CN110850498A - Magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement - Google Patents
Magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN110850498A CN110850498A CN201911112898.0A CN201911112898A CN110850498A CN 110850498 A CN110850498 A CN 110850498A CN 201911112898 A CN201911112898 A CN 201911112898A CN 110850498 A CN110850498 A CN 110850498A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
- G01V7/02—Details
- G01V7/04—Electric, photoelectric, or magnetic indicating or recording means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement, which is characterized in that: a magneto-optical trap trapping region is arranged above the vacuum cavity, and an interference region and a detection region are arranged below the vacuum cavity in sequence; the rubidium source is connected with a rubidium source angle valve, and the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively in sealing connection with two obliquely arranged glass pipelines outside the vacuum cavity; the Raman reflector is arranged right below the vacuum cavity; the fluorescence collecting device is arranged at a horizontal position outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the detection area, and the two photoelectric detectors are arranged outside the fluorescence collecting device; the first, second and third trapping lights form an included angle of 120 degrees in the same horizontal plane and irradiate the trapping region of the magneto-optical trap along the horizontal direction; the composite light beam is composed of four frequencies of capture light, detection light, Raman light and stop light in the vertical direction, wherein the capture light is reflected by a Raman reflector to form fourth capture light and fifth capture light, and the five capture lights and a pair of reverse Helmholtz coils form a magneto-optical trap. The device can make the gravity meter sensing head compact in structure and small in size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum sensing devices for absolute gravitational acceleration precision measurement, and particularly discloses a novel magneto-optical trap device for gravitational measurement.
Background
In recent years, the rapid development of laser cooling and trapping technology opens a new visual angle for the field of quantum precision measurement, and since zeelanchier et al realized a pulse type atomic interferometer in 1991, inertia measurement sensors based on a cold atomic interferometer were realized in succession, and common high-precision inertia sensors include an absolute gravimeter, a gravity gradiometer and a gyroscope. The cold atom gravimeter measures gravity information through material wave interference, and the specific measurement process is as follows: and the atomic group cooled by the laser interacts with atoms through Raman light in the free falling process of the gravity field, so that the quantum state interference of the atomic group is realized, and finally, gravity information is extracted from interference fringes. Because the cold atom ensemble temperature is micro kelvin magnitude, it is more effective when controlling the external degree of freedom and internal state of the atom, so compared with the classical pyramid gravimeter, the cold atom gravimeter has significant advantages in measuring sensitivity and precision. At present, the cold atom interference gravimeter is limited by environmental adaptability and the limitation of a shock isolation technology, and indexes such as volume, power consumption, weight and environmental adaptability of the cold atom interference gravimeter can not meet the requirements of engineering application although the cold atom interference gravimeter shows higher precision in a laboratory. Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a new technology and idea based on the prior art and develop a smaller, lighter and lower-power-consumption cold atom gravimeter product on the premise of ensuring high precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement, which can enable a gravity meter sensing head to be compact in structure and small in size, thereby being beneficial to miniaturization and light weight of the whole gravity meter system.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurements, characterized by: the device comprises an all-glass vacuum cavity, a rubidium source angle valve, a rubidium source, an ion pump, first capture light, second capture light, third capture light, a composite light beam, a Raman reflector, a fluorescence collection device, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector;
the upper part in the full glass vacuum cavity is a magneto-optical trap trapping area, and the lower part is an interference area and a detection area in sequence; the rubidium source is connected with a rubidium source angle valve, the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively connected with two glass pipelines welded outside the all-glass vacuum cavity in a sealing mode, and the two glass pipelines are obliquely connected with the outer wall of the vacuum cavity outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the capture area of the magneto-optical trap, so that the vacuum cavity is in angle sealing connection with the ion pump and the rubidium source; a vacuum pre-pumping port is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ion pump and the corresponding glass pipeline, and a crushable and sealable oxygen-free copper pipe is connected at the vacuum pre-pumping port; the Raman reflector is arranged right below the vacuum cavity, the fluorescence collecting device is arranged at a horizontal position outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the detection area, and the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are arranged outside the fluorescence collecting device;
the first trapping light, the second trapping light and the third trapping light are arranged in the same horizontal plane at an included angle of 120 degrees and irradiate the magneto-optical trap trapping region along the horizontal direction, the composite light beam is composed of four frequencies of trapping light, probe light, Raman light and stop light in the vertical direction respectively, the trapping light in the composite light beam is reflected by a Raman reflector to form fourth trapping light and fifth trapping light which are oppositely emitted in the vertical plane, the fifth trapping light and a pair of reverse Helmholtz coils which provide a gradient magnetic field form a magneto-optical trap, and the pair of reverse Helmholtz coils are located in the vertical direction and are arranged up and down.
Furthermore, the fluorescence collecting device is composed of a first plano-convex doublet, a second plano-convex doublet and a meniscus lens.
Further, the five beams of trapping light include laser light of two frequencies, i.e., cooling light and re-pumping light.
And the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively connected with the corresponding glass pipelines through a first flange interface and a second flange structure.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention adopts an all-glass vacuum structure, the rubidium source and the ion pump are in angle sealing connection with the vacuum cavity, the structure is complementary with a special five-beam magneto-optical trap structure in space, compared with the traditional vertical sealing connection and six-beam magneto-optical trap structure, the volume of a sensing head of a gravimeter is greatly saved, and a new technology and a new method are provided for the miniaturization and the light weight of a gravimeter system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magneto-optical structure of the magneto-optical trap optical path of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments, which are illustrative only and not limiting, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement, see fig. 1-2, the invention points are:
the device comprises an all-glass vacuum cavity 1, a rubidium source angle valve 2, a rubidium source 3, an ion pump 5, first capture light 7, second capture light 8, third capture light 9, a composite light beam 10, a Raman reflector 14, a fluorescence collection device 15, a first photoelectric detector 16a and a second photoelectric detector 16 b.
The upper part in the full glass vacuum cavity is a magneto-optical trap trapping area, and the lower part is an interference area 12 and a detection area 13 in sequence. The rubidium source is connected with a rubidium source angle valve, the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively connected with two glass pipelines welded outside the all-glass vacuum cavity in a sealing mode, and the two glass pipelines are obliquely connected with the outer wall of the vacuum cavity outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the capture area of the magneto-optical trap, so that the vacuum cavity is in angle sealing connection with the ion pump and the rubidium source; a vacuum pre-pumping port is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the ion pump and the corresponding glass pipeline, and a crushable and sealed oxygen-free copper pipe 6 is connected at the vacuum pre-pumping port. The Raman reflector is arranged under the vacuum cavity, the fluorescence collecting device is arranged at a horizontal position outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the detection area, and the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are arranged outside the fluorescence collecting device.
The first trapping light, the second trapping light and the third trapping light are arranged in the same horizontal plane at an included angle of 120 degrees and irradiate a trapping region of a magneto-optical trap along the horizontal direction, the composite light beam is composed of four frequencies of trapping light, probe light, Raman light and stop light in the vertical direction respectively, the trapping light in the composite light beam is reflected by a Raman reflector to form fourth trapping light 10a and fifth trapping light 10b which are oppositely emitted in the vertical plane, the five trapping light beams and a pair of reverse Helmholtz coils which provide a gradient magnetic field form the magneto-optical trap, the pair of reverse Helmholtz coils are located in the vertical direction and are arranged up and down, the coil located at the upper part in the drawing is marked by 17a, and the coil located at the lower part in the drawing is marked by 17 b.
In the above device, the fluorescence collecting means is further composed of a first plano-convex doublet 15a, a second plano-convex doublet 15b, and a meniscus lens 15 c. The combined use of three lenses can reduce aberration, and atoms emit fluorescence which is diverged through the first doublet, the second doublet is focused, and the meniscus lens is further focused on the detector.
In the above device, the five beams of trapping light include two frequencies of laser light, i.e., cooling light and re-pumping light. The cooling light decelerates background rubidium atoms under the action of scattering force, and the pumping light is used for improving the efficiency of atom cooling.
In the device, the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively connected with the corresponding glass pipelines through the first flange interface 4a and the second flange interface 4 b.
The following description of the implementation process of the magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement according to the present invention with reference to the working principles of the magneto-optical trap and the gravimeter is as follows:
1. working principle of magneto-optical trap
The traditional magnetic optical trap consists of three pairs of mutually perpendicular space standing wave fields generated by lasers with specific polarization states and quadrupole gradient magnetic fields generated by a pair of reverse Helmholtz coils. The trapping technique is based on the imbalance of laser scattering force caused by quadrupole magnetic field, so as to bind atoms in a certain area of space, and the atoms are subjected to the deceleration force (damping force) of the laser and the position-dependent force (restoring force) pushing to the center of the magnetic field after entering the laser intersection area, which can be expressed as:
the five-beam magneto-optical trap model is characterized in that k is laser wave loss, v and omega are energy level resonance frequency and laser frequency respectively, the detuning quantity delta is v-omega, upsilon is the movement speed of atoms, β is a damping coefficient.
2. Working principle of gravimeter
The cold atom gravimeter is based on the control of two-photon stimulated Raman transition on the internal state of an atom. The atomic group cooled by the laser freely falls under the action of a gravity field, and three pairs of Raman pulses are acted to split, reverse and combine atoms in the falling process, so that the interference of atomic quantum states is realized, and finally, a gravity value is extracted from interference fringe phase information. The relationship between the total phase difference delta phi and the gravity acceleration g in the atomic interference process is as follows:
wherein k iseffIn the experiment, interference fringe signals in the atom falling process can be obtained by scanning α, and further a gravity acceleration value can be extracted.
Third, the implementation process of the invention
1. Cold atom preparation
As shown in fig. 1, rubidium atoms are released into a vacuum cavity through a rubidium source, parameters of five-beam trapping light of a magneto-optical trap and a pair of reverse helmholtz coils are adjusted, cooling of the rubidium atoms is achieved by utilizing a laser cooling and trapping technology, and after the cold atoms in the magneto-optical trap are loaded to reach a stable state, polarization gradient cooling is performed by reducing the power of cooling light and increasing the detuning quantity of the cooling light, so that the atom temperature is further reduced, and the required temperature and the number of cold atoms are obtained;
2. atomic cloud initial state preparation and velocity selection
Firstly, defining a quantization axis through a bias magnetic field, then preparing cold atoms on a magnetic insensitive state through a microwave state selection technology, then acting on a Raman pi pulse laser to select the atom speed, blowing away atoms on other magnetic insensitive Zeeman energy levels by using blowing-off light during the process, and finally selecting a quantum state purified atom group;
3. process of atomic interference
After the state selection is completed, the cold atom cloud 11 falls freely under the action of gravity. Three pairs of Raman pulses (pi/2-pi/2) are respectively acted at different moments when the atoms fall into the interference region, so that beam splitting, state inversion and beam combining processes of atom clouds are completed, and the interference process of atom internal states is realized;
4. detection and signal extraction
After the interference process is finished, a short stopping light beam is firstly applied to separate atoms in F & lt 1 & gt states and F & lt 2 & gt states in the gravity direction, two groups of atoms enter a detection area to respectively act with two detection light beams, emitted fluorescence is collected through a fluorescence collection system and then respectively passes through a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector, the first photoelectric detector is used for detecting the fluorescence emitted by the atoms in the F & lt 1 & gt states after interference, the second photoelectric detector is used for detecting the fluorescence emitted by the atoms in the F & lt 2 & gt states after interference, the change condition of the population number of two ground states is obtained after detection, stable interference fringes are obtained after normalization, and then the gravity acceleration value is extracted from the fringe information.
In summary, the invention designs a novel magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurement. The device mainly comprises a vacuum unit and an optical path unit. The vacuum unit is a full-glass vacuum cavity structure formed by bonding microcrystalline glass. The light path unit mainly comprises a five-beam magneto-optical trap with a special configuration, and functional lasers such as Raman light, detection light and a fluorescence collection device in the vertical direction. The vacuum unit of the device is characterized in that the ion pump and the alkali metal atom source are designed into an angled sealing mode, so that on one hand, compared with the conventional vertical sealing mode, the space can be greatly saved, on the other hand, the structure is complementary with the five-beam magneto-optical trap structure in space, the structure of the gravity meter sensing head is compact, and the miniaturization of the whole gravity meter system is facilitated. The invention mainly solves the key technical problems of miniaturization, light weight and the like of the cold atom interference gravimeter sensing head.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Claims (4)
1. A magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurements, characterized by: the device comprises an all-glass vacuum cavity, a rubidium source angle valve, a rubidium source, an ion pump, first capture light, second capture light, third capture light, a composite light beam, a Raman reflector, a fluorescence collection device, a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector;
the upper part in the full glass vacuum cavity is a magneto-optical trap trapping area, and the lower part is an interference area and a detection area in sequence; the rubidium source is connected with a rubidium source angle valve, the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively connected with two glass pipelines welded outside the all-glass vacuum cavity in a sealing mode, and the two glass pipelines are obliquely connected with the outer wall of the vacuum cavity outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the capture area of the magneto-optical trap, so that the vacuum cavity is in angle sealing connection with the ion pump and the rubidium source; a vacuum pre-pumping port is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the ion pump and the corresponding glass pipeline, and a crushable and sealable oxygen-free copper pipe is connected at the vacuum pre-pumping port; the Raman reflector is arranged right below the vacuum cavity, the fluorescence collecting device is arranged at a horizontal position outside the vacuum cavity corresponding to the detection area, and the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are arranged outside the fluorescence collecting device;
the first trapping light, the second trapping light and the third trapping light are arranged in the same horizontal plane at an included angle of 120 degrees and irradiate the magneto-optical trap trapping region along the horizontal direction, the composite light beam is composed of four frequencies of trapping light, probe light, Raman light and stop light in the vertical direction respectively, the trapping light in the composite light beam is reflected by a Raman reflector to form fourth trapping light and fifth trapping light which are oppositely emitted in the vertical plane, the fifth trapping light and a pair of reverse Helmholtz coils which provide a gradient magnetic field form a magneto-optical trap, and the pair of reverse Helmholtz coils are located in the vertical direction and are arranged up and down.
2. A magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurements according to claim 1, characterized by: the fluorescence collecting device is composed of a first plano-convex doublet, a second plano-convex doublet and a meniscus lens.
3. A magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurements according to claim 1, characterized by: the five beams of trapping light include two frequencies of laser light of cooling light and re-pumping light.
4. A magneto-optical trap device for gravity measurements according to claim 1, characterized by: the rubidium source angle valve and the ion pump are respectively connected with the corresponding glass pipelines through flange interfaces.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111863377A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Coil structure, coil parameter determination method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN111983708A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-24 | 浙江大学 | Gravity measurement device and method based on optical trap |
| CN112764115A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-07 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Quantum absolute gravimeter and probe thereof |
| CN114280681A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Vacuum structure of miniaturized atomic interferometer and CPT atomic clock |
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| CN111863377A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学技术大学 | Coil structure, coil parameter determination method and device and electronic equipment |
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