CN110853786A - Spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on surface of planet - Google Patents
Spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on surface of planet Download PDFInfo
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- CN110853786A CN110853786A CN201911087110.5A CN201911087110A CN110853786A CN 110853786 A CN110853786 A CN 110853786A CN 201911087110 A CN201911087110 A CN 201911087110A CN 110853786 A CN110853786 A CN 110853786A
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- heat pipe
- stirling engine
- conversion device
- thermoelectric conversion
- power supply
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D7/00—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions
- G21D7/04—Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or fission reactions using thermoelectric elements or thermoionic converters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/04—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from fissile or breeder material
- G21C15/06—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from fissile or breeder material in fuel elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on the surface of a planet, which comprises a reactor core, a heat pipe, a shield, a Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device and a spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator, wherein one end of the heat pipe is inserted into the reactor core, the other end of the heat pipe is inserted into the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device, the shield is arranged between the reactor core and the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device, the heat pipe penetrates through the shield, and the shield protects the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device from serious radiation damage of the reactor core; the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device is connected to the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator through the heat pipe, the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device generates electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, the heat energy is converted into the electric energy, and the redundant heat is radiated to the space environment through the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator; when the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator is not expanded, the radiator is conveyed to the surface of a planet and then expanded into a spherical shape, so that electric energy required by the expansion and detection activities on the surface of the planet is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reactor power supplies, in particular to a spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on the surface of a planet.
Background
With the increasing application requirements of space technology and the continuous maturity of space technology, the planet has become the primary target of 21 st century deep space exploration in each country.
Currently, most power systems for spaces are chemical power sources, such as batteries, fuel cells, heat engines, solar energy, and the like. The long-life power supply also comprises an isotope power supply which is mainly used for spacecrafts and the like. In the traditional power supply system, fossil energy cannot be combusted due to the high vacuum and no-atmosphere environment on the surface of the planet, and the chemical energy power supply has low output power and insufficient cruising ability and is difficult to meet the use requirement of long-term planet detection work; the distance between the planet and the sun is different, the night is long, the temperature difference between day and night is great, the size and the dimension of the solar power supply are large, the requirement of high power is difficult to meet, and the cruising ability is insufficient; although the isotope power supply has a long service life of more than several years, the isotope power supply has low output power and is difficult to meet the requirements. In addition, the traditional power supply has weak adaptability to environments and is difficult to adapt to the working environments with severe surfaces of the planet, such as high and low temperature, vacuum, strong radiation, impact, vibration and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on the surface of a planet, which provides power supply for future planet surface detection, and greatly improves the power output level and the endurance time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on the surface of a planet comprises a reactor core 1, a heat pipe 2, a shield 3, a Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 and a spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5, wherein one end of the heat pipe 2 is inserted into the reactor core 1, the other end of the heat pipe is inserted into the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, the shield 3 is arranged between the reactor core 1 and the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, the heat pipe 2 penetrates through the shield 3, and the shield 3 protects the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 from serious radiation damage of the reactor core 1; the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 is connected with the heat pipe 2 inserted into the reactor core, the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 is connected to the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 through the heat pipe radiator 6, the nuclear fuel 11 in the reactor core 1 is subjected to nuclear fission to generate heat, and the heat is transferred to the heat pipe 2 to increase the temperature of the heat pipe 2; the heat pipe 2 conducts heat to the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, and the heat pipe radiator heat pipe 6 of the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 cools the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4; the thermoelectric conversion device 4 of the Stirling engine generates electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, converts the heat energy into the electric energy, and radiates the redundant heat into the space environment through the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5; when the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 is not expanded, the volume is small, so that a carrier rocket can conveniently convey the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator to the surface of a planet, then the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator is automatically expanded to be spherical on the surface of the planet, the whole nuclear reactor power supply is wrapped, and a protective layer is provided for the whole nuclear reactor power supply; the whole nuclear reactor power supply realizes energy transmission and conversion, generates electric energy and provides the required electric energy for developing detection activities on the surfaces of the stars.
The reactor core 1 adopts a heat pipe to cool a fast neutron reactor, and the nuclear fuel 11 in the reactor core adopts uranium nitride with the enrichment degree of 65%.
The working medium in the heat pipe 2 is liquid metal.
The material of the shielding body 3 is metal tungsten or lithium hydride.
The Stirling engine 4 is a free piston type Stirling engine, and the operating working medium of the Stirling engine is helium.
The spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 is designed to be automatically expanded and is spherical after being expanded, the whole reactor power supply is wrapped, a protective layer can be provided for the whole power supply, and the working medium of the heat pipe radiator heat pipe 6 is potassium.
The nuclear reactor power supply used on the planet surface has the diameter of 1.5 meters, the total length of 3.6 meters and the total weight of 3 tons, and can be transported to the planet surface through a carrier rocket to provide power for the planet surface detection activity.
The spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on the surface of the star ball adopting heat pipe cooling and free Stirling engine dynamic thermoelectric conversion has the advantages that the energy density, the output power and the endurance time are obviously greater than those of the traditional chemical power supply, the environmental adaptability is strong, and the spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply can normally work in severe environments such as high and low temperature, vacuum, radiation, impact, vibration and the like. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of being independent of illumination, high in power, long in service life and high in reliability, can meet the requirements of a high-power supply, a long shadow period and a working environment far away from the sun, and has an important application prospect in future planet surface detection tasks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a nuclear reactor power supply arrangement for use with the star surface of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a reactor core; 2-a heat pipe; 3-a shield; 4-a stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device; 11-nuclear fuel; 5-ball type self-expanding heat pipe radiator; 6-heat pipe radiator heat pipe.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, its operating principles will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on the surface of a planet comprises a reactor core 1, a heat pipe 2, a shield 3, a stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 and a spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5, wherein one end of the heat pipe 2 is inserted into the reactor core 1, the other end of the heat pipe is inserted into the hot end of the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, the shield 3 is arranged between the reactor core 1 and the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, the heat pipe 2 penetrates through the shield 3, and the shield 3 protects the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 from serious radiation damage of the reactor core 1; the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 is connected with the heat pipe 2 inserted into the reactor core, the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 is connected to the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 through the heat pipe radiator 6, the nuclear fuel 11 in the reactor core 1 is subjected to nuclear fission to generate heat, and the heat is transferred to the heat pipe 2 to increase the temperature of the heat pipe 2; the heat pipe 2 conducts heat to the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, and the heat pipe radiator heat pipe 6 of the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 cools the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4; the thermoelectric conversion device 4 of the Stirling engine generates electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, converts the heat energy into the electric energy, and radiates the redundant heat into the space environment through the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5; when the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 is not expanded, the volume is small, so that a carrier rocket can conveniently convey the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator to the surface of a planet, then the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator is automatically expanded to be spherical on the surface of the planet, the whole nuclear reactor power supply is wrapped, and a protective layer is provided for the whole nuclear reactor power supply; the whole nuclear reactor power supply realizes energy transmission and conversion, generates electric energy and provides the required electric energy for developing detection activities on the surfaces of the stars.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core 1 is a fast neutron reactor cooled by a heat pipe, and the nuclear fuel 11 in the reactor is uranium nitride with an enrichment degree of 65%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the working medium in the heat pipe 2 is liquid metal.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the shield 3 is metal tungsten or lithium hydride.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 is a free piston stirling engine, and the operating medium thereof is helium.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 is designed to be automatically expanded and is spherical after being expanded, the whole reactor power supply is wrapped, a protective layer can be provided for the whole power supply, and the working medium of the heat pipe radiator heat pipe 6 is potassium.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nuclear reactor power supply has a diameter of 1.5 m and a total length of 3.6 m, and a total weight of 3 tons, and can be transported to the surface of a planet by a launch vehicle to provide power for the detection activity of the surface of the planet.
The working principle of the power supply of the invention is as follows: the nuclear fuel 11 in the core 1 is fission-generated to generate heat, and the heat is transferred to the heat pipe 2 to increase its temperature. The heat pipe 2 is capable of conducting heat to the hot side of the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4. The heat pipe 2 heats the hot end of the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 in the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4, and the heat pipe radiator heat pipe 6 of the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 cools the cold end of the stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4. The stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device 4 converts thermal energy into electric energy using the temperature difference between both ends. The spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator 5 radiates redundant heat to the environment of the surface of a planet.
The invention is not described in detail in the conventional technical content.
Claims (7)
1. A spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface, comprising: the heat pipe type Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device comprises a reactor core (1), a heat pipe (2), a shield (3), a Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4) and a spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator (5), wherein one end of the heat pipe (2) is inserted into the reactor core (1), the other end of the heat pipe is inserted into the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4), the shield (3) is arranged between the reactor core (1) and the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4), the heat pipe (2) penetrates through the shield (3), and the shield (3) protects the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4) from serious radiation damage of the reactor core (1); the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4) is connected with a heat pipe (2) inserted into the reactor core, the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4) is connected to a spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator (5) through a heat pipe radiator heat pipe (6), nuclear fuel (11) in the reactor core (1) is subjected to nuclear fission to generate heat, and the heat is transferred to the heat pipe (2) to increase the temperature of the heat pipe (2); the heat pipe (2) conducts heat to the hot end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4), and the heat pipe radiator heat pipe (6) of the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator (5) cools the cold end of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4); the thermoelectric conversion device (4) of the Stirling engine generates electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end, the heat energy is converted into the electric energy, and the redundant heat is radiated into the space environment through the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator (5); when the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator (5) is not expanded, the volume is small, so that a carrier rocket can conveniently convey the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator to the surface of a planet, then the spherical self-expanding heat pipe radiator is automatically expanded to be spherical on the surface of the planet, the whole nuclear reactor power supply is wrapped, and a protective layer is provided for the whole nuclear reactor power supply; the whole nuclear reactor power supply realizes energy transmission and conversion, generates electric energy and provides the required electric energy for developing detection activities on the surfaces of the stars.
2. A nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface use as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the reactor core (1) adopts a heat pipe to cool a fast neutron reactor, and the nuclear fuel (11) in the reactor core adopts uranium nitride with the enrichment degree of 65%.
3. A nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface use as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working medium in the heat pipe (2) is liquid metal.
4. A nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface use as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the material of the shielding body (3) is metal tungsten or lithium hydride.
5. A nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface use as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device (4) is a free piston type Stirling engine, and the operating working medium of the Stirling engine thermoelectric conversion device is helium.
6. A nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface use as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the working medium of the heat pipe radiator heat pipe (6) is potassium.
7. A nuclear reactor power supply for a star surface use as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nuclear reactor power supply has the diameter of 1.5 meters, the total length of 3.6 meters and the total weight of 3 tons, can be transported to the surface of a planet through a carrier rocket, and provides electric power for the detection activity of the surface of the planet.
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| CN201911087110.5A CN110853786B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on surface of planet |
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| CN201911087110.5A CN110853786B (en) | 2019-11-08 | 2019-11-08 | Spherical self-expanding nuclear reactor power supply used on surface of planet |
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| CN110853786B CN110853786B (en) | 2021-07-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111627576A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Power supply system of Stirling power generation nuclear reactor for marine application |
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