CN110857854A - Spot welding nugget quality evaluation method - Google Patents
Spot welding nugget quality evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110857854A CN110857854A CN201810970967.0A CN201810970967A CN110857854A CN 110857854 A CN110857854 A CN 110857854A CN 201810970967 A CN201810970967 A CN 201810970967A CN 110857854 A CN110857854 A CN 110857854A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget, which comprises the following steps: step one, splitting along the center of a welding spot of a spot welding sample, and taking a picture to obtain a nugget morphology picture; drawing a minimum melting depth area connecting line, a defect allowable area connecting line and a maximum melting depth area connecting line according to the obtained nugget morphology picture; and step three, judging whether the quality of the nugget is qualified or not according to the drawn minimum penetration region connecting line, the drawn defect allowable region connecting line and the drawn maximum penetration region connecting line, if the section contour line of the nugget is positioned between the minimum penetration region connecting line and the maximum penetration region connecting line, and the defect of the nugget is positioned in the defect allowable region connecting line, judging that the quality of the nugget is qualified, otherwise, judging that the quality of the nugget is unqualified. The method can quickly and intuitively evaluate the quality of the spot welding fusion nucleus, and has simple operation and high working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding technology, in particular to a method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget.
Background
Resistance spot welding is a method of welding by locally heating a workpiece and applying pressure to the workpiece while using resistance heat generated by passing a current through the workpiece and a contact portion as a heat source. The nugget formed by resistance spot welding plays a very important role in a welding structure, the quality of the nugget directly influences the reliability of the welding structure, and the diameter, the penetration depth, the position and the size of defects in the nugget and the like of the nugget are key factors influencing the quality of the nugget. In the actual production and operation processes, in order to ensure the quality of the nugget, the nugget quality is monitored through related physical signals (dynamic resistance, electrode pressure, electrode displacement, acoustic emission signals, ultrasonic signals and X rays) in the resistance spot welding process, and the shape of the nugget of the resistance spot welding is invisible, so that the quality parameters such as the nugget diameter and the like cannot be really checked. In order to ensure the spot welding quality, in a welding process evaluation test (verifying the stability of welding machine equipment and process parameters), destructive inspection is carried out by extracting a certain proportion of spot welding samples, which is an effective way for ensuring the nugget quality.
The invention is therefore set forth in this light.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget, which can quickly judge whether the nugget quality is qualified.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a quality evaluation method for a spot welding nugget comprises the following steps:
step one, splitting along the center of a welding spot of a spot welding sample, and taking a picture to obtain a nugget morphology picture;
drawing a minimum melting depth area connecting line, a defect allowable area connecting line and a maximum melting depth area connecting line according to the obtained nugget morphology picture;
and step three, judging whether the quality of the nugget is qualified or not according to the drawn minimum penetration region connecting line, the drawn defect allowable region connecting line and the drawn maximum penetration region connecting line, if the section contour line of the nugget is positioned between the minimum penetration region connecting line and the maximum penetration region connecting line, and the defect of the nugget is positioned in the defect allowable region connecting line, judging that the quality of the nugget is qualified, otherwise, judging that the quality of the nugget is unqualified.
Further, the second step comprises the steps of,
importing the photo into drawing software, and calling a VBA program;
the VBA program performs the following operations:
s1, acquiring the plate thickness of the upper plate and the lower plate;
s2, obtaining a scale of the nugget image;
s3, picking up two end point positions of the nugget diameter on the nugget image;
and S4, automatically drawing a nugget diameter line according to the picked two end points, and then drawing a minimum penetration area connecting line, a defect allowable area connecting line and a maximum penetration area connecting line by taking the nugget diameter line as a reference.
Furthermore, the connecting line of the minimum penetration region is drawn by,
determining a first position point of a connecting line of a minimum penetration area, wherein the first position point is a point deviated from a left end point of a nugget diameter line to the right by a% nugget diameter length;
secondly, determining a second position point of a connecting line of the minimum penetration area, wherein the second position point is a point which is vertical to the nugget diameter line from the first position point downwards and has the distance of minimum penetration;
thirdly, determining a third position point of a connecting line of the minimum melting depth area, wherein the third position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the second point to the right and has a distance of b% of the nugget diameter length;
fourthly, determining a fourth position point of a connecting line of the minimum penetration area, wherein the fourth position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the third position point upwards and has a distance of 2 times of the minimum penetration;
fifthly, determining a fifth position point of the connecting line of the minimum penetration area, wherein the fifth position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the fourth position point to the left and has a distance of b% of the nugget diameter length;
sixthly, connecting the first position point, the second position point, the third position point, the fourth position point and the fifth position point in sequence, and returning to the first position point to form a minimum melting depth area connecting line;
the minimum penetration is 0.2 on the upper plate thickness scale;
the value range of a is 8-12, and the value range of b is 100-2 a.
Further, the value of a is 10.
Furthermore, the drawing method of the connection line of the defect allowable area is that,
determining a first position point of a connection line of the defect allowable area, wherein the first position point is a point deviated from a left end point of a nugget diameter line to the right by c% of the nugget diameter length;
secondly, determining a second position point of a connecting line of the defect allowable area, wherein the second position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the first position point downwards and has a distance of a lower defect area range;
thirdly, determining a third position point of a connection line of the defect allowable area, wherein the first position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the second position point to the right and has a distance of d% of the nugget diameter length;
fourthly, determining a fourth position point of a connecting line of the defect allowable area, wherein the fourth position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the third position point upwards and has the distance of the sum of the range of the upper defect area and the range of the lower defect area;
fifthly, determining a fifth position point of the connection line of the defect allowable area, wherein the fifth position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the fourth position point to the left and has a distance of d percent of the nugget diameter length
Sixthly, connecting the first position point, the second position point, the third position point, the fourth position point and the fifth position point in sequence, and returning to the first position point to form a defect allowable area connecting line;
the range of the upper defect area is 25% of the upper plate thickness on a scale rule;
the lower defect area range is 25% of the lower plate thickness on a scale bar;
the value range of c is 7-8, and the value range of d is 100-2 c.
Further, the value of c is 7.5.
Furthermore, the drawing method of the maximum penetration region connecting line is that,
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a nugget diameter line is taken as a reference, and the upper maximum fusion depth is upwardly deviated to obtain an upper maximum fusion depth line;
secondly, taking a nugget diameter line as a reference, and deviating downwards to obtain a lower maximum fusion depth line;
thirdly, connecting two end points of the upper maximum melting-depth line and the lower maximum melting-depth line to form a maximum melting-depth area connecting line;
the upper maximum penetration is 90% of the upper plate thickness on a scale;
the lower maximum penetration ═ lower plate thickness × -scale bar ×. 90%.
Further, the VBA program performs the following operations:
the starting point of the ruler is selected on the nugget image, and then the program automatically draws the ruler with the size of 500 mu m.
Furthermore, the drawing software adopts AutoCAD software, and the minimum penetration region connecting line, the defect allowable region connecting line and the maximum penetration region connecting line are respectively displayed in different colors.
Further, in the first step, before a picture of the nugget morphology is obtained by photographing, the cutting surface of the welding spot is subjected to polishing corrosion treatment, and the upper plate and the lower plate are kept horizontal.
After the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, the following beneficial effects are brought:
the method quickly picks up another end point of the nugget diameter by using drawing software, and can quickly generate a minimum penetration area connecting line, a defect allowable area connecting line and a maximum penetration area connecting line for judging the nugget quality by calling a VBA program so as to evaluate whether the real nugget size of resistance spot welding combined with different plate thicknesses meets the standard requirement, thereby achieving the effect of intuitively and quickly evaluating the nugget quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a metallographic picture cut along the center of a welding spot of the spot welding sample;
FIG. 2: the invention is a schematic diagram of a minimum penetration region connecting line, a defect allowable region connecting line and a maximum penetration region connecting line;
FIG. 3 shows the execution of the program part of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a section contour line 2 of the nugget, a minimum penetration region connecting line 3, a defect allowable region connecting line 4 and a maximum penetration region connecting line.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 3, a method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget includes the steps of:
step one, splitting along the center of a welding spot of a spot welding sample, and taking a picture to obtain a nugget morphology picture (shown in figure 1), preferably taking a picture by using a stereoscopic microscope to obtain the nugget morphology picture;
step two, importing the photo into drawing software, and calling a VBA program; specifically, the drawing software is AutoCAD software, and the method for importing the photo comprises the following steps: open the AutoCAD drawing interface, click "insert" → "raster image reference …", select the photo to be processed, and open.
As shown in connection with fig. 2, the VBA program performs the following operations:
s1, acquiring the thicknesses of the upper plate and the lower plate, specifically, inputting the thickness of the upper plate and the thickness of the lower plate respectively according to prompts on an AutoCAD drawing interface;
s2, acquiring the scale of the nugget image, specifically, inputting the scale of the image according to the prompt on an AutoCAD drawing interface;
s3, picking up two end point positions of the nugget diameter on the nugget image, specifically, selecting and clicking the left end point of the nugget diameter in the image and selecting and clicking the right end point of the nugget diameter in the image according to the prompt on an AutoCAD drawing interface;
s4, automatically drawing a nugget diameter line (namely, connecting a left end point and a right end point) according to the picked two end points, and then drawing a minimum penetration region connecting line 2, a defect allowable region connecting line 3 and a maximum penetration region connecting line 4 by taking the nugget diameter line as a reference;
step three, judging whether the quality of the nugget is qualified or not according to a minimum penetration region connecting line 2, a defect allowable region connecting line 3 and a maximum penetration region connecting line 4 drawn by a program, and if the section contour line 1 of the nugget is positioned between the minimum penetration region connecting line 2 and the maximum penetration region connecting line 4 and the defect of the nugget is positioned in the defect allowable region connecting line 3, judging that the quality of the nugget is qualified; otherwise, judging that the quality of the nugget is unqualified.
The VBA program is designed according to metallographic examination standards in AWS D17.2/D17.2M:2013 standards for quality of resistance spot welding nuggets. The standard specifies quality indexes such as minimum nugget diameter, penetration range, and nugget range where defects are not allowed to appear, the standard specifies that the maximum penetration is not more than 90% of the sheet thickness, the minimum penetration is not less than 20% of the sheet thickness, and defects do not appear in nugget regions other than 25% of the sheet thickness and 92.5% of the nugget diameter.
Specifically, in step S4, the drawing method of the minimum penetration region connecting line 2 is as follows:
determining a first position point of a minimum penetration region connecting line 2, wherein the first position point is a point deviated from a left end point of a nugget diameter line to the right by a% nugget diameter length;
secondly, determining a second position point of the minimum penetration region connecting line 2, wherein the second position point is a point which is vertically downward from the first position point to the nugget diameter line and has the minimum penetration distance;
thirdly, determining a third position point of the minimum penetration region connecting line 2, wherein the third position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the second point to the right and has a distance of b% of the nugget diameter length;
fourthly, determining a fourth position point of the minimum penetration region connecting line 2, wherein the fourth position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the third position point upwards and has a distance of 2 times of the minimum penetration;
fifthly, determining a fifth position point of the minimum penetration area connecting line 2, wherein the fifth position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the fourth position point to the left and has a distance of b% of the nugget diameter length;
and sixthly, sequentially connecting the first position point, the second position point, the third position point, the fourth position point and the fifth position point, and returning to the first position point to form a minimum melting depth area connecting line 2.
The minimum penetration is 0.2 on the upper plate thickness scale; the value range of a is 8-12, and the value range of b is 100-2 a.
Preferably, a has a value of 10, and correspondingly, b has a value of 80.
Specifically, in step S4, the drawing method of the defect allowable area connecting line 3 is as follows:
determining a first position point of a defect allowable area connecting line 3, wherein the first position point is a point deviated from a left end point of a nugget diameter line to the right by c% of the nugget diameter length;
secondly, determining a second position point of the connection line 3 of the defect allowable area, wherein the second position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the first position point downwards and has a distance of a lower defect area range;
thirdly, determining a third position point of the connection line 3 of the defect allowable area, wherein the first position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the second position point to the right and has a distance of d% of the nugget diameter length;
fourthly, determining a fourth position point of the connection line 3 of the defect allowable area, wherein the fourth position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the third position point upwards and has a distance equal to the sum of the range of the upper defect area and the range of the lower defect area;
fifthly, determining a fifth position point of the connection line 3 of the defect allowable area, wherein the fifth position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the fourth position point to the left and has a distance of d percent of the nugget diameter length
And sixthly, sequentially connecting the first position point, the second position point, the third position point, the fourth position point and the fifth position point, and returning to the first position point to form a defect allowable area connecting line 3.
The range of the upper defect area is 25% of the upper plate thickness on a scale rule; the lower defect area range is 25% of the lower plate thickness on a scale bar; the value range of c is 7-8, and the value range of d is 100-2 c.
Preferably, the value of c is 7.5, and correspondingly, the value of d is 85.
Specifically, in step S4, the drawing method of the maximum penetration region connecting line 4 is:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a nugget diameter line is taken as a reference, and the upper maximum fusion depth is upwardly deviated to obtain an upper maximum fusion depth line;
secondly, taking a nugget diameter line as a reference, and deviating downwards to obtain a lower maximum fusion depth line;
and thirdly, connecting two end points of the upper maximum melting-depth line and the lower maximum melting-depth line to form a maximum melting-depth area connecting line 4.
The upper maximum penetration is 90% of the upper plate thickness on a scale; the lower maximum penetration ═ lower plate thickness × -scale bar ×. 90%.
Preferably, after drawing the minimum penetration region link, the defect-allowable region link 3, and the maximum penetration region link 4, the VBA program further performs the following operations:
the starting point of the ruler is selected on the image of the nugget, and then the program automatically draws a 500 μm ruler for reference.
Preferably, in the first step, before taking a picture to obtain a nugget morphology picture, a grinding and polishing corrosion treatment is performed on a cutting plane of the welding spot, and the upper plate and the lower plate are kept horizontal, so as to eliminate a measurement error when measuring the nugget diameter.
Preferably, the minimum penetration region connecting line, the defect allowable region connecting line 3, and the maximum penetration region connecting line 4 are respectively displayed in different colors for easy distinction and observation.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, and it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A spot welding nugget quality evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, splitting along the center of a welding spot of a spot welding sample, and taking a picture to obtain a nugget morphology picture;
drawing a minimum melting depth area connecting line, a defect allowable area connecting line and a maximum melting depth area connecting line according to the obtained nugget morphology picture;
and step three, judging whether the quality of the nugget is qualified or not according to the drawn minimum penetration region connecting line, the drawn defect allowable region connecting line and the drawn maximum penetration region connecting line, if the section contour line of the nugget is positioned between the minimum penetration region connecting line and the maximum penetration region connecting line, and the defect of the nugget is positioned in the defect allowable region connecting line, judging that the quality of the nugget is qualified, otherwise, judging that the quality of the nugget is unqualified.
2. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 1, wherein: the second step comprises the steps of,
importing the photo into drawing software, and calling a VBA program;
the VBA program performs the following operations:
s1, acquiring the plate thickness of the upper plate and the lower plate;
s2, obtaining a scale of the nugget image;
s3, picking up two end point positions of the nugget diameter on the nugget image;
and S4, automatically drawing a nugget diameter line according to the picked two end points, and then drawing a minimum penetration area connecting line, a defect allowable area connecting line and a maximum penetration area connecting line by taking the nugget diameter line as a reference.
3. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 2, wherein: the connecting line of the minimum penetration region is drawn by,
determining a first position point of a connecting line of a minimum penetration area, wherein the first position point is a point deviated from a left end point of a nugget diameter line to the right by a% nugget diameter length;
secondly, determining a second position point of a connecting line of the minimum penetration area, wherein the second position point is a point which is vertical to the nugget diameter line from the first position point downwards and has the distance of minimum penetration;
thirdly, determining a third position point of a connecting line of the minimum melting depth area, wherein the third position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the second point to the right and has a distance of b% of the nugget diameter length;
fourthly, determining a fourth position point of a connecting line of the minimum penetration area, wherein the fourth position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the third position point upwards and has a distance of 2 times of the minimum penetration;
fifthly, determining a fifth position point of the connecting line of the minimum penetration area, wherein the fifth position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the fourth position point to the left and has a distance of b% of the nugget diameter length;
sixthly, connecting the first position point, the second position point, the third position point, the fourth position point and the fifth position point in sequence, and returning to the first position point to form a minimum melting depth area connecting line;
the minimum penetration is 0.2 on the upper plate thickness scale;
the value range of a is 8-12, and the value range of b is 100-2 a.
4. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 3, wherein: the value of a is 10.
5. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 2, wherein: the drawing of the connecting line of the defect allowable area is,
determining a first position point of a connection line of the defect allowable area, wherein the first position point is a point deviated from a left end point of a nugget diameter line to the right by c% of the nugget diameter length;
secondly, determining a second position point of a connecting line of the defect allowable area, wherein the second position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the first position point downwards and has a distance of a lower defect area range;
thirdly, determining a third position point of a connection line of the defect allowable area, wherein the first position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the second position point to the right and has a distance of d% of the nugget diameter length;
fourthly, determining a fourth position point of a connecting line of the defect allowable area, wherein the fourth position point is a point which is perpendicular to the nugget diameter line from the third position point upwards and has the distance of the sum of the range of the upper defect area and the range of the lower defect area;
fifthly, determining a fifth position point of the connection line of the defect allowable area, wherein the fifth position point is a point which is parallel to the nugget diameter line from the fourth position point to the left and has a distance of d percent of the nugget diameter length
Sixthly, connecting the first position point, the second position point, the third position point, the fourth position point and the fifth position point in sequence, and returning to the first position point to form a defect allowable area connecting line;
the range of the upper defect area is 25% of the upper plate thickness on a scale rule;
the lower defect area range is 25% of the lower plate thickness on a scale bar;
the value range of c is 7-8, and the value range of d is 100-2 c.
6. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 5, wherein: and the value of c is 7.5.
7. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 2, wherein: the drawing method of the connecting line of the maximum melting depth area is that,
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a nugget diameter line is taken as a reference, and the upper maximum fusion depth is upwardly deviated to obtain an upper maximum fusion depth line;
secondly, taking a nugget diameter line as a reference, and deviating downwards to obtain a lower maximum fusion depth line;
thirdly, connecting two end points of the upper maximum melting-depth line and the lower maximum melting-depth line to form a maximum melting-depth area connecting line;
the upper maximum penetration is 90% of the upper plate thickness on a scale;
the lower maximum penetration ═ lower plate thickness × -scale bar ×. 90%.
8. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 2, wherein: the VBA program also performs the following operations:
the starting point of the ruler is selected on the nugget image, and then the program automatically draws the ruler with the size of 500 mu m.
9. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 2, wherein: the drawing software adopts AutoCAD software; and the minimum penetration region connecting line, the defect allowable region connecting line and the maximum penetration region connecting line are respectively displayed in different colors.
10. The method for evaluating the quality of a spot welding nugget according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, before a picture of the nugget morphology is obtained by photographing, the grinding, polishing and corrosion treatment is firstly carried out on the cutting surface of the welding spot, and the upper plate and the lower plate are kept horizontal.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1678422A (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-10-05 | 弗罗纽斯国际有限公司 | Method for monitoring the quality of spot welding |
| CN104826895A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-12 | 辽宁福鞍重工股份有限公司 | Blank blade correction method |
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- 2018-08-24 CN CN201810970967.0A patent/CN110857854A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1678422A (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2005-10-05 | 弗罗纽斯国际有限公司 | Method for monitoring the quality of spot welding |
| CN104826895A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-12 | 辽宁福鞍重工股份有限公司 | Blank blade correction method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ANSI: "《AWS D17.2 D17.2M-2013：Specification for Resistance Welding for Aerospace Applications》", 《SPECIFICATION FOR RESISTANCE WELDING FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS》 * |
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