CN110853792B - Method and apparatus for producing medical isotopes based on high power electron accelerators - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for producing medical isotopes based on high power electron accelerators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110853792B CN110853792B CN201911142685.2A CN201911142685A CN110853792B CN 110853792 B CN110853792 B CN 110853792B CN 201911142685 A CN201911142685 A CN 201911142685A CN 110853792 B CN110853792 B CN 110853792B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- target
- water
- power electron
- electron accelerator
- sample
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
- G21G1/00—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes
- G21G1/04—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
- G21G1/10—Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment, e.g. producing radioactive isotopes outside nuclear reactors or particle accelerators by bombardment with electrically charged particles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H6/00—Targets for producing nuclear reactions
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of medical radiodiagnosis and therapeutic nuclides, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for producing a medical isotope based on a high-power electron accelerator. Solves the problem of accelerator-based production in the prior art99The Mo method has low yield,100The Mo sample target has high processing difficulty and generates other Tc isotope impurities. The high-energy electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator is used for bombarding the conversion target to generate bremsstrahlung, the bremsstrahlung and the sample target are subjected to photonuclear reaction to generate target medical isotope, then the sample target containing the target medical isotope is automatically transferred to a hot chamber through a robot and a conveyor belt, and the target medical isotope is separated and purified from the sample target through an radiochemical separation procedure. Is suitable for use as99Mo，15O，13N，11C，88Y，123I，125I，111In，57Co and30P，38K，62Cu，64Cu，47sc and225production of a plurality of medical radioactive isotopes such as Ac.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical radiodiagnosis and nuclide treatment, and particularly relates to a photonuclear reaction production method based on bremsstrahlung of electron beams emitted by a high-power electron accelerator and target substances99Method and apparatus for medical isotope of Mo, etc.
Background
With the widespread use of gamma cameras and SPEC/CT, the tracer radiopharmaceuticals used have also developed rapidly. Most commonly and typically a molybdenum-technetium generator (99Mo-99mTc, hereinafter referred to as cow).
The cow is99Mo, with a half-life of 66. mu.gCan cope with separation from the production place to the place near the use place99mDecay consumption of Tc.99mThe gamma ray energy emitted by Tc is very low, the 140keV has little damage to human body, and the imaging is positioned. Comprises99mTc is applicable to dozens of medicines in various human organs, and 35 kinds of radioactive medicines are only produced in vivo by approval in China, wherein99mThe Tc radiopharmaceuticals account for 16,18f marks 1 kind of medicine.
Molybdenum technetium cow is used in a very large amount. Is used every year all over the world99mTc is approximately forty million doses (once per person).99The annual output of Mo world is 50 ten thousand "6 days Curie" (about 230 ten thousand Curie at actual piling. through the process of treatment and transportation, the balance is settled according to the residual amount after 6 days decay, called "6 days Curie", 6 days Curie means the activity of the target material after 6 days of separation of irradiation and processing treatment, and one "6 days Curie" corresponds to 4.5 Curie in general).
69, 56 and 24 radiopharmaceuticals quality standards are respectively recorded in the current United states pharmacopoeia, European pharmacopoeia and Chinese pharmacopoeia, the related nuclides are 22, 19 and 11 respectively, and all the nuclides are respectively99Mo-99mThe maximum number of Tc-labeled drugs. In that18In the aspect of F-labeled medicine quality standard, the European pharmacopoeia contains up to 6 types, the United states contains 2 types, and the Chinese pharmacopoeia contains only 1 type (namely, the Chinese pharmacopoeia contains18F-FDG). Therefore, despite the rapid development of PET/PETCT/PETMRI in recent years, although99The proportion of Mo in all imaging radiopharmaceuticals is reduced from 85% in 2010 to 78% in 2017, but still accounts for most of the market, and the rest is mainly positron-emitting short-life isotope for PET18F, and the like. 201099Mo has a value of over 30 billion dollars, and has rapidly increased to 41 billion dollars by 2017. In some cases, PET can replace SPECT, but in most cases it cannot. Moreover, one dose of PET is 3-4 times more expensive than SPECT. Therefore, the application of the technetium molybdenum cow in the nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment fields is still absolute for a long time, the importance is not questioned, the market value is huge, and the annual growth speed is up to 15%.
Twenty one yearBefore the era, in order to99Radioisotope production represented by Mo is almost exclusively reactor dependent. Since 2000, due to long-term high-load operation, particularly in recent 10 years99The radioactive isotope represented by Mo is in rapid demand, so that the irradiation device frequently fails, and needs to be periodically overhauled and maintained, even stopped for overhauling. In recent years, several reactors used globally for the production of radioisotopes have undergone a series of shut-down events, resulting in99Mo(99mTc parent) and the like, and a plurality of reactors are built in the fifth and sixty years of the last century till the design life of the century, thereby causing the global situation99mTc is in short supply. Moreover, the high-concentration uranium HEU with the concentration of 93 percent is mostly used in the reactors, and the high-concentration uranium is weapon-grade material. In order to produce the technetium-molybdenum cow, the consumption of the technetium-molybdenum cow reaches 40-50 kg every year (about two atomic bombs can be made). In addition, with99The half-life of the radioisotope represented by Mo is not long, and the radioisotope is saturated and burnt out after a reactor is irradiated for several days235U only accounts for 4%, and the waste can be used as a large amount of dirty bombs, which is a nuclear terrorism hidden danger.
Security concerns related to nuclear activities have been subject to much government and public concern, and the relevant standards and requirements have become more stringent. In future, the isotope production link must pay more attention to the risks of public exposure and environmental pollution. At the beginning of the century, the international atomic energy agency IAEA and the United states department of energy decide to strictly add limitation and bane to civilian high-enriched uranium, and the irradiation device starts to implement target conversion from 2015, which will lead to the reduction of isotope supply capacity and aggravate the isotope supply capacity99The supply of Mo is tense. Currently, there are nine in the world99Mo production piles and six major processing plants, both built in the fifth and sixty years of the last century, two of which had stopped production in 2015 and 2018, the remainder were also shut down in 2030.
The unified nuclear organisation agency (OECDN/EA) published a series of questions entitled "medical isotope supply:99report of global long-term demand evaluation of Mo ",99short-term supply shortages will occur in 2017 in the global supply chain for Mo, which is expected to occur before 2023 and at the latest before 2026A long-term severe shortage of strength.
To avoid the production of high-enriched uranium99Mo, abandoning fission mechanism and instead using neutron capture reaction98Mo(n,γ)99Mo reaction, concentrating98Mo is put in a reactor for irradiation. The method is adopted by China Nuclear Power research institute of Sichuan Chengdu. But the yield is limited and is difficult to meet the current requirements99The huge market demand for Mo.
More importantly, nuclear reactors are expensive to build, reaching hundreds of millions of dollars, and have security and subsequent radioactive waste disposal problems, so there are few dedicated fission production sites worldwide99The nuclear reactors specially used for radionuclides such as Mo, etc. are all multipurpose research reactors and are compatible with fission production99Mo and other nuclides. The national nuclear power research institute of Sichuan Dynasty demonstrated the design of specialized Medical Isotope Production Reactors (MIPR) since decades ago, but has not been built to date.
To the above99Production and supply problems of Mo, some accelerator-based production appeared99Mo, and Mo. Patent CN108696980A uses 40-80MeV proton bombardment of proton cyclotron100Mo production by (p, pn) reaction99And Mo. But the energy proton is in100The range in Mo is short, the target cannot be too thick (much less than 1.00mm), and not only is it too thin100Mo sample targets are not suitable for processing, more importantly for reaction100A small number of Mo atoms results in99The amount of Mo is small, i.e.99The Mo yield is low. At the same time, a proton beam is used in100Direct production of Mo99Mo often results in a concentration of Mo100Other stable Mo isotopes in the Mo sample target produce other radioactive isotope impurities such as Tc, Nb, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of production based on an accelerator in the prior art99The Mo method has low yield,100The invention provides a method and equipment for producing medical isotope based on a high-power electron accelerator, and an electron beam passes throughX-rays generated by special conversion targets, bombardment100Photonuclear reaction of Mo sample target100Mo(γ,n)99Mo production99Mo, and realizing automatic operation by a programmable robot system (hereinafter referred to as a robot). The invention is equally applicable to15O，13N，11C，88Y，123I，125I，111In，57Co and30P，38K，62Cu，64Cu，47sc and225production of a plurality of medical radioactive isotopes such as Ac.
The electron beam generates high-energy bremsstrahlung in the range of 20-50 MeV and 20-50 MeV through a special conversion target100The radiation length in Mo is about 10mm, which is significantly longer than the radiation length of protons of the same energy. Therefore, the effective target thickness for photoneutron reactions is also greater compared to proton reactions. In addition, the low number of reaction channels for bremsstrahlung and Mo limits the production of unwanted isotopic impurities, and bremsstrahlung and presence in100Photoneutron reactions of other small amounts of Mo isotopes in a Mo sample target typically produce stable Mo, a non-radioactive impurity.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a medical isotope production method based on a high-power electron accelerator, which comprises the steps of bombarding a conversion target by using a high-energy electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator to generate bremsstrahlung, carrying out photonuclear reaction on the bremsstrahlung and a sample target to produce a target medical isotope, automatically transferring the sample target containing the target medical isotope to a hot chamber by a robot and a conveyor belt, and separating and purifying the target medical isotope from the sample target by an radiochemical separation program.
Further, the medical isotope is99Mo, the above sample target is100Mo; the material of the conversion target is metal tungsten W or metal tantalum Ta.
Further, the method has 5 kinds of photonuclear reactions in total and simultaneously produces99Mo：
100Mo(γ,n)99Mo Et＝9.1MeV (1)
100Mo(γ,p)99mNb(T1/2＝15s)→99Mo Et＝16.5MeV (2)
100Mo(γ,p)99mNb(T1/2＝2.6m)→99Mo Et＝16.9MeV (3)
100Mo(n,2n)99Mo Et＝8.3MeV (4)
98Mo(n,γ)99Mo (5)
Further, the high power electron accelerator is a Rhodotron, an electron linear accelerator or an electron cyclotron; the energy of the high-energy electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator is more than 20 MeV.
Further, the energy of the high-energy electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator is 35-60 MeV.
The invention also provides a sample target device, which is characterized in that: comprises a water-cooling jacket and a sample target; the water cooling jacket comprises an inner shell, an outer shell, a cooling cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, and a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the cooling cavity; the inner shell is recessed towards the outer shell to form a concave part; the sample target is fixed in the recess.
The invention also provides a medical isotope production device based on the high-power electron accelerator, which is characterized in that: comprises a high-power electron accelerator, a target box, a conversion target, a sample target, a robot and a computer;
the target box comprises a box body and a shielding door, wherein a chassis is arranged in the box body;
the chassis is provided with a step through hole in the axial direction, the step through hole is coaxial with an electron beam outlet of the high-power electron accelerator, and the diameter of an inlet hole of the step through hole is consistent with the diameter of an electron beam of the high-power electron accelerator;
the conversion target is embedded in the outlet hole of the step through hole;
a cooling channel is arranged in the base plate and along the periphery of the through hole, and a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel which are communicated with the cooling channel are also arranged on the base plate;
the water cooling jacket comprises an inner shell, an outer shell, a cooling cavity formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, and a water inlet and a water outlet which are communicated with the cooling cavity; the inner shell is recessed towards the outer shell to form a concave part; the sample target is fixed in the recess;
the electron beam outlet of the high-power electron accelerator is close to the inlet hole of the chassis, and the sample target is tightly attached to the conversion target;
the robot is used for automatically transferring a sample target containing a target medical isotope to the hot chamber;
the computer comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are realized:
before the high-power electron accelerator emits electron beams, valves on a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are opened to cool a sample target; simultaneously opening valves on a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel which are connected with the cooling channel to cool the conversion target;
step two, after electron beam targeting is finished, closing valves positioned on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, and closing valves on the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel connected with the cooling channel;
step three, opening a shielding door of the target box;
step four, controlling the robot to disconnect a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the water cooling jacket;
step five, controlling the robot to clamp the water cooling jacket;
step six, controlling the robot to place the water cooling jacket into the lead box and cover the lead box;
step seven, controlling the robot to move the lead box to the hot chamber, and separating the lead box by an radiochemical separation program99Mo from100And separating and purifying the Mo sample target.
Further, the sample target is in a shape of a cylinder, an inverted hemisphere or a semi-ellipsoid;
the sample target is in the form of metal, powder high-pressure sintering disk, oxide powder or solution.
Furthermore, the main body material of the target box is stainless steel, and the inner wall of the target box is provided with a lead layer or a tungsten layer with a certain thickness; the chassis is a stainless steel chassis;
the sample target is100The Mo sample target is made of metal tungsten W or metal tantalum Ta;100the Mo sample target being preconcentrated100Mo, in the target100The content of Mo is more than 99.5 percent;
the diameter of the conversion target is 40mm, and the thickness is 3.5-4.5 mm.
Further, the water cooling jacket is made of copper, aluminum or steel; the inner shell of the water cooling jacket is made to be connected with the inner shell in a forging or extruding mode100Mo sample targets are closely contacted together;
the cooling channels are arranged in a snake shape along the peripheral direction of the through hole;
temperature sensors are arranged on the water inlet, the water outlet, the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. produced by the invention99The specific yield of Mo is high, and radioactive impurities are few.
Due to the bremsstrahlung radiation of 20 to 50MeV in100The radiation length in Mo is long (about 10mm), so more can be used100Mo is used in the reaction, so99The yield of Mo is large. Even if100The Mo sample target contains a small amount of other Mo isotopes, stable isotopes are generated by photonuclear reaction, and the generation of unnecessary isotope impurities is limited by the number of reaction channels of bremsstrahlung and Mo, so that other radioactive impurities in the product are few.
2. The water cooling jacket is a water cooling pipeline and a target container, and is convenient for manufacturing, loading, unloading and dissolving samples.
Because the copper of the water cooling jacket is not dissolved in the hydrogen peroxide100Mo is easily dissolved by hydrogen peroxide, so that the sample target100Mo can be integrally dissolved without being taken out of the water cooling jacket, the dissolved molybdenum peroxide solution is collected, Mo-Tc is further separated and purified, and the water cooling jacket which can not dissolve the copper is recovered for subsequent treatment. Water-cooled intercroppingIs a disposable part, and is very convenient for the preparation, loading and unloading and dissolution of the sample.
3. The target box is safe, rapid and reliable to mount, dismount and transport.
The invention utilizes the programmable robot system to control the automatic opening, closing, disconnection and connection of the water cooling system and automatically control the installation, disassembly and transportation of the target box. Safe, fast and reliable. And can be continuously corrected, updated and optimized according to problem experience generated in the using process.
4. The form of the sample target of the present invention may be a metal disk or a powder high-pressure sintered disk, or may be an oxide powder or a solution. Can meet the production of samples in different states.
5. The invention not only can produce99Mo, and can also be produced, e.g.15O，13N，11C，88Y，123I，125I，111In，57Co and30P，38K，62Cu，64Cu，47sc and225ac, but is not limited to these isotopes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for producing medical isotopes based on a high-power electron accelerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conversion target mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stainless steel chassis according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a sample target mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a converting target and sample target mounting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a programmable robot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are: 1-high-power electron accelerator, 2-target box, 3-conversion target, 4-sample target, 5-robot, 6-motor, 7-conveyor belt, 8-hot chamber, 9-electron beam streamline, 10-chassis, 11-cooling channel, 12-water inlet channel, 13-water outlet channel, 14-water cooling jacket, 15-outer shell, 16-inner shell, 17-cooling cavity, 18-water inlet, 19-water outlet, 20-clamping jaw, 21-movable joint and 22-base.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
The invention uses high-energy electron beam emitted by a high-power electron accelerator to bombard a conversion target to generate bremsstrahlung, and uses the bremsstrahlung and a sample target100Photonuclear reaction production of Mo99Mo, containing99Of Mo100The Mo sample target is automatically transferred to a hot chamber through a programmable robot system and a conveyor belt, and is separated through an radiochemical separation procedure99Mo from100And separating and purifying the Mo sample target. The photonuclear reaction is other than the usual one100Mo(γ,n)99Mo can be produced99In addition to Mo, several photonuclear reactions also occur99Mo, total of 5 kinds of photonuclear reactions simultaneously occur to co-produce99Mo。
| 100Mo(γ,n)99Mo dominant reaction (threshold E t ═ 9.1MeV) (1) |
| 100Mo(γ,p)99mNb(T1/2＝15s)→99Mo (Et＝16.5MeV) (2) |
| 100Mo(γ,p)99mNb(T1/2＝2.6m)→99Mo (Et＝16.9MeV) (3) |
| 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo (Et＝8.3MeV) (4) |
| 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo (5) |
The high power electron accelerator in this embodiment is a Rhodotron, and in other embodiments, it may be an electron linear accelerator or an electron cyclotron. The efficiency of the electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator is more than 20%, the energy range of the electron beam is 35-60MeV, and when the energy of the electron beam is 40MeV, the beam power can reach more than 100 kW. And the high-power electron accelerator can be continuously operated to provide the electron beam, and can be continuously operated for at least 1 day (24 hours), and preferably can be continuously operated for 6 days.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the device of this embodiment mainly comprises a high power electron accelerator 1, a target box 2, a conversion target 3,100A Mo sample target, an automation system including a robot 5, a conveyor 7, and a computer program stored in the computer controls the robot 5 and the conveyor 7.
The main body of the target box 2 is made of stainless steel material and is provided with a 50mm thick lead or tungsten lining, 50mm lead (or tungsten) plays a role in shielding, plays a role in scattering enhancement and can also generate an enhancement effect of bremsstrahlung on high-energy electrons passing through the conversion target 3. And the shielding door of the target box 2 is provided with a guide rail, and the shielding door can be opened and closed through an automatic system.
The conversion target 3 is fixed by a base plate 10 provided in the target box 2 and can be used for a long time, and the base plate 10 is made of stainless steel. As shown in fig. 2, the chassis 10 is disposed inside the target box 2, and has a step through hole at its center along the axial direction, the conversion target 3 is precisely embedded in the exit hole of the step through hole, the entrance aperture of the step through hole is consistent with the diameter of the electron beam of the high power electron accelerator 1, and the exit aperture of the step through hole is larger than the entrance aperture of the step through hole. The electron beam outlet of the high power electron accelerator 1 is next to the inlet aperture of the chassis 10 and is coaxial with the stepped through hole on the stainless steel chassis 10. The diameter of the inlet hole of the step through hole is 20mm, namely the effective diameter of the conversion target 3, and the diameter of the outlet hole is 40 mm; the metal tungsten W or the metal tantalum Ta with high conversion efficiency and high temperature resistance is selected as the material of the conversion target 3. When the electron beam energy is 40MeV, a metallic tungsten W target with a thickness of 3.5-4.5mm is preferred. In order to cool the conversion target 3, as shown in fig. 3, a cooling channel 11 is further formed inside the chassis 10, the cooling channel 11 is arranged in a serpentine shape at the periphery of the step through hole, and the water inlet channel 12 and the water outlet channel 13 are arranged along the radial direction of the chassis 10; distilled or deionized water may be injected into the cooling passage 11 through the water inlet passage 12. The stainless steel chassis 10 thus not only can fixedly support the conversion target 3, but also can provide cooling for the conversion target 3. Temperature probes or temperature sensors can be arranged on the water inlet channel 12 and the water outlet channel 13 and used for monitoring the temperature of cooling water.
100The Mo sample target is held by a water jacket 14 provided in the target capsule 2, and the sample target 4 and the conversion target 3 are attached together by a holding pressure plate, the sample target 4 being in close contact with the conversion target 3, as shown in fig. 5. As shown in FIG. 4, the water cooling jacket 14 comprises an inner shell 16, an outer shell 15 and a cooling cavity 17 formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, wherein the cooling cavity 17 is provided with a water inlet 18 and a water outlet 19, the inner shell 16 is recessed towards the outer shell 15 to form a concave part, and the water cooling jacket is formed by forming a concave part100The Mo sample target is fixed in the recess (the electron beam incidence surface is open and can be sealed if the sample is in a powder or liquid state) by forging or pressing, so that the inner shell 16 of the water-cooling jacket 14 and the Mo sample target are connected100The Mo sample targets were in close contact together, preventing the presence of air. A water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are welded at the water inlet 18 and the water outlet 19 through argon arc welding, and in order to monitor the temperature of cooling water, temperature probes or temperature sensors are arranged at the water inlet 18 and the water outlet 19. When the water cooling jacket 14 is cooled by water, the heat quantity of 20kW can be taken away by conservative estimation. Thus, the water jacket 14 is both a water cooling line and a water cooling jacket100A container of Mo sample target. The water cooling jacket 14 and100the Mo sample target is disposable. The material of the water cooling jacket 14 can be copper, aluminum, steel, preferably copper; fitting together100The shape of the Mo sample target, the inlet of the water cooling jacket 14, namely the concave part, can be cylindrical, hemispherical or semi-elliptical, and the cylindrical shape is selected for the embodiment. Namely, it is100The Mo sample target can be in the shape of a cylinder, a hemisphere or a semi-ellipsoid. When the cylinder is selected, its diameter is 20mm, and its thickness is 10-20mm (or more)Lamination of 1mm sheets); when the semi-sphere is selected, the diameter is 20 mm; when a semi-ellipsoid shape is selected, the diameter is 20mm, and the ratio of the long axis to the short axis is 1: 1.5-1: 2.0.100The Mo sample target diameter may also be 2mm larger than the effective diameter of the conversion target 3.100The Mo sample target being preconcentrated100Mo, in the target100The content of Mo is more than 99.5 percent.
100The Mo sample target or other sample targets 4 may be in the form of a metal or powder high-pressure sintered disk, or may be in the form of an oxide powder, or may be in the form of a solution.
The electron beam of the high-power electron accelerator 1 bombards the conversion target 3 in streamline to generate bremsstrahlung, which is then utilized100Photonuclear reaction production of Mo sample target99Mo, containing99Of Mo100The Mo sample target is automatically transported to a hot chamber 8 by a robot 5 and a conveyor belt 7, and is separated by an radiochemical separation process99Mo from100And separating and purifying the Mo sample target.
The robot 5 is radiation-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and mainly includes a jaw 20, a movable joint 21, a base 22, and the like. The movable joint 21 can stretch and rotate; the clamping jaw 20 has an adjustable caliber and is used for clamping the water cooling jacket 14 and100the Mo sample target can also be assembled and disassembled with related fixed screws, water cooling pipelines and the like. Also included in this embodiment is a conveyor belt 7 for transporting the sample, the movement of the conveyor belt 7 being driven by a motor 6 for transporting the lead can containing the sample to a hot chamber 8.
The computer program, when controlled by the processor, may implement the following processes:
step one, before the high-power electron accelerator 1 emits the electron beam, the valves positioned on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are opened100Cooling the Mo sample target; simultaneously, the valves on the water inlet channel 12 and the water outlet channel 13 which are connected with the cooling channel 11 are opened to cool the conversion target 3;
step two, after electron beam targeting is finished for 2 hours, closing valves on a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and closing valves on a water inlet channel 12 and a water outlet channel 13 which are connected with a cooling channel 11;
step three, opening a shielding door of the target box 2;
step four, controlling the robot 5 to disconnect the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe of the water cooling jacket 14;
step five, controlling the robot 5 to clamp the water cooling jacket 14;
step six, loosening a fixed pressing plate of the water cooling jacket 14;
step seven, controlling the robot 5 to control the water cooling jacket 14 (comprising100Mo sample target) is placed in the lead box, and the lead box is covered;
step eight, controlling the robot 5 to move the lead box to the conveyor belt 7;
step nine, controlling the conveyor belt 7 to move the lead box to the hot chamber 8, and separating the lead box through the radiochemical separation program99Mo from100And separating and purifying the Mo sample target.
The programmable robot 5 is not limited to realize the above functions, and can modify the control program according to actual needs to complete more functional operations or work purposes.
In a specific radiochemical separation procedure, if100The Mo sample target being a sintered compact disk of metal or oxide powder, requiring dissolution of the water-cooled jacket 14100Mo sample target. Using hydrogen peroxide solution to100The Mo sample disk was dissolved to obtain a molybdenum peroxide solution. Since the copper of the water jacket 14 is insoluble in hydrogen peroxide, the copper does not dissolve100Mo is easily dissolved by hydrogen peroxide, the dissolved molybdenum peroxide solution is collected, Mo-Tc is further separated and purified, and the water cooling jacket 14 for recovering copper is subjected to subsequent treatment.
Hydrogen peroxide pair100The parameters for dissolution of the Mo sample discs were as follows:
the hydrogen peroxide concentration is as follows: 30 percent; the initial dissolution temperature was: 70 ℃; the addition speed is as follows: 40ml/g is added at a rate of 1ml/min, wherein 40ml/g means per 1g10040ml of hydrogen peroxide is added into the Mo sample disk.
If it is not100The Mo sample target is a molybdenum peroxide solution, and Mo-Tc is directly separated and purified after irradiation.
The invention not only can produce99Mo, and can also be produced, e.g.15O，13N，11C，88Y，123I，125I，111In，57Co and30P，38K，62Cu，64Cu，47sc and225ac, but is not limited to these isotopes.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for producing medical isotopes based on a high power electron accelerator, comprising: comprises a high-power electron accelerator (1), a target box (2), a conversion target (3), a sample target (4), a water cooling jacket (14), a robot (5) and a computer;
the target box (2) comprises a box body and a shielding door, and a chassis (10) is arranged in the box body;
the chassis (10) is provided with a step through hole in the axial direction, the step through hole is coaxial with an electron beam outlet of the high-power electron accelerator (1), and the diameter of an inlet hole of the step through hole is consistent with the diameter of an electron beam of the high-power electron accelerator (1);
the conversion target (3) is embedded in an outlet hole of the step through hole;
a cooling channel (11) is arranged in the chassis (10) and along the periphery of the through hole, and a water inlet channel (12) and a water outlet channel (13) which are communicated with the cooling channel (11) are also arranged on the chassis (10);
the water cooling jacket (14) comprises an inner shell (16), an outer shell (15), a cooling cavity (17) formed between the inner shell (16) and the outer shell (15), and a water inlet (18) and a water outlet (19) which are communicated with the cooling cavity (17); the inner shell (16) is recessed towards the outer shell (15) to form a concave part; the sample target (4) is fixed in the recess;
the water cooling jacket (14) is made of copper, aluminum or steel; the inner shell (16) of the water cooling jacket (14) is connected with the inner shell by means of forging or extrusion100Mo sample targets are closely contacted together;
the electron beam outlet of the high-power electron accelerator (1) is close to the inlet hole of the chassis (10), and the sample target (4) is close to the conversion target (3);
the robot (5) is used for automatically transferring a sample target (4) containing a target medical isotope to a hot chamber (8);
the computer comprises a memory and a processor, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the following steps are realized:
before the high-power electron accelerator (1) emits electron beams, valves on a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are opened to cool a sample target (4); simultaneously opening valves on a water inlet channel (12) and a water outlet channel (13) which are connected with the cooling channel (11) to cool the conversion target (3);
step two, after electron beam targeting is finished, closing valves positioned on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, and closing valves on the water inlet channel (12) and the water outlet channel (13) connected with the cooling channel (11);
step three, opening a shielding door of the target box (2);
fourthly, controlling the robot (5) to disconnect a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the water cooling jacket (14);
step five, controlling the robot (5) to clamp the water cooling jacket (14);
sixthly, controlling the robot (5) to place the water cooling sleeve (14) into the lead box and cover the lead box;
seventhly, controlling the robot (5) to move the lead box to the hot chamber (8) and carrying out the radiochemical separation process99Mo from100And separating and purifying the Mo sample target.
2. The apparatus for producing medical isotope based on high power electron accelerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sample target (4) is in a cylinder shape, an inverted hemisphere shape or a semi-ellipsoid shape;
the sample target (4) is in the form of metal, powder high-pressure sintering disk, oxide powder or solution.
3. The apparatus for producing medical isotope based on high power electron accelerator as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the main body material of the target box (2) is stainless steel, and the inner wall of the target box is provided with a lead layer or a tungsten layer with a certain thickness; the chassis (10) is a stainless steel chassis (10);
the sample target (4) is100Mo sample target, of said conversion target (3)The material is metal tungsten W or metal tantalum Ta;100the Mo sample target being preconcentrated100Mo, in the target100The content of Mo is more than 99.5 percent;
the diameter of the conversion target (3) is 40mm, and the thickness is 3.5-4.5 mm.
4. The apparatus for producing medical isotope based on high power electron accelerator as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the cooling channels (11) are arranged in a snake shape along the peripheral direction of the through hole;
temperature sensors are arranged on the water inlet (18), the water outlet (19), the water inlet channel (12) and the water outlet channel (13).
5. The apparatus for producing medical isotope based on high power electron accelerator as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the high-power electron accelerator is a Rhodotron, an electron linear accelerator or an electron cyclotron; the energy of the high-energy electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator is more than 20 MeV.
6. The apparatus for producing medical isotope based on high power electron accelerator as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the energy of the high-energy electron beam emitted by the high-power electron accelerator is 35-60 MeV.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911105311 | 2019-11-11 | ||
| CN2019111053113 | 2019-11-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110853792A CN110853792A (en) | 2020-02-28 |
| CN110853792B true CN110853792B (en) | 2021-07-23 |
Family
ID=69602673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911142685.2A Active CN110853792B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-20 | Method and apparatus for producing medical isotopes based on high power electron accelerators |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110853792B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111683450B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-10-04 | 西安迈斯拓扑科技有限公司 | Target chamber device for producing radioactive isotope by gas cooling accelerator |
| CN111724926B (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2022-08-09 | 西安迈斯拓扑科技有限公司 | Production of medical isotope 225 Ac process and apparatus |
| JP2023542072A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2023-10-05 | ノーススター メディカル ラジオアイソトープス リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Method and system for producing isotopes |
| CN112837838A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-05-25 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Medical radioactive isotope apparatus for producing |
| CN112962125B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-05-17 | 原子高科股份有限公司 | Method for preparing 64Ni target and 64Cu nuclide and application thereof |
| CN113877421A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-01-04 | 苏州爱索拓普智能科技有限公司 | Medical isotope separation and purification process |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0954196A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-02-25 | Nihon Medi Physics Co Ltd | Target member and target system for manufacturing 18f |
| CN1922695A (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2007-02-28 | 离子束应用股份有限公司 | Target device for producing a radioisotope |
| CN101681689A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-03-24 | 住友重机械工业株式会社 | Radioisotope production system and radioisotope production method |
| CN104867529A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-26 | 南华大学 | Medical isotope generation method and device based on laser wake-field accelerator |
| CN105453187A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2016-03-30 | 加拿大光源公司 | Production of molybdenum-99 using electron beams |
| CN107112064A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-08-29 | 洛斯阿拉莫斯国家安全股份有限公司 | Equipment for preparing medical radioisotope |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6113453B2 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2017-04-12 | 株式会社八神製作所 | Target for neutron generator and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN105282955B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-11-21 | 东莞中子科学中心 | High power neutron with small heat dissipation channel produces target |
| CN108827994B (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2020-06-19 | 西安交通大学 | Solid-state lithium target system of neutron source of vehicle-mounted accelerator |
-
2019
- 2019-11-20 CN CN201911142685.2A patent/CN110853792B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0954196A (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1997-02-25 | Nihon Medi Physics Co Ltd | Target member and target system for manufacturing 18f |
| CN1922695A (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2007-02-28 | 离子束应用股份有限公司 | Target device for producing a radioisotope |
| CN101681689A (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-03-24 | 住友重机械工业株式会社 | Radioisotope production system and radioisotope production method |
| CN105453187A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2016-03-30 | 加拿大光源公司 | Production of molybdenum-99 using electron beams |
| CN107112064A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-08-29 | 洛斯阿拉莫斯国家安全股份有限公司 | Equipment for preparing medical radioisotope |
| CN104867529A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-26 | 南华大学 | Medical isotope generation method and device based on laser wake-field accelerator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110853792A (en) | 2020-02-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110853792B (en) | Method and apparatus for producing medical isotopes based on high power electron accelerators | |
| JP6279656B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for producing radioisotopes | |
| US9721691B2 (en) | Molybdenum-converter based electron linear accelerator and method for producing radioisotopes | |
| JP5522566B2 (en) | Radioisotope production method and apparatus | |
| Shusterman et al. | Aqueous harvesting of Zr 88 at a radioactive-ion-beam facility for cross-section measurements | |
| RU2200997C2 (en) | Method for producing molybdenum radioisotope | |
| Matei et al. | A new approach for manufacturing and processing targets to produce 9 9 m Tc with cyclotrons | |
| JP5673916B2 (en) | Radioisotope production method and apparatus | |
| KR20180044263A (en) | Yttrium-90 manufacturing system and method | |
| JP5522564B2 (en) | Radioisotope production method and apparatus | |
| JP5522567B2 (en) | Radioisotope production method and apparatus | |
| JP5522568B2 (en) | Radioisotope production method and apparatus | |
| Luo | Nuclear Science and Technology | |
| Luo | Preparation of Radionuclides | |
| Luo | Nuclear Science and Technology: Isotopes and Radiation | |
| Wang | Development of enriched gadolinium target for cross section measurement and future production of terbium for nuclear medicine | |
| JP5522565B2 (en) | Radioisotope production method and apparatus | |
| Kim et al. | Status and Plans of Sr-82 Development Using a High Energy Proton Accelerator | |
| Livanou | Design of a low power target for direct cyclotron production of 99mTc | |
| Ponsard et al. | Production of Radioisotopes and NTD-Silicon in the BR2 Reactor | |
| Heidrich et al. | University Research Reactor Production of 67 Cu via Long-‐Term Irradiation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |