CN110847896B - Active detection method for lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a well leakage while drilling active detection method with high accuracy, which comprises the following steps: detecting lost circulation by using a high-conductivity indicating additive to obtain a first lost circulation grade parameter and/or a first lost circulation position of a target lost circulation layer; detecting the lost circulation by using the radioactive indicative additive to obtain a second lost circulation grade parameter and/or a second lost circulation position of the target lost circulation layer; and comprehensively comparing the first and second lost circulation level parameters, and/or comprehensively comparing the first and second lost circulation positions to obtain more accurate lost circulation positions and/or lost circulation level parameters. According to the invention, the high-conductivity and radioactive indicating additive with quantitative and volume percentage concentration is added into the drilling fluid, the retention and loss conditions of the additive in a drilling fluid circulation while drilling system are respectively detected by two types of probes arranged while drilling, and comprehensive analysis and judgment are carried out, so that the position of the lost circulation while drilling and the strength of the lost circulation while drilling can be accurately and stably traced, and the detection accuracy is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling fluid loss detection of petroleum and natural gas drilling, in particular to a high-accuracy active detection method for well loss while drilling, which can comprehensively utilize high-conductivity indicating additives and radioactive indicating additives.
Background
Generally, the loss of drilling fluid into the formation or other interbedded formations through the exposed formation or through the missing damaged casing during the drilling and completion process is referred to as fluid loss, lost circulation, or lost circulation. The problems of borehole instability, collapse due to leakage and blowout caused by the leakage are the main technical bottlenecks which restrict the oil-gas exploration and development speed for a long time, and the occurrence of the leakage not only brings loss to the drilling engineering, but also brings great difficulty to the exploration and development of oil-gas resources. If the leakage is not found in time or the depth of the leakage is not clear, the well kick or blowout is often caused, so that the life and property loss is caused, the drilling period is greatly influenced, and the drilling cost is increased. Lost circulation is so important for quality and safety control of the drilling process, and how to quickly and accurately find lost circulation becomes a focus of industrial attention, but due to the lack of mature and reliable identification technology, the finding and detection of lost circulation has been regarded as one of the worldwide problems in drilling engineering.
The inventor shows that the key to solving the lost circulation discrimination problem lies in two points: determining the location of the lost circulation and calculating the strength of the lost circulation. If the lost circulation can be determined and the grade of the lost circulation is calculated on the basis of timely finding the lost circulation by cutting into the lost circulation identification research based on the key points, the lost circulation can be effectively found and evaluated, the influence of the lost circulation on well drilling is prevented or slowed down by taking corresponding measures, well drilling accidents are prevented, and the safety of well drilling and the efficiency improvement and acceleration are improved.
The existing method for analyzing the leakage position of the drilling fluid generally adopts a comprehensive analysis method, does not have the capability of accurately and timely positioning the leakage position, increases the difficulty for stopping leakage, and mostly adopts instrument measurement methods, namely a spiral flowmeter method, a well temperature measurement method and the like if the leakage position needs to be determined, so that the methods generally lack timeliness, the construction period can be greatly prolonged, and the drilling cost is increased.
The Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN108729868A and the publication date of 2018, 11 and 02 discloses a deep sea drilling overflow and lost circulation monitoring method. Upon analysis, the inventors showed that: the main disadvantages of the existing method include: 1. the discovery time is lagged for passive discovery and detection; 2. the detection carrier is only one drilling fluid originally filled or mixed with formation fluid, and cannot be adjusted and switched according to different formation properties; 3. the method is characterized in that a mass flowmeter is additionally arranged and the volume of the drilling fluid is measured, so that the method is single in physical property measurement, and the whole measurement system and a circulating manifold system of the fluid to be detected and the drilling fluid are huge, so that the accurate measurement is difficult; 4. because the metering equipment is arranged on the ground, the controlled influence factors come from a plurality of aspects such as underground, ground and the like, and an indirect measurement and detection method is adopted, the accurate positioning of the lost circulation position is difficult to realize; 5. because the measuring equipment is installed on the ground, the lost circulation is judged by volume measurement, and because the instrument is installed at a wellhead, if the lost circulation layer leaks again, the drilling layer or the lost circulation layer cannot be determined to leak again.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to address at least one of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. For example, it is an object of the present invention to provide a system capable of detecting while drilling fluid lost circulation during the drilling and completion process. One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a system capable of more accurately or more stably detecting the lost circulation of drilling fluid during the drilling and completion process while drilling.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an active detection method of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy, which comprises the following steps: detecting the lost circulation by using a high-conductivity indicating additive, and judging to obtain information of a first target lost circulation layer; detecting the lost circulation by using radioactive indicative additives, and judging to obtain information of a second target lost circulation layer; and comprehensively comparing the information of the first target leakage layer with the information of the second target leakage layer to obtain more accurate information of the target leakage layer.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting lost circulation using a high conductivity indicating additive may comprise the sub-steps of: adding a high conductivity indicating additive having a resistance less than the formation resistance to the drilling fluid; respectively arranging a first conductive probe capable of measuring first resistance data of a first lateral position in real time, a second conductive probe capable of measuring second resistance data of a second lateral position in real time, a third conductive probe capable of measuring third resistance data of a third lateral position in real time, and a fourth conductive probe capable of measuring fourth resistance data of a fourth lateral position in real time on a drilling tool and traveling along with the drilling tool, wherein the first and second lateral positions are equal to the distance between the drilling tool and the drilling tool, the distance between the first lateral position and the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the second lateral position and the central line, the distance between the third lateral position and the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the fourth lateral position and the central line, the distance between the first lateral position and the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the third conductive probe and the drilling tool, the first and third lateral positions are equal to the distance between the central line, and the second and fourth lateral positions are equal to the distance between the central line; judging to obtain a first target leakage layer through the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the first target leakage layer, wherein the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the first target leakage layer all meet the following conditions: the first resistance data is an abnormally low value while the second resistance data is a normal value, and the third resistance data is an abnormally low value while the fourth resistance data is an abnormally low value or a normal value, and the abnormally low value is smaller than the normal value.
Further, the method can calculate the lost circulation grade parameter of the first target lost circulation layer through formula 1, and/or determine the lost circulation position of the first target lost circulation layer through formula 2.
The formula 1 is:
wherein, k (x) D ) The leak level determination parameter, x, for depth point D 1D ＝lnR 1 ，x 3D ＝lnR 3 ，R 1 And R 3 First and third resistance values, T, of the depth point D D And alpha is a volume conversion coefficient, and is the absolute value of the time difference of the first conductivity probe and the third conductivity probe passing through the depth point D.
The formula 2 is:
H k ＝P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the third conductivity probe to the drill bit.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting lost circulation using a radioactive indicating additive may include the sub-steps of: adding a radioactive indicating additive to the drilling fluid; respectively arranging a first radioactive probe capable of measuring first radioactive data of a first position in real time and a second radioactive probe capable of measuring second radioactive data of a second position in real time on the drilling tool and accompanying the drilling head to travel, wherein the distance between the first position and the drilling head is smaller than the distance between the second position and the drilling head; and judging to obtain a second target leakage layer through the first and second radioactive data of each depth point, wherein the first and second radioactive data of each depth point in the second target leakage layer both meet the following requirements: the first radioactivity data is a normal condition value, the second radioactivity data is an abnormal condition value, and the second radioactivity data is higher than the first radioactivity data.
Further, the method can calculate the lost circulation grade parameter of the second target lost circulation layer through formula 3, and/or determine the lost circulation position of the second target lost circulation layer through formula 4.
The formula 3 is:
wherein Q (D) is a second leakage grade judgment parameter of the depth point D, GR 1 And GR 2 First and second reflectivity data, T, for a depth point D, respectively D 'is the absolute value of the time difference between the first and second radioactive probes passing through the depth point D, and alpha' is the second volume transformation coefficient.
The formula 4 is:
H k ′＝P-L′
wherein the well leakage position of the second target leakage layer is H k ', L' is the distance from the second radiation probe to the drill bit.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting lost circulation using the high conductivity indicating additive may further include the sub-step of judging and timely supplementing the drilling fluid with the high conductivity indicating additive according to a sampling result of the drilling fluid under the first predetermined condition.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the step of detecting lost circulation using the radioactivity indicating additive may further include the sub-step of judging and timely passing through replenishment of the radioactivity indicating additive into the drilling fluid according to a sampling result of the drilling fluid under the second predetermined condition.
Here, the first or second predetermined condition may include any one of: when every 30 cycle weeks are completed; b. before and after the drilling fluid is treated; c. deviation of more than 20% occurs between the reading of the instrument and manual counting, the reading of the instrument refers to the reading of the drilling fluid detected by an earth surface detection instrument before entering a shaft, and the manual counting refers to the value manually measured by the drilling fluid returned from the shaft; d. situations occur where a large scale oil and gas water leak display occurs, including drilling fluid lost circulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an active leak-while-drilling detection method with high accuracy of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a process flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment of an active leak-while-drilling detection method with high accuracy of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating a high conductivity indicating additive lost circulation discrimination pattern in an exemplary embodiment of a method of active while drilling lost circulation detection with high accuracy of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a radioactive indicative additive lost circulation discrimination pattern diagram in an exemplary embodiment of an active method of detecting lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the active detection method of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. The method can solve the problem that the drilling fluid is cut and broken by the drill bit and is exposed in a mixed fluid system filled with the drilling fluid and the formation fluid in the drilling process, and the generated drilling fluid is separated from the mixed fluid system through the cutting surface due to pressure difference and enters the formation and loses the control of a drilling fluid circulating system to enter the formation to be leaked.
FIG. 1 shows a process flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the active while-drilling lost circulation detection method with high accuracy of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, in an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method for actively detecting lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy comprises the following steps: detecting the lost circulation by using a high-conductivity indicative additive, and judging to obtain information of a first target lost circulation layer; detecting the lost circulation by using radioactive indicative additives, and judging to obtain information of a second target lost circulation layer; and comprehensively comparing the information of the first target leakage layer with the information of the second target leakage layer to obtain more accurate information of the target leakage layer.
Specifically, the step of detecting lost circulation using a high conductivity indicating additive may be accomplished by:
adding a high conductivity indicating additive having a resistance less than the formation resistance to the drilling fluid;
disposing first to fourth conductive probes capable of measuring first to fourth electrical resistance data corresponding to the first to fourth lateral positions, respectively, in real time on the drilling tool and accompanying the drilling travel of the drill bit, respectively, wherein the first and second lateral positions are equidistant from the drill bit and the first lateral position is equidistant from the centerline of the drilling tool and is less than the second lateral position, the third and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the drill bit and the third lateral position is equidistant from the centerline of the drilling tool and is less than the fourth lateral position, the first lateral position is equidistant from the drill bit and is less than the third conductive probe, the first and third lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline, and the second and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline;
judging to obtain a first target leakage layer through the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the first target leakage layer, wherein the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the first target leakage layer all meet the following conditions: the first resistance data is an abnormally low value while the second resistance data is a normal value, and the third resistance data is an abnormally low value while the fourth resistance data is an abnormally low value or a normal value, and the abnormally low value is smaller than the normal value. Here, the fourth resistance data is specifically an abnormally low value or a normal value, and may be determined according to the drilling rate, the lost circulation rate, and the distance between the fourth conductive probe and the drill bit, but the depth point may be determined to be in the target lost circulation zone where the lost circulation occurs, regardless of whether the fourth resistance data is an abnormally low value or a normal value at this time.
In addition, it should be noted that the step of adding the conductivity indicating additive to the drilling fluid and the step of disposing the first to fourth conductivity probes on the drilling tool may be performed in sequence or simultaneously. Here, the first, second, third, and fourth lateral positions correspond to first, second, third, and fourth radial detection ranges around the centerline of the drill string.
The step of detecting lost circulation using a radioactive indicating additive may be accomplished by:
adding a radioactive indicating additive to the drilling fluid;
respectively arranging a first radioactive probe capable of measuring first radioactive data of a first position in real time and a second radioactive probe capable of measuring second radioactive data of a second position in real time on the drilling tool and accompanying the drilling head to travel, wherein the distance between the first position and the drilling head is smaller than the distance between the second position and the drilling head;
judging to obtain a second target leakage layer through the first and second radioactive data of each depth point, wherein the first and second radioactive data of each depth point in the second target leakage layer both meet the following requirements: the first radioactivity data is a normal case value, the second radioactivity data is an abnormal case value, and the second radioactivity data is higher than the first radioactivity data.
In addition, it should be noted that the step of adding the radioactive indication additive to the drilling fluid and the step of respectively arranging the first and second radioactive probes on the drilling tool may be performed sequentially or simultaneously.
FIG. 2 shows a process flow diagram of another exemplary embodiment of the active leak-while-drilling detection method of the present invention with high accuracy.
In another exemplary embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the active detection method of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy comprises the following steps:
1) Determining the type and dosage of radioactive and conductivity-indicating additives (also referred to as conductivity indicators and radioactive indicators, respectively);
2) Respectively installing a conductivity detector (namely, a first conductivity probe, a second conductivity probe, a third conductivity probe, a fourth conductivity probe and a first radioactive probe and a second radioactive probe) and a radioactive detector (namely, a first radioactive probe and a second radioactive probe) on a drill part close to a drill bit, and respectively detecting the external annular space between the outer side of the drill and a cutting surface of a stratum exposed after being crushed by the drill bit in a detection range and the content change condition of an indicating additive in a stratum range with conductivity (for example, the depth is 1-3 m) or radioactivity (for example, the depth is 10-30 cm);
3) Establishing a discrimination mode for judging that the drilling fluid carrying the indicative additive enters the stratum condition through the leakage phenomenon according to the conductivity reading change condition of the detector;
4) And judging the position of the drilling fluid loss and/or determining the loss strength.
Here, the dosage of the indicating additive to the wellbore drilling fluid is determined based on the formation properties to be measured and the physical differences between the additive and the conductivity or radioactivity detected by the detector.
For the conductive indicating additive while-drilling detection lost circulation device, the following concrete steps can be adopted:
the conductivity indicating additive may be a high conductivity indicating additive having an electrical resistance less than the average electrical resistance of the formation.
In step 1), the drilling fluid is saturated in a container which is closed on the earth surface and is not influenced by environmental electromagnetism through a simulation test, and the lowest dosage volume percentage concentration Mg capable of detecting the mixed conductivity indicating additive is determined r And if the well bore is pumped into the circulating drilling fluid, the volume total amount of the part to be pumped in the underground circulation and the ground is U, then:
conductivity feature-indicating additive mass M to ensure that the probe volume percent concentration is reached r Is composed of
M r ＝Mg r ·U。
In addition, in the drilling process, the drilling fluid may be influenced by lost circulation, surface manifold sedimentation, underground drilling tool adhesion, open channel running loss of the vibrating screen and other drilling fluids flowing through, and the drilling fluid including the indicating additive adopted by the invention may be lost, so that the detection effect of a detector is reduced, and the data analysis and application of the subsequent steps may be influenced. Therefore, drilling fluid sampling, volume percent concentration detection and timely replenishment of the indicative additives can be performed in any of the following situations: a. when every 30 cycle weeks are completed; b. before and after the drilling fluid is treated; c. deviation of more than 20% occurs between the reading of the instrument and manual counting, the reading of the instrument refers to the reading of the drilling fluid detected by an earth surface detection instrument before entering a shaft, and the manual counting refers to the value manually measured by the drilling fluid returned from the shaft; d. situations occur where a large scale oil and gas water leak display occurs, including drilling fluid lost circulation.
In addition, under the condition that no test and detection conditions are met, quantitative feeding of an indicating additive is carried out, the fact that the adding dosage of each liter of drilling fluid is g is determined through the test, the conductivity of the drilling fluid is required to be the same as that of a stratum to be detected according to the parameter difference, the adding dosage of the indicating additive is 100Mg/L of hydrogen column elements according to the volume condition of a shaft in the drilling process according to the stratum characteristics and the additive difference condition, and the total mass Mg =100 xU =100Umg resident in the shaft.
In the step 2), the conductivity detectors are added in pairs at the part of the drilling tool close to the drill bit, and each conductivity detector is provided with a pair of probes and comprises a far-end probe group of the drill bit and a near-end probe group of the drill bit, wherein the far-end probe group and the near-end probe group of the conductivity detector respectively comprise a deep detection range probe and a shallow detection range probe. For example, taking the lateral resistance as an example, the distal pair of probes is composed of a third conductivity probe and a fourth conductivity probe, and the lateral probing depth of the third conductivity probe is smaller than that of the fourth conductivity probe. The proximal paired probe set is composed of a first conductive probe and a second conductive probe, and the lateral (corresponding to the radial) probing depth of the first conductive probe is smaller than that of the second conductive probe. Here, the first, second, third, and fourth lateral positions correspond to a first, second, third, and fourth radial detection range around the centerline of the drill string. For example, the probing ranges of the second and fourth conductivity probes may be about 2-3 meters; the detection range of the first and third conductivity probes may be about 0.5 to 1 meter. The first and second conductivity probes may be integrally formed as a proximal electrode to detect deep lateral and shallow lateral data, respectively, of the proximal end of the drill bit; the third and fourth conductivity probes may be integrally formed as distal electrodes to detect deep lateral and shallow lateral data, respectively, of the distal end of the drill bit. The "deep lateral direction" corresponds to a deep radial extent, and the "shallow lateral direction" corresponds to a shallow radial extent.
The lost circulation discrimination mode based on the conductivity detector may be as follows:
taking lateral resistance as an example, let the time of well leakage occurrence be t 0 The current depth of the drill bit is H 0 The contact time of the proximal probe set (i.e., the first conductive probe and the second conductive probe) of the conductive probe is t 1 Contact depth (i.e., depth from ground) of H 1 Conductive probe distal tip set (i.e., third and fourth conductive probes)) Contact time of t 2 A contact depth of H 2 The reading of the near-end deep lateral probe at the well depth H suspected of generating the well leakage of a certain meter to be detected is recorded as XJ d (i.e., second resistance data), the proximal shallow lateral probe reading is recorded as XJ s (i.e., first resistance data), the distal deep lateral probe reading is recorded as XY d (i.e., fourth resistance data), distal shallow lateral probe readings are recorded as XY s (i.e., third resistance data), distal and proximal probe mounting spacing of M = H 2 -H 1 。
(i) And no well leakage occurs during normal drilling
The following relationships exist for the near and far probe readings at well depth H:
XJ d ＝XY d and XJ s ＝XY s
At this time, the reading of the probe in which the well leakage does not occur during normal drilling is used as a normal value (also referred to as a reference value), for example, the first, second, third, or fourth resistance data corresponding to the situation is used as a normal value, or the average value of the first, second, third, and fourth resistance data is used as a normal value.
(ii) The situation of well leakage at a certain depth point for the first time during drilling
When a low resistivity conductivity-indicating additive (i.e., a high conductivity-indicating additive) is added, the time t for the occurrence of lost circulation is taken 0 Before the time t when the near-end probe of the conductivity detector reaches the well depth of the well leakage 1 If the time delay of the near-end detector is t1-t0, the time delay of the far-end probe is t2-t1, and the delay travel is M, then the reading of the near-end probe and the reading of the far-end probe have a certain difference, and the undisturbed formation XJ is assumed s ＝XJ d Then, there are:
XJ s -XJ d < 0, and XY d And XY s Are all abnormally low values; or XY d Is abnormally low and XY s Is a normal value.
That is, the conductivity detector (e.g., the first, second, third, and fourth conductivity probes) is used to detect the change of the resistivity parameter after the conductivity indicating additive enters the formation, and since the conductivity indicating additive added into the drilling fluid system is a low-resistance substance, if the formation leaks, the resistivity logging while drilling has a significant resistivity reduction trend, and this is used as the leak detection determination parameter. In this case, a case where a lost circulation well depth or interval will occur with both a shallow lateral (e.g., first lateral position) abnormally low value and a deep lateral (e.g., second lateral position) normal value in the proximal probe set of the conductive probe, and a shallow lateral (e.g., third lateral position) abnormally low value and a deep lateral (e.g., fourth lateral position) abnormally low value or normal value in the distal probe set of the conductive probe. For example, a resistance curve based on a lost circulation discrimination pattern of a highly conductive indicating additive and its probe may be as shown in FIG. 3.
In the step 4), the judgment based on the conductivity detector and the conductivity indicating additive leakage position and the analysis of the leakage condition are as follows:
let the resistivity value of a certain depth D of the formation be R, x be the logarithmic expression of the resistance value x = lnR, so the first, second, third and fourth resistivity data correspond to x respectively 1 、x 2 、x 3 And x 4 The curve of the bar is shown,
wherein the coefficient of conductivity difference is D e I.e. D e If more than 0.2, judging the well leakage, x 1D First resistance data, x, for depth D points 3D The third resistance data is depth D point. If D is e If the value is greater than 0.2, the well leakage can be judged as D of the continuous depth section e If the values are all larger than 0.2, the well leakage section is judged.
The lost circulation location may satisfy the following equation:
H k ＝P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the distal electrode to the drill bit.
While the lost circulation rating may be determined by:
wherein, k (x) D ) Determination parameter of the leakage grade for depth D point, x 1D ＝lnR 1 ，x 3D ＝lnR 3 ，R 1 And R 3 First and third resistance values, T, of the depth point D D The time from the near electrode depth D point to the far electrode passing through the depth D point, the distance between the far electrode and the near electrode is determined by the drilling tool assembly, alpha is a volume conversion coefficient, and the conversion coefficients of the indicators with different concentrations and volumes are different and can be determined through experiments. The lost circulation grade of the lost circulation section may be determined by averaging.
Therefore, the judgment of the leakage position of the drilling fluid based on the conductivity indicating additive and the analysis of the leakage condition in the drilling process are completed through the steps.
In addition, for the radioactive indicator while-drilling detection lost circulation device, the radioactive indicator while-drilling detection lost circulation device can be specifically as follows:
the dosage of the radioactive indicator is related to the nature of the formation to be tested, and can be adjusted according to the nature of the specific formation to be tested. The radioactive indicator storage unit can determine the minimum adding amount of the radioactive indicator according to the minimum concentration value detected by the detector, the total volume of the downhole circulation and the drilling fluid to be pumped on the ground.
For example, the minimum added dose of the radioactive indicator can be determined by:
through simulation experiments, namely in saturated drilling fluid which is closed at the earth surface and is not influenced by environmental radioactivity and electromagnetism, the detector can detect the volume percentage concentration M of the lowest dosage of the added radioactive indicator gg . Setting the total volume of the part to be pumped at the surface and circulated in the well bore to be pumped as U (the total volume of the drilling fluid to be pumped at the surface and circulated in the well bore), the minimum adding dosage M of the radioactive indicator g Can be as follows:
M g ＝M gg ·U。
if the quantitative dosing of the indicative additives is required without test and detection conditions, the dosage of the additives per liter of drilling fluid can be determined by tests. According to the difference requirement of the radioactive indicator and the stratum to be measured, the adding amount of the radioactive indicator can be determined according to the stratum characteristics, the additive difference condition and the well bore volume condition in the drilling process. If a radioactive indicator with a mass concentration of 100Mg/L is required to be added, the total mass of Mg =100 XU =100U Mg resident in the well bore, wherein U is the total volume of the drilling fluid circulated in the well and pumped on the surface.
The leak discrimination mode based on radioactive detectors may be as follows:
let t be the time of well leakage' 0 Bit drill uncovering Current depth of H' 0 The contact time of the proximal probe (i.e., the first radioactive probe) of the radioactive detector is t' 1 H 'is the contact depth (i.e., the depth from the ground surface)' 1 The contact time of the distal probe (i.e., the second radioactive probe) of the radioactive detector is t' 2 H 'is contact depth' 2 The reading of the near-end probe at the well depth H ' of a certain meter suspected of having the well leakage is recorded as XJ (namely, first radioactivity data), the reading of the far-end probe is recorded as XY (namely, second radioactivity data), and the installation distance between the far-end probe and the near-end probe is M ' = H ' 2 -H′ 1 。
(i) And no well leakage occurs during normal drilling
The following relationships exist for the proximal and distal probe readings at well depth H':
XJ＝XY
in this case, the reading of the probe without the well-leakage during the normal drilling is taken as a normal value, for example, the first and second radioactivity data corresponding to the normal drilling are taken as normal values, or the average value of the first and second radioactivity data is taken as a normal value.
(ii) The situation of well leakage at a certain depth point for the first time during drilling
When the radioactivity-indicating additive is added, then:
XY-XJ > 0, and XY is the abnormal or abnormally high value, and XJ is the normal value.
That is, the radioactivity detector (e.g., the first and second radioactivity probes) is used to detect the change of the radioactivity parameter after the radioactivity indicating additive enters the formation, and since the radioactivity indicating additive put into the drilling fluid system is radioactive, if the formation leaks, the radioactive logging while drilling has a significant radioactivity parameter increasing trend, and thus the radioactivity parameter is used as the leak-monitoring determination parameter. For example, a plot of a lost circulation discrimination pattern based on a radioactive indicating additive and its probe may be as shown in fig. 4.
In the step 4), the judgment based on the radioactive detector and the radioactive indicating additive leakage position and the analysis of the leakage condition are as follows:
calculating a leakage level parameter of the second target leakage layer by using an equation 3, wherein the equation 3 is as follows:
wherein Q (D) is a second leak level judgment parameter of the depth point D, GR 1 And GR 2 First and second reflectivity data, T, for a depth point D, respectively D 'is the absolute value of the time difference between the first and second radioactive probes passing through the depth point D, and alpha' is the second volume transformation coefficient.
Determining the lost circulation position of the second target lost circulation layer by the following formula 4, wherein the formula 4 is as follows:
H k ′＝P-L′
wherein the well leakage position of the second target leakage layer is H k ', L' is the distance from the second radiation probe to the drill bit.
Therefore, the judgment of the position of the drilling fluid based on the radioactive indicating additive loss and the analysis of the loss situation in the drilling process are completed through the steps.
And then, the comprehensive comparison unit receives the information of the first target leakage layer provided by the first leakage judgment unit, receives the information of the second target leakage layer provided by the second leakage judgment unit, and gives more accurate information of the target leakage layer after comprehensive comparison.
Furthermore, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for active detection of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy may also be implemented by an active detection of lost circulation while drilling system with high accuracy, which may include an electrically conductive indicating additive detection while drilling lost circulation device, a radioactive indicator detection while drilling lost circulation device, and a comprehensive comparison unit.
Specifically, the conductive indicating additive while drilling detection lost circulation device may include a first real-time detection unit, a first additive supply unit, and a first lost circulation determination unit.
The first real-time detection unit may include first, second, third and fourth conductivity probes disposed on the drilling tool and traveling with the drill bit, respectively. The first conductivity probe can measure a first lateral position in real time to obtain first resistance data; the second conductivity probe can measure a second lateral position in real time to obtain second resistance data; the third conductivity probe can measure a third lateral position in real time to obtain third resistance data; and the fourth conductivity probe can measure the fourth lateral position in real time to obtain fourth resistance data. The first and the second lateral positions are equal to the distance between the drill bits, and the distance between the first lateral position and the center line of the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the second lateral position and the center line; the third and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the drill bit, and the third lateral position is less distant from the center line of the drilling tool than the fourth lateral position; the distance between the first or second lateral position and the drill bit is less than the distance between the third or fourth conductivity probe and the drill bit; and the first and third lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline and the second and fourth lateral positions are equidistant from the centerline. Here, the first, second, third, and fourth lateral positions correspond to a first, second, third, and fourth radial detection range around the centerline of the drill string. For example, the radial detection range of the second and fourth conductive probes may be about 2 to 3 meters; the radial probing range of the first and third conductive probes may be about 0.5-1 meter. The first and second conductivity probes may be integrally formed as a proximal electrode to detect deep lateral and shallow lateral data, respectively, of the proximal end of the drill bit; the third and fourth conductivity probes may be integrally formed as distal electrodes to detect deep lateral and shallow lateral data, respectively, of the distal end of the drill bit. The "deep lateral direction" corresponds to a deep radial extent, and the "shallow lateral direction" corresponds to a shallow radial extent.
The first additive supply unit is capable of adding a conductivity indicating additive to the drilling fluid to facilitate detection and collection of resistance data by the first, second, third and fourth conductivity probes of the first real-time detection unit. Here, the conductivity indicating additive may be a high conductivity indicating additive having a resistance less than the formation resistance (e.g., the average resistance of the target formation).
The first lost circulation judging unit receives first resistance data, second resistance data, third resistance data and fourth resistance data of first conductivity probes, second conductivity probes, third conductivity probes and fourth conductivity probes of the first real-time detection unit, and judges to obtain a first target lost circulation layer according to the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of all depth points. For example, the first lost circulation determination unit may include components such as a first calculator, a first memory, and a first display. For example, where the conductivity-indicating additive is a high conductivity-indicating additive having a resistance less than the average formation resistance, the first, second, third, and fourth resistance data for each depth point in the first target thief layer satisfy: the first resistance data is an abnormally low value while the second resistance data is a normal value, and the third resistance data is an abnormally low value while the fourth resistance data may be an abnormally low value or a normal value, and the abnormally low value is less than the normal value. The fourth resistance data is specifically an abnormally low value or a normal value, and can be determined according to the drilling rate, the lost circulation rate and the distance between the fourth conductivity probe and the drill bit, but the depth point can be determined to be in the target lost circulation layer with lost circulation no matter the fourth resistance data is the abnormally low value or the normal value.
The radioactive indicator while drilling detection lost circulation device can comprise a second real-time detection unit, a second additive supply unit and a second lost circulation judgment unit.
The second real-time detection unit may include a first and a second radiation probe respectively disposed on the drilling tool and traveling with the drill bit. The first radioactivity probe can measure a first position in real time to obtain first radioactivity data. The second radioactivity probe can measure a second position in real time to obtain second radioactivity data. And the distance between the first position and the drill bit is smaller than the distance between the second position and the drill bit. Preferably, the distance between the first position and the drill bit is equal to the distance between the first lateral position and the drill bit, and the distance between the second position and the drill bit is equal to the distance between the third lateral position and the drill bit.
The second additive supply unit can add a radioactivity indicating additive into the drilling fluid, thereby facilitating detection and collection of radioactivity data by the first and second radioactivity probes of the second real-time detection unit. Here, the activity-indicating additive may be an additive that has a greater activity than the formation activity (e.g., the average activity of the target formation). Further, the second additive supply unit may be integrally formed with the first additive supply unit.
The second lost circulation judging unit receives the first and second radioactive data of the first and second radioactive probes of the second real-time detection unit, and judges to obtain a second target lost circulation layer according to the first and second radioactive data of each depth point. For example, the second lost circulation determination unit may include components such as a second calculator, a second memory, and a second display. For example, the second lost circulation determination unit may be integrally formed with the first lost circulation determination unit. For example, the first and second radioactivity data for each depth point in the second target thief layer satisfy: the first radioactivity data is a normal condition value, the second radioactivity data is an abnormal condition value, and the second radioactivity data is higher than the first radioactivity data.
The comprehensive comparison unit receives the information (such as the first lost circulation level parameter and/or the first lost circulation position) of the first target lost circulation layer provided by the first lost circulation judgment unit, receives the information (such as the second lost circulation level parameter and/or the second lost circulation position) of the second target lost circulation layer provided by the second lost circulation judgment unit, and gives more accurate or stable information of the target lost circulation layer after comprehensive comparison. For example, the comprehensive comparison may be achieved by means of averaging; the comprehensive comparison can also be realized by setting different weighting coefficients.
For example, the first lost circulation determination unit may calculate a lost circulation level parameter of the first target lost circulation layer by equation 1, and/or determine a lost circulation position of the first target lost circulation layer by equation 2.
The formula 1 is:
wherein, k (x) D ) First leak level determination parameter, x, for depth point D 1D ＝lnR 1 ，x 3D ＝lnR 3 ，R 1 And R 3 First and third resistance values, T, of the depth point D D And alpha is a first volume conversion coefficient, and is the absolute value of the time difference of the first conductivity probe and the third conductivity probe passing through the depth point D.
The formula 2 is:
H k ＝P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the first target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the third conductivity probe to the drill bit.
The second lost circulation judging unit may calculate a lost circulation level parameter of the second target lost circulation layer by equation 3, and/or determine a lost circulation position of the second target lost circulation layer by equation 4.
The formula 3 is:
wherein Q (D) is a second leak level judgment parameter of the depth point D, GR 1 And GR 2 First and second reflectivity data, T, for a depth point D, respectively D 'is the absolute value of the time difference between the first and second radioactive probes passing through the depth point D, and alpha' is the second volume transformation coefficient.
The formula 4 is:
H k ′＝P-L′
wherein the well leakage position of the second target leakage layer is H k ', L' is the distance from the second radiation probe to the drill bit.
In summary, advantages of the invention include one or more of the following:
1. by adding two types of different indicating additives which are quantitative and maintain the volume percentage concentration into the drilling fluid and detecting the maintaining and loss conditions of the corresponding additives in a drilling fluid circulation while drilling system by using two types of different probe groups arranged while drilling, the position of the lost circulation while drilling can be effectively traced and the strength of the lost circulation while drilling can be judged, thereby being beneficial to further improving the stability and the accuracy of detection.
2. By adopting the active near-bit while drilling real-time detection, the discovery time is not influenced by the upward return time of the drilling fluid and the manifold delay, the performance is better in the aspect of discovery time, and the discovery and detection speed is faster.
3. The physical and chemical properties can be judged according to the difference of the drilling fluid, the stratum and the indicative additive in the aspect of conductivity or radioactivity, the detector is close to the effective position of the additive, the detection counting time and the time difference of the detected lost circulation event are detected, and the measurement is more direct and accurate.
4. The additive and the detector are arranged at the position close to the near drill bit close to the latest drilling and uncovering well depth in the well, so that the interference of a shaft system and the ground is less, and the further accurate and direct determination of the lost circulation position is facilitated.
5. It can be determined whether a lost circulation layer is leaking again, for example, whether a well is leaking in the drilling layer, if the well is not leaking in the drilling layer and the drilling fluid is abnormally reduced, the lost circulation layer can be determined as leaking again.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. An active detection method for lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: detecting the lost circulation by using a high-conductivity indicating additive, and judging to obtain information of a first target lost circulation layer; detecting the lost circulation by using the radioactive indicating additive, and judging to obtain the information of a second target lost circulation layer; comprehensively comparing the information of the first target leakage layer with the information of the second target leakage layer to obtain more accurate information of the target leakage layer;
the step of detecting lost circulation using a high conductivity indicating additive comprises the substeps of: adding a high conductivity indicating additive having a resistance less than the formation resistance to the drilling fluid; respectively arranging a first conductive probe capable of measuring first resistance data of a first lateral position in real time, a second conductive probe capable of measuring second resistance data of a second lateral position in real time, a third conductive probe capable of measuring third resistance data of a third lateral position in real time, and a fourth conductive probe capable of measuring fourth resistance data of a fourth lateral position in real time on a drilling tool and traveling along with the drilling tool, wherein the first and second lateral positions are equal to the distance between the drilling tool and the drilling tool, the distance between the first lateral position and the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the second lateral position and the central line, the distance between the third lateral position and the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the fourth lateral position and the central line, the distance between the first lateral position and the drilling tool is smaller than the distance between the third conductive probe and the drilling tool, the first and third lateral positions are equal to the distance between the central line, and the second and fourth lateral positions are equal to the distance between the central line; judging to obtain a first target leakage layer through the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the first target leakage layer, wherein the first resistance data, the second resistance data, the third resistance data and the fourth resistance data of each depth point in the first target leakage layer all meet the following conditions: the first resistance data is an abnormal low value, the second resistance data is a normal value, the third resistance data is an abnormal low value, the fourth resistance data is an abnormal low value or a normal value, and the abnormal low value is smaller than the normal value;
the method calculates the lost circulation grade parameter of the first target lost circulation layer through the formula 1,
the formula 1 is:
wherein, k (x) D ) The leak level judgment parameter, x, for the depth point D 1D ＝lnR 1 ，x 3D ＝lnR 3 ，R 1 And R 3 First, third resistance data, T, of depth point D, respectively D The absolute value of the time difference of the first and third conductivity probes passing through the depth point D is alpha, which is a volume conversion coefficient.
2. The active detection method for lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy as recited in claim 1, wherein the method determines the lost circulation position of the first target lost circulation zone by equation 2,
the formula 2 is:
H k ＝P-L
wherein the well leakage position of the target leakage layer is H k P is the current drilling position and L is the distance from the third conductivity probe to the drill bit.
3. The active detection method of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting lost circulation with a radioactive indicating additive comprises the sub-steps of: adding a radioactive indicating additive to the drilling fluid; respectively arranging a first radioactive probe capable of measuring first radioactive data of a first position in real time and a second radioactive probe capable of measuring second radioactive data of a second position in real time on a drilling tool and traveling along with the drilling head, wherein the distance between the first position and the drilling head is smaller than the distance between the second position and the drilling head; judging to obtain a second target leakage layer through the first and second radioactive data of each depth point, wherein the first and second radioactive data of each depth point in the second target leakage layer both meet the following requirements: the first radioactivity data is a normal case value, the second radioactivity data is an abnormal case value, and the second radioactivity data is higher than the first radioactivity data.
4. The active detection method for lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy as recited in claim 3, wherein the method calculates the lost circulation grade parameter of the second target lost circulation zone by equation 3,
the formula 3 is:
wherein Q (D) is a second leak level judgment parameter of the depth point D, GR 1 And GR 2 First and second reflectivity data, T, for a depth point D, respectively D 'is the absolute value of the time difference between the first and second radioactive probes passing through the depth point D, and alpha' is the second volume transformation coefficient.
5. The active detection method for lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the method determines the lost circulation position of the second target lost circulation layer by equation 4,
the formula 4 is:
H k ′＝P-L′
wherein the well leakage position of the second target leakage layer is H k ', L' is the distance from the second radiation probe to the drill bit.
6. The active detection method of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy as recited in claim 1, wherein the step of detecting lost circulation using the high conductivity indicating additive further comprises the sub-step of judging and timely supplementing the high conductivity indicating additive to the drilling fluid based on the sampling result of the drilling fluid under the first predetermined condition.
7. The active detection method of lost circulation while drilling with high accuracy of claim 6, wherein the step of detecting lost circulation with the radioactivity indicating additive further comprises the sub-step of judging from the sampling result of the drilling fluid under the second predetermined condition and timely by supplementing the drilling fluid with the radioactivity indicating additive.
8. The active while drilling lost circulation detection method with high accuracy of claim 7, wherein the first or second predetermined condition comprises any one of the following: when every 30 cycle weeks are completed; before and after the drilling fluid is treated; deviation of more than 20% occurs between the reading of the instrument and manual counting; and the occurrence of large scale oil and gas lost circulation displays, including drilling fluid lost circulation.
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| CN201911398164.3A Active CN110905487B (en) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-12-30 | High-accuracy well leakage active comprehensive detection method |
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| CN112211619B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2024-06-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for quickly determining lost circulation position of long open hole section |
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| Yu et al. | Identification of the location of the leakage layer under the condition of coexistence of circulation leakage and blowout: A case study of a block in the Bohai Sea | |
| Che et al. | An Integrated Governance Technology Based on Magnetic Steering System for Cementing Plug in Open-Hole Section of Underground Gas Storage: Theoretical Analysis and Field Test | |
| Komulainen et al. | Difference flow and electrical conductivity measurements at the Olkiluoto Site in Eurajoki, drillholes OL-KR54, OL-KR55, OL-KR55B and OL-KR47B | |
| Zhang et al. | Research on Formation Pressure Monitoring While Drilling in Deep Water with High Temperature and High Pressure Wells | |
| Pekkanen | Flow measurements in ONKALO at Olkiluoto probe holes and investigation holes ONK-PP294,-PP328-PP339,-PP352-PP353,-PP354-PP365,-PP366-Pp377,-PP378 and-PP379-PP384 | |
| Pekkanen | Flow measurements in ONKALO at Olkiluoto probe holes and investigation holes ONK-PP201,-PP254,-PP262,-PP263,-PP274,-PVA8 and-KR13 | |
| Pekkanen | Flow measurements in ONKALO at Olkiluoto probe holes, ONK-PVA3,-PVA6,-PP187,-PP190,-PP194,-PP196,-PP223,-PP226 and-PP227 | |
| Pöllänen | Monitoring measurements by difference flow method during the year 2005, boreholes kr2, kr4, kr7, kr8, kr10, kr14, kr22, kr22b, kr27 and kr28 |
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