CN110854838A - Parallel current sharing method for DC power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance - Google Patents
Parallel current sharing method for DC power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
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Abstract
The invention discloses a parallel current sharing method of a direct current power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance, which comprises the following steps: optimizing the output impedance characteristic of the direct-current power supply, and reducing the low-frequency-band output impedance of the power supply by optimizing the parasitic parameters of the power device and the parameters of the control circuit; measuring the output impedance of the direct-current power supply by using a network analyzer, and verifying whether the output impedance is limited in an extremely low range; according to the requirement of parallel shunt, each parallel branch power supply is connected with different high-precision auxiliary resistors in series, so that parallel shunt is realized. The invention can realize parallel shunt without introducing current control parameters, thereby reducing the complexity of the design of the direct current power supply; the parallel direct-current power supply is designed and selected by taking impedance characteristics as main indexes, so that the standardization degree of the direct-current power supply is improved; the direct-current power supply module does not need to be customized for the parallel direct-current power supply system, and each parallel direct-current power supply supports independent design, so that the flexibility of the parallel direct-current power supply system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a parallel current sharing technology of a direct current power supply system, in particular to a parallel current sharing method of a direct current power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance.
Background
With the gradual maturity of power electronic technology, the plug and play of a power supply module can be realized in different application occasions, generally, the steady-state characteristics of the power supply module can meet corresponding design requirements when the power supply module works alone, but in the process of integrating a standard power supply module into an actual application system required by a user, the series connection, the parallel connection and the cascade connection of the power supply module are necessarily involved, and the instability of the power supply system is often caused by the problems of power flow, EMC and the like caused by the factors.
The high-power switch power supply parallel shunt technology becomes the mainstream application trend of a power supply system in the industries of calculation, electric power and communication, the design advantage of the high-power switch power supply parallel shunt technology not only improves the power density, but also reduces the volume and the weight of the power supply system, meanwhile, the reliability of the system is improved through flexible redundancy configuration and hot plug maintenance, based on the points, the importance of the high-power switch power supply parallel shunt technology is increasingly remarkable, but in the parallel shunt setting process, how to accurately distribute power to a power supply module according to the actual power supply and load characteristics is the field continuously explored by engineers in the industry.
The traditional parallel shunt technology comprises an external characteristic droop control method, a master-slave control method, an average current automatic current equalizing method and the like, the advantages and disadvantages of the external characteristic droop method are obvious, the external characteristic droop method has the advantages that a parallel system is easy to realize and expand, the coupling degree of a control circuit between modules is small, the modularization and the reliability are high, but the control mode of the module output external characteristic slope cannot realize accurate shunt control and weakens the load regulation rate of a power supply system to a certain extent, the master-slave control method and the average current method have the advantages that the output characteristics of each power supply module are timely adjusted, accurate shunt can be realized, the relative situation is realized, the defects are that if an independent power supply module breaks down, the whole parallel shunt system cannot normally work, and the outer loop bandwidth of the voltage of the module is large and is easy. In addition, the methods have the problem that current inner loop control needs to be added, and a master-slave control method and an average current method additionally need to add a current bus, so that the coupling degree between parallel systems is deepened, the maintenance and the expansion of the systems are inconvenient, the complexity of a power supply control system is increased, and the risk of EMC performance reduction is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple and reliable parallel current sharing method for a direct current power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a parallel current sharing method of a DC power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance comprises the following steps:
and 3, according to the parallel shunt requirement, each parallel branch power supply is connected with different auxiliary resistors in series, and the branch current and the branch auxiliary resistors are in an inverse proportional relation, so that accurate parallel shunt is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the parallel shunt can be realized without introducing current control parameters, so that the complexity of the design of a direct-current power supply is reduced; (2) the parallel direct-current power supply is designed and selected by taking impedance characteristics as main indexes, so that the standardization degree of the direct-current power supply is improved; (3) the parallel direct-current power supplies have no coupling relation, and the parallel direct-current power supply system has no logic single point, so that the reliability of the parallel direct-current power supply system is improved; (4) the direct-current power supply module does not need to be customized for the parallel direct-current power supply system, and each parallel direct-current power supply supports independent design, so that the flexibility of the parallel direct-current power supply system is improved; (5) the direct current power supplies of different manufacturers, different topologies and different control modes are supported to build the parallel direct current power supply system, so that the system cost is reduced, and the maintainability of the parallel direct current power supply system is improved; (6) different shunt configurations are carried out on the parallel direct-current power supply system under different load requirements, and the universality of the parallel direct-current power supply system is improved.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a stability analysis of a simplified system.
Figure 2 is a simplified dual power parallel system schematic.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a simplified dual power parallel system based on a high precision auxiliary resistor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-port network of a dc power supply according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a unified circuit model of a dc power supply according to an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a dc power output impedance small signal model provided by an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dc power output impedance measuring circuit according to an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of the characteristics of a power supply port with a constant current source load.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of an implementation of a method for accurately connecting current sharing in parallel for a dc power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance according to an embodiment.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an application of the accurate parallel current sharing method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a parallel current sharing method of a direct current power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the accurate parallel current sharing is realized under the conditions of not introducing current control parameters and not increasing a current control inner ring; different parallel shunt configurations can be realized through simple parameter configuration according to actual requirements; the reliability and maintainability of the parallel shunt system are improved fundamentally.
A parallel current sharing method of a DC power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance comprises the following steps:
further, the output impedance in step 1 is a port frequency response characteristic of the power supply at a steady-state operating point, the amplitude of the output impedance is determined by parameters of a power supply power device and a control circuit, and optimization of the output impedance characteristic has essential influence on a power supply regulation rate and a load regulation rate on the premise of ensuring a loop stability margin. The specific method for optimizing the output impedance of the direct-current power supply in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
the power input and output variable relation is as follows:
wherein G is11Is the voltage audio frequency attenuation rate, G12Is an output impedance, G21For input admittance, G22Is the reverse current gain; v. of1、v2For inputting and outputting voltage, i, to the power supply network1、i2Inputting and outputting current for a power supply network;
output impedance G12Comprises the following steps:
i2(s)·G12OL-v2(s)·T＝v2(s)
where T is the loop gain of the power supply, G12OLFor the open-loop output impedance of the direct-current power supply, the closed-loop output impedance is obtained by simplifying the formula:
the open loop output impedance of the dc power supply is:
G12OL＝(Re+s·Le)||(Rc+1/(s·Ce))
wherein L iseFilter inductance for power supply output, CeFor the power supply output filter capacitor, ReIs parasitic resistance of inductor, RcIs a capacitance parasitic resistance.
Furthermore, the impedance measurement in the step 2 is the frequency response measurement of the power supply converter, the measurement circuit consists of a network analyzer, a disturbance signal injection circuit, a measurement probe and an isolation linear amplifier, the current sweep frequency disturbance signal is injected into the output end of the power supply to be measured at the working point with the energy steady state, the linear working area is ensured, and the output voltage disturbance signal of the power supply to be measured is measured. The "setting range" is a relative value, and is specifically determined according to the requirement of the load regulation rate, and the requirement on the output impedance of the power supply can be properly relaxed in the application occasions with low requirements on the power supply and the load regulation rate. Step 2, utilizing the network analyzer to measure the power output impedance, specifically:
when the load current generates disturbance i2When(s), v1(s)、i2(s) each through G11、G12For v2(s) influence:
v1(s)＝-i1(s)·Zs
wherein Z issThe source output impedance of the power supply to be tested;
correction to obtain true DC power supply outputOutput impedance, measured output impedance G12mComprises the following steps:
furthermore, the shunt requirement in the step 3 is an actual redundant power supply or distributed power supply occasion, power carrying capacities of power supplies with different properties are different, and an auxiliary resistor is configured according to power supply characteristics and load requirements, so that parallel shunt requirements under different conditions are met.
Each parallel branch power supply is connected with different high-precision auxiliary resistors in series, and the branch current and the branch auxiliary resistors are in inverse proportion relation, so that accurate parallel shunting is realized; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
according to kirchhoff's voltage law, a dual-power parallel system has the following relationship:
U1+I1*Zo1＝U2+I2*Zo2
wherein, U1For switching power supply 1 voltage, U2For switching power supply 2 voltage, Zo1For the output impedance of the power supply 1, Zo2For the output impedance of the power supply 2, I1For the current of branch 1 of the power supply, I2Is the current of the branch circuit of the power supply 2;
U1＝U2thus, it can be found that:
namely, the branch output current of the power supply 1 and the branch output current of the power supply 2 are in inverse proportional relation with the power supply output impedance;
the accurate shunt in parallel is realized through the mode of connecting auxiliary resistance in series in the branch circuit, and the shunt comprises the following components:
R1auxiliary resistance for branch 1 of power supply, R2Auxiliary resistance for the power supply 2 branch; and at the same time needs to satisfy Max (Z)o1,Zo2)≤Min(R1,R2)。
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Examples
The load in any form obtains the consumed energy by participating in power distribution of the whole power electronic system through equivalent impedance, the equivalent impedance is an independent variable which does not depend on other information of a network and the system, the power is an independent variable which is not suitable for reflecting the load state by coupling other elements in the system and the network system information through terminal voltage, and the dynamic characteristic of the load shows that the equivalent impedance is automatically adjusted to reach a new balance state when input and output power is unbalanced, which is also the root cause of system unbalance. FIG. 1 is a simple system, U, with a load using an impedance model1The equivalent relationship between the load active power and the node voltage and the load admittance is as shown in the figure, when the load admittance is gradually increased, the power consumed by the load is gradually reduced after increasing to the maximum value, and the load voltage is monotonically decreased along with the admittance, and the P-G (active-admittance) curve and the U-G (voltage-admittance) curve have the characteristics and the network has the characteristics and the characteristics of the network, and are not related to the properties of the load. When the load admittance changes according to different rules, the specific shapes of the two curves are different, but the properties of the curves are not changed.
The input and output impedance reflects the coupling relationship between the power supply, the load and other connection systems, so the coupling characteristics between the systems can reflect some essential problems of the systems based on impedance characteristic analysis, and fig. 2 is a simplified model of a dual-power parallel system, in which U is a unit1For switching power supply 1 voltage, U2For switching power supply 2 voltage, Zo1For the output impedance of the power supply 1, Zo2For the output impedance of the power supply 2, I1For the current of branch 1 of the power supply, I2Is the branch current of the power supply 2.
According to kirchhoff's voltage law, the following relationship exists:
U1+I1*Zo1＝U2+I2*Zo2
in practice, U1＝U2Thus, it can be derived:
that is, the branch output currents of the power supply 1 and the power supply 2 are in inverse proportional relation with the power supply output impedance, in the fields of calculation, server, storage, communication and the like, the load usually has constant power or constant resistance characteristics, and the current mainly comprises a direct current component and a low-frequency component, so that the branch output current actually depends on the low-frequency output impedance of the power supply. However, the actual power output impedance is determined by parameters of a power circuit and a control circuit, and is influenced by the process and the control mode, the output impedance of the power supply is difficult to accurately and quantitatively control, the output impedance is between-100 dB and-10 dB, the low-frequency band is generally lower than-60 dB, and the output impedance difference of 20dB reflects the difference of 10 times on current distribution, so that a parallel shunt method based on high-precision auxiliary resistors is provided, accurate parallel shunt is realized by connecting the auxiliary resistors in series in branches, and fig. 3 is a model of a dual-power parallel system with the added auxiliary resistors, wherein R1Auxiliary resistance for branch 1 of power supply, R2Auxiliary resistor for power supply 2 branch
According to the above analysis method, there are:
the auxiliary resistor has the significance that the parallel power supply system can distribute current according to the auxiliary resistor, and because the parallel power supply system has more low-voltage and high-current application occasions in calculation, server, storage and communication application, the method simultaneously needs to meet Max (Z) to ensure good voltage and load regulation rateo1,Zo2)≤Min(R1,R2) And Max (Z)o1,Zo2) In an extremely low setting range.
The invention provides a method for accurately connecting a direct current power supply system with adjustable quantitative impedance in parallel and equalizing current, wherein fig. 4-6 describe how to optimize output impedance by calculation in the process of power supply design or power supply rectification, fig. 7 describes how to measure the output impedance of a direct current power supply, fig. 8 describes a characteristic diagram of a power supply port with a constant current source load, fig. 9 describes a specific implementation flow of the invention, and fig. 10 describes an application schematic diagram of the method.
FIG. 4 shows a two-port network structure of a DC power supply, passing a voltage v1、v2And current i1、i2To study the characteristics of the power supply network, select v1、i2As independent variable, v2、i1And as a dependent variable, describing the direct-current power supply by using a G parameter, identifying an input end by using a Nonton equivalent circuit, and representing an output end as a Thevenin equivalent circuit. The following equation describes the power input output variable relationship:
wherein G is11Is the voltage audio frequency attenuation rate, G12Is an output impedance, G21For input admittance, G22For reverse current gain, the present invention only studies the output impedance G12：
The unified circuit model of DC power supply shown in FIG. 5 is a standard form of AC model of DC power supply small signal, in which R iscTo output the equivalent series resistance, R, of the filter capacitoreFor the DC resistance of the output filter inductor, H(s) is the transfer function of the voltage feedback network, Gc(s) is the compensating network transfer function, GmAnd(s) is the transfer function of the PWM, and the transfer function of the output impedance can be conveniently deduced by a unified circuit model.
FIG. 6 shows the input voltage v1When(s) is 0, the simplified small-signal model system block diagram of the output current to the output voltage can be obtained by the simplified small-signal model system block diagram:
i2(s)·G12OL-v2(s)·T＝v2(s)
where T is the loop gain of the power supply, G12OLOpen loop output resistor for DC power supplyAnd (3) reducing the resistance and the formula to obtain closed-loop output impedance (the negative sign represents a negative proportion relation):
according to FIG. 2:
G12OL＝(Re+s·Le)||(Rc+1/(s·Ce))
wherein L iseFilter inductance for power supply output, CeFor the power supply output filter capacitor, ReIs parasitic resistance of inductor, RcAs a result of the parasitic resistance of the capacitor,
in summary, the output impedance of the dc power supply can be optimized by reducing the open-loop output impedance or increasing the gain of the control loop, in practice, the filter inductor and the capacitor with small parasitic parameters can be selected to reduce the output impedance of the switch, and the gain of the control loop can be compensated by the optimized compensation network to zero-pole of the control loop to increase the gain of the control loop.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of output impedance of a dc power supply, in which a sine frequency-sweeping ac signal output by a network analyzer is directly injected into a module to be tested through a dc blocking capacitor, and a power amplifier may be used to increase the output power of the network analyzer in actual operation. The amplitude of the injected signal is determined according to the characteristics of the actual power supply to be tested, the method for injecting the disturbing signal is to apply 1 large signal and 1 small signal to the frequency band to be tested, if different signals are injected, the measurement result is kept unchanged, the signal-to-noise ratio of the test circuit is proved to be in a reasonable range, and when the whole measurement result is smooth and continuous, the measurement is proved to be reasonable and effective. The load of the power supply to be measured is replaced by a constant current source, and the output impedance of the power supply level of the power supply to be measured has certain influence on the measurement result and needs to be corrected.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the characteristics of a power supply port with a load having a constant current source when the load current is disturbed i2When(s), v1(s)、i2(s) each through G11、G12For v2(s) influence:
v1(s)＝-i1(s)·Zs
wherein Z issThe source output impedance of the power supply to be tested. Therefore, the measured output impedance is not the result of small signal analysis and calculation, but Z is introducedsOne result of the parameters needs to be corrected to obtain the real output impedance of the direct current power supply, and the corresponding relation between the actually measured output impedance and the small signal analysis and calculation result is shown as the following formula:
in summary, the measurement result of the dc power output impedance needs to be corrected by the above formula to obtain the real dc power output impedance.
Fig. 9 shows an implementation flow of the present invention, in the process of actually building a dc power supply parallel system, the maximum value of the branch impedance can be calculated according to the index requirements of the parallel system supply voltage, the load current, and the parallel system load adjustment rate, for example, a 25V parallel system and a 100A parallel branch load, if the load adjustment rate is not lower than 2%, the maximum branch impedance can not exceed 5m Ω according to the load adjustment rate calculation formula. Derivation of the conclusion Max (Z) from FIG. 6o1,Zo2)≤Min(R1,R2) The requirement of (1) is that a high-precision auxiliary resistor in the range of 5m omega is selected, and 50 times of output impedance is less than or equal to the high-precision auxiliary resistor
Max(Zo1,Zo2)≤-80dB
Note: zo1For the parallel branch 1 power supply output impedance, Zo2For the parallel branch 1 power supply output impedance, R1A resistor, R, connected in series with branch 12A resistor is connected in series with branch 2.
Therefore, in the power supply design and optimization process, the output impedance of the direct current power supply is required to be ensured not to be higher than-80 dB, and verification is required to be carried out through actual measurement.
Fig. 10 is an application schematic diagram of the method of the present invention, because the branch impedance value is strictly limited in a system with strict requirements on the load regulation rate, in practical applications, both PCB traces and electrical device traces may have a certain influence on parallel current sharing, so in the process of actually building a dc power parallel shunt system, the proximity principle needs to be referred to, the distance from the parallel branch junction to each branch power supply is reduced to the maximum extent, and if the condition cannot be met, the power supply trace should be subjected to strict impedance measurement to correct the auxiliary resistance value.
Claims (4)
1. A parallel current sharing method of a DC power supply system with quantitatively adjustable impedance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, optimizing output impedance of a direct-current power supply, and performing zero-pole compensation on a control loop through an optimization compensation network;
step 2, utilizing a network analyzer to measure the output impedance of the power supply and verifying whether the output impedance is limited in a set range;
and 3, according to the parallel shunt requirement, each parallel branch power supply is connected with different auxiliary resistors in series, and the branch current and the branch auxiliary resistors are in an inverse proportional relation, so that parallel shunt is realized.
2. The parallel current sharing method of the DC power supply system with the quantitatively adjustable impedance of claim 1, wherein the specific method for optimizing the output impedance of the DC power supply in the step 1 is as follows:
the power input and output variable relation is as follows:
wherein G is11Is the voltage audio frequency attenuation rate, G12Is an output impedance, G21For input admittance, G22Is the reverse current gain; v. of1、v2For inputting and outputting voltage, i, to the power supply network1、i2Inputting and outputting current for a power supply network;
output impedance G12Comprises the following steps:
i2(s)·G12OL-v2(s)·T＝v2(s)
where T is the loop gain of the power supply, G12OLFor the open-loop output impedance of the direct-current power supply, the closed-loop output impedance is obtained by simplifying the formula:
the open loop output impedance of the dc power supply is:
G12OL＝(Re+s·Le)||(Rc+1/(s·Ce))
wherein L iseFilter inductance for power supply output, CeFor the power supply output filter capacitor, ReIs parasitic resistance of inductor, RcIs a capacitance parasitic resistance.
3. The parallel current sharing method of the DC power supply system with the quantitatively adjustable impedance of claim 1, wherein the step 2 utilizes a network analyzer to measure the output impedance of the power supply, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the load current generates disturbance i2When(s), v1(s)、i2(s) each through G11、G12For v2(s) influence:
v1(s)＝-i1(s)·Zs
wherein Z issThe source output impedance of the power supply to be tested;
correcting to obtain real DC power output impedance, and measuring output impedance G12mComprises the following steps:
4. the parallel current sharing method for the DC power supply system with the quantitatively adjustable impedance of claim 1, wherein the step 3 is specifically as follows:
according to kirchhoff's voltage law, a dual-power parallel system has the following relationship:
U1+I1*Zo1＝U2+I2*Zo2
wherein, U1For switching power supply 1 voltage, U2For switching power supply 2 voltage, Zo1For the output impedance of the power supply 1, Zo2For the output impedance of the power supply 2, I1For the current of branch 1 of the power supply, I2Is the current of the branch circuit of the power supply 2;
U1＝U2thus, it can be found that:
namely, the branch output current of the power supply 1 and the branch output current of the power supply 2 are in inverse proportional relation with the power supply output impedance;
the shunt in parallel is realized by connecting auxiliary resistors in series in branches, and the shunt comprises the following components:
R1auxiliary resistance for branch 1 of power supply, R2Auxiliary resistance for the power supply 2 branch; and at the same time needs to satisfy Max (Z)o1,Zo2)≤Min(R1,R2)。
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| CN112366927A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-12 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Control method and structure for switch power supply without communication parallel connection |
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