CN110862602A - 一种可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜 - Google Patents

一种可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜 Download PDF

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CN110862602A
CN110862602A CN201911202644.8A CN201911202644A CN110862602A CN 110862602 A CN110862602 A CN 110862602A CN 201911202644 A CN201911202644 A CN 201911202644A CN 110862602 A CN110862602 A CN 110862602A
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邱童
张小平
韩燕仓
成龙
倪钢
吴凯健
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Yunnan Pinghai New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，其由30～50重量％的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒和50～70重量％的不可降解聚合物粒料组成的混合物依次经混炼、挤出、吹胀成膜得到，且可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒由以下重量份数的原料加热熔融混炼后挤出造粒得到：50～80份纳米碳酸钙、20～50份纳米陶瓷粉、3～10份DPA助剂和100～120份高分子聚合物母粒。本发明的农用地膜可在土壤中40～180d内降解90％以上，同时该膜具有较高的远红外及太赫兹波段发射率，对植物生长具有较强的促进作用，可显著提高作物的增产、营养成分以及口感。

Description

一种可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜
技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植用地膜材料领域，尤其涉及一种可生物降解且具备远红外太赫兹高发射率可促进植物生长的农用地膜。
背景技术
农用地膜的使用可有效控制土壤的温度和湿度，减少水分和营养物的流失，促进农作物的高产和稳产，从而增加农业生产效益。但是，由于地膜的一次性使用，每年都会有大量的残膜留在土壤里，塑料地膜在自然界中很难降解，且地膜碎片可在土壤中形成阻隔层，使土壤中水、气、肥等流动受阻，造成土壤结构板结，严重危害生态环境，造成白色污染。因此，解决土壤中残膜污染问题已成为地膜覆盖栽培技术的当务之急。
太赫兹(THz)波是指频率在0.1～10THz(波长为3000～30μm)范围内的电磁波，在长波段与毫米波相重合，在短波段与红外光相重合，是宏观经典理论向微观量子理论的过渡区，也是电子学向光子学的过渡区，称为电磁波谱的“太赫兹空隙(THz gap)”。太赫兹量子波技术在农业种植、畜牧、水产养殖方面已有成效，还可用于蔬菜种植、花卉种植、畜牧业及水产养殖等。用太赫兹量子波对土壤进行改良处理，并在植物育种期间进行太赫兹量子波照射，在完全不使用农药的情况下，能有效促进植物的发芽、生长，使成熟时间缩短；能增强植物的抗病性，杜绝植物生病虫害；能活化化肥的物性，使肥料的利用率提高，对植物所施肥料份量可减至原份量的三分之一以下。
发明内容
基于生物降解和太赫兹技术结合用于农用地膜的空白，本发明的目的在于提供一种可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，其可在土壤中40～180d内降解90％以上，同时该膜具有较高的远红外及太赫兹波段发射率，对植物生长具有较强的促进作用，可显著提高作物的增产、营养成分以及口感。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
本发明的可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，由30～50重量％的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒和50～70重量％的不可降解聚合物粒料组成的混合物依次经混炼、挤出、吹胀成型后冷却、牵引、收卷成膜得到；其中：
所述不可降解聚合物粒料选自PE、PET或PP中一种或两种以上混合物；
所述可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒由以下重量份数的原料加热熔融混炼后挤出造粒得到：50～80份纳米碳酸钙、20～50份纳米陶瓷粉、3～10份DPA助剂和100～120份高分子聚合物母粒，且所述聚合物母粒选自PE、PET或PP中一种或两种以上混合物，且所述聚合物母粒的熔融温度为190～230℃，收缩率为0.001～0.004，平均粒径为2～5mm。
进一步，所述纳米碳酸钙的平均粒径不高于200nm。
进一步，所述纳米陶瓷粉的平均粒径不高于200nm，远红外发射率不低于0.90，0.1～2.5THz太赫兹波段发射率不低于0.90。
所述可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜用于辣椒、青菜、烤烟种植，且40～180d生物降解不低于90％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1.本发明的可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜通过吹膜或拉膜工艺得到，具有较高的远红外及太赫兹波段发射率，对植物生长具有较强的促进作用，可显著提高作物的增产、营养成分以及口感。
2.本发明中生物降解的DPA助剂和高分子聚合物母粒生成桥状混合物，在土壤中可被真菌、细菌、酵母菌等活性菌种代谢，使得塑料薄膜崩解成微细碎片，在土壤中40～180d内降解90％以上。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行，所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
将纳米碳酸钙粉末(平均粒径150nm)50份、纳米陶瓷粉(平均粒径150nm，远红外发射率0.91，0.1～2.5THz太赫兹波段发射率0.91)30份和可生物降解的助剂DPA3份混合后，再与LDPE100份混炼制备粒径3mm的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒，然后将上述母粒以35重量％加入到LLDPE中，依次经混炼、挤出和吹胀成型，冷却、牵引、收卷成膜。
实施例2
将纳米碳酸钙粉末(平均粒径100nm)50份、纳米陶瓷粉(平均粒径100nm，远红外发射率0.93，0.1～2.5THz太赫兹波段发射率0.95)50份和可生物降解的助剂DPA5份混合后，再与PE100份混炼制备粒径2mm的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒，然后将母粒以50重量％加入到LDPE中，依次经混炼、挤出和吹胀成型，冷却、牵引、收卷成膜。
实施例3
将纳米碳酸钙粉末(平均粒径200nm)50份、纳米陶瓷粉(平均粒径200nm，远红外发射率0.95，0.1～2.5THz太赫兹波段发射率0.98)30份和可生物降解的助剂DPA3份混合后，再与LDPE100份混炼制备粒径4mm的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒，然后将母粒以45重量％加入到LLDPE中，依次经混炼、挤出、吹胀成型，冷却、牵引、收卷成膜。
实施例4
将纳米碳酸钙粉末(平均粒径150nm)80份、纳米陶瓷粉(平均粒径150nm，远红外发射率0.92，0.1～2.5THz太赫兹波段发射率0.91)50份和可生物降解的助剂DPA8份混合后，再与PET100份混炼制备粒径5mm的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒，然后将母粒以35重量％加入到PET中，依次经混炼、挤出、吹胀成型，冷却、牵引、收卷成膜。
以上4个实施例分别在辣椒、青菜、烤烟种植中与普通地膜进行对比试验，结果如表1所示。可以看出太赫兹远红外作用显著提升作物产量的20％～50％，120d降解率为80％～98％。
表1
Figure BDA0002296240440000031

Claims (5)

1.一种可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，其特征在于，所述农用地膜由30～50重量％的可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒和50～70重量％的不可降解聚合物粒料组成的混合物依次经混炼、挤出、吹胀成膜得到；其中：
所述不可降解聚合物粒料选自PE、PET或PP中一种或两种以上混合物；
所述可生物降解远红外太赫兹母粒由以下重量份数的原料加热熔融混炼后挤出造粒得到：50～80份纳米碳酸钙、20～50份纳米陶瓷粉、3～10份DPA助剂和100～120份高分子聚合物母粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，其特征在于，所述纳米碳酸钙的平均粒径不高于200nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，其特征在于，所述纳米陶瓷粉的平均粒径不高于200nm，且其远红外发射率不低于0.90，0.1～2.5THz太赫兹波段发射率不低于0.90。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜，其特征在于，所述高分子聚合物母粒选自PE、PET或PP中一种或两种以上混合物，且所述聚合物母粒的熔融温度为190～230℃，收缩率为0.001～0.004，平均粒径为2～5mm。
5.权利要求1～4任一项所述可生物降解远红外太赫兹农用地膜用于辣椒、青菜、烤烟种植，且40～180d生物降解不低于90％。
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Cited By (2)

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CN111892800A (zh) * 2020-07-22 2020-11-06 河南晶品新材料科技有限公司 一种聚乳酸-太赫兹可降解杀菌除味保鲜膜及其制备方法
CN111993726A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-11-27 高意匠新材料科技(苏州)有限公司 一种太赫兹抗菌发热材料

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