磊
任兴国
戴勇
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China National Petroleum Corp
CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co Ltd
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CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for detecting lost circulation while drilling by using a low-conductivity indicator additive, which comprises the following steps: adding a low conductivity indicator additive to the drilling fluid; respectively arranging first to fourth conductivity probes capable of respectively measuring first to fourth resistance data of first to fourth lateral positions in real time on the drilling tool and advancing along with the drilling of the drill bit; and judging and determining the leakage grade parameter and/or the leakage position of the target leakage layer according to the first to fourth resistance data. The low-conductivity indicating additive with quantitative and volume percentage concentration is added into the drilling fluid, and the probe arranged while drilling is used for detecting the keeping and loss conditions of the additive in a drilling fluid circulation-while-drilling system, so that the position of the lost circulation can be effectively traced, the strength of the lost circulation can be judged, and the detection speed and accuracy can be improved.

Description

Method for detecting lost circulation while drilling by using low-conductivity indicating additive
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling fluid loss detection of petroleum and natural gas drilling, in particular to a method for detecting lost circulation while drilling by using a low-conductivity indicating additive.
Background
Generally, the loss of drilling fluid into the formation or other interbedded formations through the exposed formation or through the missing damaged casing during the drilling and completion process is referred to as fluid loss, lost circulation, or lost circulation. The problems of instability of well walls, collapse caused by leakage and blowout caused by the leakage are main technical bottlenecks which restrict the speed of oil and gas exploration and development for a long time, and the leakage not only brings loss to drilling engineering, but also brings great difficulty to the exploration and development of oil and gas resources. If the leakage is not found in time or the depth of the leakage is not clear, the well kick or blowout is often caused, so that the life and property loss is caused, the drilling construction period is greatly influenced, and the drilling cost is increased. Lost circulation is so important for quality and safety control of the drilling process, and how to quickly and accurately find lost circulation becomes a focus of industrial attention, but due to the lack of mature and reliable identification technology, the finding and detection of lost circulation has been regarded as one of the worldwide problems in drilling engineering.
The inventor shows that the key to solving the lost circulation discrimination problem lies in two points: determining the location of the lost circulation and calculating the strength of the lost circulation. If the lost circulation can be determined and the grade of the lost circulation is calculated on the basis of timely finding the lost circulation by cutting into the lost circulation identification research based on the key points, the lost circulation can be effectively found and evaluated, the influence of the lost circulation on well drilling is prevented or slowed down by taking corresponding measures, well drilling accidents are prevented, and the safety of well drilling and the efficiency improvement and acceleration are improved.
The existing method for analyzing the leakage position of the drilling fluid generally adopts a comprehensive analysis method, does not have the capability of accurately and timely positioning the leakage position, increases the difficulty for stopping leakage, and mostly adopts instrument measurement methods, namely a spiral flowmeter method, a well temperature measurement method and the like if the leakage position needs to be determined, so that the methods generally lack timeliness, the construction period can be greatly prolonged, and the drilling cost is increased.
The Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN108729868A and the publication date of 2018, 11 and 02 discloses a deep sea drilling overflow and lost circulation monitoring method. By analysis, the inventors showed that: the main disadvantages of the existing method include: 1. the discovery time is lagged for passive discovery and detection; 2. the detection carrier is only one drilling fluid originally filled or mixed with formation fluid, and cannot be adjusted and switched according to different formation properties; 3. the method is characterized in that a mass flowmeter is additionally arranged and the volume of the drilling fluid is measured, so that the method is single in physical property measurement, and the whole measurement system and a circulating manifold system of the fluid to be detected and the drilling fluid are huge, so that the accurate measurement is difficult; 4. because the metering equipment is arranged on the ground, the controlled influence factors come from a plurality of aspects such as underground, ground and the like, and an indirect measurement and detection method is adopted, the accurate positioning of the lost circulation position is difficult to realize; 5. because the measuring equipment is installed on the ground, the lost circulation is judged by volume measurement, and because the instrument is installed at a wellhead, if the leaking layer leaks again, the drilling layer or the leaking layer cannot be determined to leak again.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of detecting lost circulation of drilling fluid during drilling and completion while drilling.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for detecting lost circulation while drilling with a low conductivity indicating additive, the method comprising adding a low conductivity indicating additive having a resistance greater than the formation resistance to the drilling fluid; respectively arranging a first conductivity probe capable of measuring first resistance data of a first lateral position in real time, a second conductivity probe capable of measuring second resistance data of a second lateral position in real time, a third conductivity probe capable of measuring third resistance data of a third lateral position in real time, and a fourth conductivity probe capable of measuring fourth resistance data of a fourth lateral position in real time on a drilling tool and traveling along with the drilling tool, wherein the first and second lateral positions are equal to the drilling tool in distance and the first lateral position is less than the second lateral position and the center line of the drilling tool in distance, the third and fourth lateral positions are equal to the drilling tool in distance and the third lateral position is less than the fourth lateral position and the center line, and the first lateral position is less than the third conductivity probe and the drilling tool in distance, the first and third lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline, and the second and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline; judging to obtain a target leakage layer through the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the target leakage layer, wherein the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the target leakage layer all meet the following conditions: the first resistance data is an abnormally high value while the second resistance data is a normal value, and the third resistance data is an abnormally high value while the fourth resistance data is an abnormally high value or a normal value, the abnormally high value being higher than the normal value.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method calculates the lost circulation level parameter of the target lost circulation zone by using formula 1, where formula 1 is:
Figure BDA0002346599910000021
wherein, k (x) D ) The leak level determination parameter, x, for depth point D 1D =lnR 1 ,x 3D =lnR 3 ,R 1 And R 3 First and third resistance values T of the depth point D D The absolute value of the time difference of the first and third conductivity probes passing through the depth point D is alpha, which is a volume conversion coefficient.
In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method determines the lost circulation position of the target lost circulation layer by equation 2, where equation 2 is:
H k =P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the third conductivity probe to the drill bit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a process flow diagram of one exemplary embodiment of a method of detecting and determining lost circulation while drilling with the low conductivity indicator additive of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a process flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a method of detecting and determining lost circulation while drilling with the low conductivity indicator additive of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a lost circulation discrimination pattern chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method of detecting and determining lost circulation while drilling with the low conductivity indicator additive of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the method for detecting lost circulation while drilling by using the low conductivity indicator additive of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments. The method can solve the problem that the drilling fluid is cut and broken by the drill bit and is exposed in a mixed fluid system filled with the drilling fluid and the formation fluid in the drilling process, and the generated drilling fluid is separated from the mixed fluid system through the cutting surface due to pressure difference, enters the formation and loses the control of a drilling fluid circulating system to enter the formation to generate leakage.
FIG. 1 illustrates a process flow diagram of one exemplary embodiment of a method of detecting and determining lost circulation while drilling with the low conductivity indicator additive of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, in one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method for detecting lost circulation while drilling with a low conductivity indicator additive is implemented by:
adding a low conductivity indicator additive having a resistance greater than the formation resistance to the drilling fluid;
first to fourth conductivity probes capable of measuring first to fourth resistance data corresponding to the first to fourth lateral positions in real time respectively are provided on the drilling tool and are advanced along with drilling of the drill bit, wherein the first and second lateral positions are equidistant from the drill bit and the first lateral position is equidistant from the centerline of the drilling tool less than the second lateral position is equidistant from the centerline, the third and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the drill bit and the third lateral position is equidistant from the centerline of the drilling tool less than the fourth lateral position, the first lateral position is equidistant from the drill bit less than the third conductive probe, the first and third lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline, and the second and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline;
judging to obtain a target leakage layer through the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the target leakage layer, wherein the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the target leakage layer all meet the following conditions: the first resistance data is an abnormally high value while the second resistance data is a normal value, and the third resistance data is an abnormally high value while the fourth resistance data is an abnormally high value or a normal value, the abnormally high value being higher than the normal value. The fourth resistance data is specifically an abnormally high value or a normal value, and can be determined according to the drilling rate, the lost circulation rate and the distance between the fourth conductivity probe and the drill bit, but the depth point can be determined to be in the target lost circulation layer with lost circulation no matter the fourth resistance data is the abnormally high value or the normal value.
In addition, it should be noted that the step of adding the conductivity indicating additive to the drilling fluid and the step of disposing the first to fourth conductivity probes on the drilling tool may be performed sequentially or simultaneously. Here, the first, second, third, and fourth lateral positions correspond to first, second, third, and fourth radial detection ranges around the centerline of the drill string.
FIG. 2 illustrates a process flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a method of detecting and determining lost circulation while drilling with the low conductivity indicator additive of the present invention.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a method for detecting lost circulation while drilling with a low conductivity indicator additive comprises the steps of:
1) determining the type and dosage of a low conductivity indicator additive (also referred to as a low conductivity indicator or indicator);
2) the method comprises the following steps that (1) conductivity detectors (namely, a first conductivity probe, a second conductivity probe, a third conductivity probe and a fourth conductivity probe) are additionally arranged on a drilling tool part close to a drill bit in pairs and used for detecting the outer annular space between the outer side of the drilling tool and a stratum cutting surface exposed after the drilling tool is crushed by the drill bit in a detection range and the content change condition of an indicating additive in a stratum range with preset conductivity depth (for example, 1-3 meters);
3) establishing a discrimination mode for judging that the drilling fluid carrying the indicative additive enters the stratum condition through the leakage phenomenon according to the conductivity reading change condition of the detector;
4) determining the location of the drilling fluid loss and/or determining the loss strength.
The low conductivity indicating additive is a high resistivity conductivity indicating additive having an electrical resistance greater than the average electrical resistance of the formation. Here, the dosage of the indicating additive to the wellbore drilling fluid can be determined based on the formation properties to be measured and the physical differences between the additive and the conductivity detected using the detector.
In step 1), the drilling fluid is saturated in a container which is closed on the earth surface and is not influenced by environmental electromagnetism through a simulation test, and the lowest dosage volume percentage concentration Mg capable of detecting the mixed conductivity indicating additive is determined r And if the well bore is pumped into the circulating drilling fluid, the volume total amount of the part to be pumped in the underground circulation and the ground is U, then:
conductivity feature-indicating additive mass M to ensure that the probe volume percent concentration is reached r Is M r =Mg r ·U。
In addition, in the drilling process, the drilling fluid may be influenced by lost circulation, surface manifold sedimentation, underground drilling tool adhesion, leakage of an open channel through which the drilling fluid flows, such as a vibrating screen and the like, and the drilling fluid including the indicating additive adopted by the invention may be lost, so that the detection effect of a detector is reduced, and the data analysis and application of the subsequent steps are possibly influenced. Thus, drilling fluid sampling, volume percent concentration detection, and timely replenishment of the indicative additives may be performed in either of the following situations: a. at the completion of every 30 cycles; b. before and after the drilling fluid is treated; c. deviation of more than 20% occurs between the instrument reading and manual counting, the instrument reading refers to the reading of drilling fluid detected by a surface detection instrument before entering a shaft, and the manual counting refers to the value manually measured by the drilling fluid returned from the shaft; d. situations occur where a large scale oil and gas water leak display occurs, including drilling fluid lost circulation.
In addition, under the condition that no test and detection conditions are met, quantitative feeding of an indicative additive is carried out, the fact that the adding dosage of each liter of drilling fluid is g is determined through the test, the difference of the conductivity of each liter of drilling fluid is required to be the same as that of a stratum to be detected, the adding dosage of each liter of drilling fluid is determined according to the difference of parameters of the stratum to be detected, hydrogen column elements with the mass-volume ratio of 100Mg/L are added according to the volume condition of a shaft in the drilling process according to the stratum characteristics and the additive difference condition, and the total mass Mg resident in the shaft is 100 XU is 100 Umg.
In the step 2), the conductivity detectors are added in pairs at the part of the drilling tool close to the drill bit, and each conductivity detector is provided with a pair of probes and comprises a far-end probe group of the drill bit and a near-end probe group of the drill bit, wherein the far-end probe group and the near-end probe group of the conductivity detector respectively comprise a deep detection range probe and a shallow detection range probe. For example, taking the lateral resistance as an example, the distal pair of probes is composed of a third conductive probe and a fourth conductive probe, and the lateral (corresponding to the radial) probing depth of the third conductive probe is smaller than the lateral (corresponding to the radial) probing depth of the fourth conductive probe. The proximal paired probe group is composed of a first conductive probe and a second conductive probe, and the lateral probing depth of the first conductive probe is smaller than that of the second conductive probe. Here, the first, second, third, and fourth lateral positions correspond to a first, second, third, and fourth radial detection range around the centerline of the drill string. For example, the detection range of the second and fourth conductive probes can be about 2-3 meters; the detection range of the first and third conductive probes can be about 0.5-1 m. The first and second conductivity probes may be integrally formed as a proximal electrode to detect deep lateral and shallow lateral data, respectively, of the proximal end of the drill bit; the third and fourth conductivity probes may be integrally formed as distal electrodes to detect deep lateral and shallow lateral data, respectively, of the distal end of the drill bit. The "deep lateral direction" corresponds to a deep radial extent, and the "shallow lateral direction" corresponds to a shallow radial extent.
The lost circulation discrimination mode based on the conductivity detector may be as follows:
taking lateral resistance as an example, when well leakage occursIs carved as t 0 The current depth of the drill bit is H 0 The contact time of the proximal probe group (i.e. the first conductive probe and the second conductive probe) of the conductive probe is t 1 Contact depth (i.e., depth from the ground) of H 1 The contact time of the distal probe group (i.e., the third conductivity probe and the fourth conductivity probe) of the conductivity probe is t 2 A contact depth of H 2 And the reading of the near-end deep lateral probe at the well depth H position of the suspected well leakage to be detected in a meter is recorded as XJ d (i.e., second resistance data), the proximal shallow lateral probe reading is recorded as XJ s (i.e., first resistance data), distal deep lateral probe readings are recorded as XY d (i.e., fourth resistance data), distal shallow lateral probe readings are recorded as XY s (i.e., third resistance data) with a distal and proximal probe mounting spacing of M-H 2 -H 1
(i) And no well leakage occurs during normal drilling
The following relationships exist for the near and far probe readings at well depth H:
XJ d =XY d and XJ s =XY s
At this time, the reading of the probe without the occurrence of the lost circulation during the normal drilling is used as a normal value (also referred to as a reference value), for example, the first, second, third or fourth resistance data corresponding to the situation is used as a normal value, or the average value of the first, second, third and fourth resistance data is used as a normal value.
(ii) The situation of well leakage at a certain depth point for the first time during drilling
Setting time of lost circulation when adding high resistivity conductivity indicating additive 0 Before the time t when the near-end probe of the conductivity detector reaches the well depth of the well leakage 1 If the near-end detector is delayed from the actual lost circulation occurrence time by t1-t0, the delay time of the far-end probe is t2-t1, and the delay travel is M, at this time, the reading of the near-end probe and the reading of the far-end probe have a certain difference, and the original stratum XJ is assumed s =XJ d Then, there are:
XJ s -XJ d > 0, and XY d And XY s Are all abnormally high values; or XY d Is abnormally high value, and
XY s is a normal value.
That is, the conductivity detector (e.g., the first, second, third, and fourth conductivity probes) is used to detect the change of the resistivity parameter after the conductivity indicating additive enters the formation, and since the conductivity indicating additive added into the drilling fluid system is a high-resistance substance, if the formation leaks, the resistivity logging while drilling has a significant resistivity increase trend, and this is used as the leak detection determination parameter. In this case, a case where a well leakage occurs at a well depth or an interval where the well leakage occurs will occur simultaneously with a shallow lateral (e.g., a first lateral position) abnormally high value and a deep lateral (e.g., a second lateral position) normal value in a proximal probe set of the conductive probe, and a case where a shallow lateral (e.g., a third lateral position) abnormally high value and a deep lateral (e.g., a fourth lateral position) abnormally high value or a normal value in a distal probe set of the conductive probe. For example, a resistance curve based on a lost circulation discrimination pattern of a low conductivity indicating additive and its probe may be as shown in FIG. 3.
In the step 4), the judgment based on the conductivity detector and the conductivity indicating additive leakage position and the analysis of the leakage condition are as follows:
let the resistivity value of a certain depth D of the formation be R, x be the logarithmic expression of the resistivity value x ═ lnR, so the first, second, third and fourth resistivity data correspond to x respectively 1 、x 2 、x 3 And x 4 The curves of the bars are shown as,
Figure BDA0002346599910000071
wherein the coefficient of difference in conductivity is D e I.e. D e >0.2 judge as lost circulation, x 1D First resistance data, x, for depth D points 3D The third resistance data is depth D point. If D is e If the value is greater than 0.2, the well leakage can be judged as D of the continuous depth section e All values are greater than 0.2, namely judgingIs a lost circulation section.
The lost circulation location may satisfy the following equation:
H k =P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the distal electrode to the drill bit.
While the lost circulation rating may be determined by:
Figure BDA0002346599910000072
wherein, k (x) D ) The leak level judgment parameter, x, for the depth D point 1D =lnR 1 ,x 3D =lnR 3 ,R 1 And R 3 First and third resistance values T of the depth point D D The time from the near electrode depth D point to the far electrode passing the depth D point, the distance between the far electrode and the near electrode is determined by the drilling tool assembly, alpha is a volume conversion coefficient, and the conversion coefficients of the indicators with different concentrations and volumes are different and can be determined through experiments. The lost circulation grade of the lost circulation section may be determined by averaging.
Therefore, the judgment of the leakage position of the drilling fluid based on the conductivity indicating additive and the analysis of the leakage condition in the drilling process are completed through the steps.
In summary, advantages of the invention include one or more of the following:
1. by adding the quantitative indicating additive with the volume percentage concentration kept in the drilling fluid and detecting the keeping and loss conditions of the additive in a drilling fluid circulation while drilling system by using a probe arranged while drilling, the position of the lost circulation while drilling can be effectively traced and the strength of the lost circulation while drilling can be judged.
2. By adopting the active near-bit while drilling real-time detection, the discovery time is not influenced by the upward return time of the drilling fluid and the manifold delay, the performance is better in the aspect of discovery time, and the discovery and detection speed is faster.
3. The method can judge and identify physical and chemical properties according to the difference of the drilling fluid, the stratum and the indicative additive in the aspect of conductivity, the detector is close to the effective position of the additive, the detection counting time and the time difference of the detected lost circulation event are detected, and the measurement is more direct and accurate.
4. The additive and the detector are arranged at the position close to the near drill bit close to the latest drilling and uncovering well depth in the well, so that the interference of a shaft system and the ground is less, and the well leakage position can be further accurately and directly determined.
5. It can be determined whether the leaking layer leaks again once, for example, whether the leaking layer leaks again or not is determined, and if the leaking layer is found not to leak and the drilling fluid is abnormally reduced, the leaking layer leaks again, then the leaking layer is determined.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims (2)

1. A method for detecting lost circulation while drilling with a low conductivity indicator additive, comprising adding to the drilling fluid a low conductivity indicator additive having a resistance greater than the formation resistance; arranging a first conductivity probe capable of measuring first resistance data of a first lateral position in real time, a second conductivity probe capable of measuring second resistance data of a second lateral position in real time, a third conductivity probe capable of measuring third resistance data of a third lateral position in real time, and a fourth conductivity probe capable of measuring fourth resistance data of a fourth lateral position in real time on the drilling tool and advancing along with the drilling tool, respectively, wherein the first and second lateral positions are equal to the drilling tool in distance and the first lateral position is less than the second lateral position and the center line of the drilling tool, the third and fourth lateral positions are equal to the drilling tool in distance and the third lateral position is less than the fourth lateral position and the center line of the drilling tool, the first lateral position is less than the third conductivity probe and the drilling tool in distance, the first and third lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline, and the second and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline;
judging to obtain a target leakage layer through the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the target leakage layer, wherein the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the target leakage layer all meet the following conditions: the first resistance data is an abnormal high value while the second resistance data is a normal value, the third resistance data is an abnormal high value, the fourth resistance data is an abnormal high value or a normal value, and the abnormal high value is higher than the normal value;
wherein, the method calculates the well leakage level parameter of the target leakage layer by the formula 1,
the formula 1 is:
Figure FDA0003800508540000011
wherein, k (x) D ) The leak level judgment parameter, x, for the depth point D 1D =lnR 1 ,x 3D =lnR 3 ,R 1 And R 3 First and third resistance data, T, for depth point D, respectively D The absolute value of the time difference of the first and third conductivity probes passing through the depth point D is alpha, which is a volume conversion coefficient.
2. The method for detecting lost circulation while drilling with the low conductivity indicator additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method determines the lost circulation position of the target lost circulation layer by equation 2,
the formula 2 is:
H k =P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the third conductivity probe to the drill bit.
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