CN110849291A - Method for detecting bending radius of large-scale bent pipe - Google Patents
Method for detecting bending radius of large-scale bent pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of elbow processing detection, and discloses a method for detecting the bending radius of a large elbow. The method firstly determines the unique circle center by using the straight pipe section data with higher accuracy, calculates the distance from the side bus contour point of the inner and outer abdomens of the bending section to the circle center, calculates the average value, further calculates the bending radius of the bent pipe, can ensure the circular arcs after the fitting of the outer and inner abdomens are concentric, meets the design calculation requirements, is not influenced by personnel and equipment factors, has consistent detection results obtained by different people, and brings convenience to product manufacturing, acceptance, installation and function evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bent pipe machining detection, in particular to a method for detecting the bending radius of a large bent pipe.
Background
The bent pipe is provided with straight pipes at two ends or one end on the basis of the elbow, and plays a role in changing the direction of a pipeline in a pipeline system. With the increase of nuclear power single reactor power and the increasing improvement of safety, the bent pipe has high safety and small workload of in-service inspection due to no welding line between the straight pipe and the elbow, and is more and more widely used in a primary circuit pipeline of a nuclear island. In a loop pipeline of a nuclear island, a main pipeline and a fluctuation pipe monomer mostly adopt large-scale bent pipes with large radiuses and small arcs, different inner and outer diameters are selected according to system requirements during design, and different bending radiuses and bending angles are selected according to the arrangement condition of nuclear island equipment. The large elbow herein refers to an elbow of DN350 and above.
The bending radius of a loop elbow of a nuclear island affects the relative position of the elbow and other equipment, affects the flow resistance of a pipeline, and is one of key parameters which are mainly concerned by design. At present, equipment manufacturing standards and technical specifications often only specify numerical requirements of bending radii, for the bending radii of 'large radius and small arc' bent pipes, due to the fact that ovality and thickening and thinning of different positions of bent pipe elbows are different, the specifications of bending angles, bending radii and straight section lengths of the bent pipes are more, meanwhile, forming methods adopted by different enterprises are different, due to the fact that dispersion effects generated by metal continuity exist in straight sections and bending, transition areas exist in the straight sections and the bending, accurate positions of starting bending and final bending are difficult to determine, and therefore a unified detection method for the bending radii of the large bent pipes is difficult to specify.
In the actual execution process, each manufacturing enterprise usually performs detection according to own detection conditions and detection experiences, and the main measurement method comprises an outer abdomen and inner abdomen circular arc contour fitting calculation method and a standard digital-to-analog comparison method. Two detection methods were analyzed below.
Introduction of an outer abdomen and inner abdomen circular arc contour fitting calculation method:
as shown in FIG. 1, when the method is used for detection, firstly, a laser tracker is used for collecting data of the outer surface of a straight pipe section of a bent pipe, an excircle cylinder of the straight section is simulated, and a central characteristic point is picked up; the laser tracker is adopted to collect the outer abdomen side bus contour line data and the inner abdomen side bus contour line data of the bending section, and because the theoretical starting bending position and the theoretical final bending position cannot be determined during detection, the starting position and the final position of the outer abdomen side bus contour line and the inner abdomen side bus contour line can only be roughly estimated according to the actual physical condition.
After data are collected, measuring and analyzing software is adopted, and the excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends are used for fitting a center to axially construct a plane which is a measuring reference plane; respectively fitting and calculating the inner contour and the outer contour by using points on the generatrix contour lines of the outer abdomen and the inner abdomen of the bending sectionRadius of arc RInner part、ROuter coverThen through (R)Inner part+ROuter cover) The specific value of the bending radius is calculated by a)/2.
The outer abdomen and inner abdomen circular arc contour fitting calculation method has the following problems and disadvantages:
1. non-concentricity of circle after fitting of arc of outer abdomen and inner abdomen
As shown in FIG. 2, when circles are fitted to points on the generatrix contour lines of the outer and inner abdomens, the centers of the two circles are likely to be misaligned and pass through the case where the outer and inner abdomens are not concentric (R is a distance between the centers of the two circles)Inner part+ROuter cover) And/2, calculating the bending radius which hardly reflects the real size of the real object.
2. The data acquisition area is inconsistent with the actual arc area
When the large-scale bent pipe is bent and formed, the straight section and the bent section have a transition region due to a dispersion effect generated by the continuity of the metal fibers, namely, the straight section and the bent section are transited from a bent state to a straight pipe state. When a laser tracker is used for data acquisition, the starting position and the ending position of the circular arc are difficult to determine, and the circular arc data acquisition area is inconsistent with the circular arc actual area. Because the arc data acquisition area is inconsistent with the actual arc area, the bending radius of the real object is difficult to accurately reflect after data fitting.
3. The small change of the arc of the 'large radius, small arc' elbow pipe produces the great change of the bending radius
The relation between the arc radius and the bending angle of the bent pipe with the large radius and the small arc is shown in a figure 3 and a figure 4, when the arc position changes in millimeter level, the position corresponding to the circle center changes greatly, the calculated bending radius changes greatly, and the method is difficult to apply in engineering.
Introduction of standard digital-to-analog comparison method:
the method comprises the steps of collecting data of the outer surface of a large elbow by a laser tracker, simulating and constructing a straight pipe section cylinder by using a straight pipe section excircle data point, establishing a comparison coordinate system by using a cylinder at one end as a reference, and importing a corresponding elbow standard 3D digital model into data analysis software for analysis and calculation, or directly importing the digital model for analysis by using a free fitting method to finely adjust the coordinate system for multiple times.
The deviation values of the actual surface points and the standard digital analogy are analyzed and measured, the deviation values are screened, rough difference points are removed, an effective surface point deviation set is obtained, and the bending radius of the pipeline is indirectly calculated.
The calculation formula is as follows: rMeasured value＝RTheoretical value+Δ
And delta is the mean value of the deviation values after being compared with the standard digital model.
Problems and deficiencies of standard digital-to-analog comparison methods
When the large-scale bent pipe is modeled, the bending angle and the bending radius are in accordance with nominal sizes, the transition of the straight section and the bending section has no transition area, the bending section is in accordance with zero ellipticity, and the established digital model is an ideal model. The large-scale bent pipe is bent and formed, the bending section has ellipticity, the ellipticity of different parts is different, the thickening and thinning amount of different parts is also different, the bending section and the straight section have transition regions at the same time and have no obvious bending starting positions, and due to the reasons, the bent and formed object is a workpiece with an irregular shape.
When a standard digital model and a workpiece with an irregular shape are compared, the bending position is influenced by human factors, the relative positions of the inner abdomen, the outer abdomen and the digital model of the actual bending section are influenced by the human factors, the comparison results of different people are different, and the influence of the results on the human factors is large.
In summary, although the two methods can measure the bending radius of the large-scale bent pipe, the two methods have obvious disadvantages, including that the data results obtained by different detection methods have large differences; even with the same measurement method, the calculation results are subject to deviation due to different collected areas, which brings difficulties to product inspection, acceptance, installation and function evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for detecting the bending radius of a large-scale bent pipe, which is less influenced by personnel and equipment.
The invention discloses a method for detecting the bending radius of a large-scale bent pipe, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends of the bent pipe;
fitting a central shaft by using excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends, and obtaining a bending circle center through the fitting central shaft of the straight pipe sections at two ends;
obtaining side bus contour point data of the inner belly and the outer belly of the bending section;
calculating the distance from the side bus contour point of the inner belly and the outer belly of the bending section to the center of the bending circle, and respectively calculating the mean values of the bending radii of the inner belly and the outer belly;
and calculating the bending radius of the elbow according to the mean value of the bending radii of the inner abdomen and the outer abdomen.
Preferably, the data of the outer circles of the straight pipe sections at the two ends of the bent pipe are collected, and meanwhile the data of the profile points of the lateral buses of the inner and outer flanks of the bent pipe are collected.
Preferably, a plane is constructed by fitting central shafts of the straight pipe sections at two ends and is used as a reference surface for measurement; the obtained contour point and the bending circle center of the side bus are both positioned on the reference surface.
As an embodiment, the way to obtain the center of the curved circle is as follows:
and respectively making auxiliary parallel lines of fitting central shafts of the straight pipe sections at two ends on the reference surface, wherein the auxiliary parallel lines are positioned on the inner side of the bent pipe, the distance between the auxiliary parallel lines and the fitting central shafts is a nominal value R of the bending radius, and the intersection point of the two auxiliary parallel lines is the bending circle center of the bent pipe.
As another embodiment, the way to obtain the center of the curved circle is as follows:
making an angular bisector of the included angle of the fitting central shafts of the straight pipe sections at the two ends;
making an auxiliary parallel line of a fitting central axis of one end of the straight pipe section, wherein the auxiliary parallel line is intersected with the angular bisector, and the distance from the fitting central axis is a nominal value R of the bending radius;
and the intersection point of the angular bisector and the auxiliary parallel line is the bending circle center of the bent pipe.
Preferably, the center of the bending circle is respectively perpendicular to the fitting central axis of the straight pipe sections at the two ends, the perpendicular is the arc boundary of the bent pipe, and the side generatrix contour point between the perpendicular lines at the two sides is taken for calculating the bending radius.
Preferably, the mean values of the inner and outer abdominal bending radii are calculated as follows:
in the formula, LNThe mean value of the distance from the contour point of the inner ventral bus of the bending section to the circle center;
LWthe mean value of the distance from the contour point of the generatrix of the outer belly side of the bending section to the circle center;
(X0，Y0，Z0) As the center coordinates of the bending circle, (X)i，Yi，Zi) Is the coordinate of the outline point of the ventral bus in the bending tube, (X)j，Yj，Zj) Is the external ventral generatrix contour point coordinate.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the bending radius of the elbow is as follows:
R’＝(LN+LW)/2
wherein, R' is the measured bending radius of the bent pipe.
Preferably, the data of the excircle of the straight pipe section at the two ends of the bent pipe and the data of the profile of the lateral generatrix of the inner and outer flanks of the bent section are acquired by a laser tracker.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention takes the straight pipe section as a reference, defines the circle center position, ensures that the circular arcs after fitting the outer abdomen and the inner abdomen are concentric, meets the design and calculation requirements, is not influenced by personnel and equipment factors, has consistent detection results obtained by different people, and brings convenience to product manufacture, acceptance, installation and function evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art bitmap of directly fitting computed points of an inside and outside belly arc contour;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the center deviation of the fitted circle of the outer and inner ventral lateral generatrices in the prior art;
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the deviation of the bending radius due to the slight difference in the arc boundaries in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a measurement schematic of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cut-away view of a side busbar contour point of the present invention.
The points shown in fig. 1, 3, 4 and 6 represent data points that are collected and involved in the calculations.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below.
Different from the mode of directly detecting by using the measurement data of the bending section in the prior art, as shown in figure 1, the invention firstly determines the unique circle center by using the data of the straight pipe section with higher accuracy, calculates the distance from the contour point of the side bus of the inner and outer abdomens of the bending section to the circle center, calculates the average value and further calculates the bending radius of the bent pipe. The invention discloses a method for detecting the bending radius of a large-scale bent pipe, which comprises the following steps:
collecting the excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends of the bent pipe;
fitting a central shaft by using excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends, and obtaining a bending circle center through the fitting central shaft of the straight pipe sections at two ends;
obtaining side bus contour point data of the inner belly and the outer belly of the bending section;
calculating the distance from the side bus contour point of the inner belly and the outer belly of the bending section to the center of the bending circle, and respectively calculating the mean values of the bending radii of the inner belly and the outer belly;
and calculating the bending radius of the elbow according to the mean value of the bending radii of the inner abdomen and the outer abdomen.
During specific operation, the data of the excircle of the straight pipe section and the data of the profile point of the lateral bus of the inner and outer flanks of the bent section need to be acquired, the data and the data can be acquired simultaneously, the acquisition tool is preferably a laser tracker, the measurement precision is high, the operation is simple, and other various measurement instruments such as a shape measurement instrument can be adopted.
The central shaft of the straight pipe section is fitted through the collected excircle data of the straight pipe section, in order to ensure the accuracy of fitting, points can be collected as many as possible, only deviation screening is carried out, and fitting is carried out after rough points are removed. The center of the elbow is necessarily on an angular bisector of an included angle between central axes of the straight pipe sections at the two ends, and the distances between the center of the elbow and the central axes of the straight pipe sections at the two ends are the bending radius of the elbow, so that the center of the elbow can be obtained through the central axes of the straight pipe sections at the two ends. The distance between the contour point of the outer-belly side bus bar of the bending section and the bending circle center is the outer-belly bending radius of the bent pipe, the distance between the contour point of the inner-belly side bus bar of the bending section and the bending circle center is the inner-belly bending radius of the bent pipe, and the average value of the two is the bending radius of the bent pipe. In order to ensure the accuracy of data and reduce deviation, the contour points of the inner and outer ventral bus of the bending section need to be obtained as many as possible, and then the mean value of the bending radius of the bending section needs to be calculated. For convenient operation, a plane can be constructed through the fitting central axis of the straight pipe sections at the two ends and used as a reference surface for measurement, and the obtained side bus contour point and the bending circle center are both located on the reference surface.
There are two ways to obtain the center of the curved circle based on the relationship between the fitting center axis and the center of the curved circle.
Firstly, auxiliary parallel lines of fitting central axes of straight pipe sections at two ends are respectively made on a reference surface, the auxiliary parallel lines are positioned at the inner side of the bent pipe, the distance between the auxiliary parallel lines and the fitting central axes is a nominal value R of the bending radius, and the intersection point of the two auxiliary parallel lines is the bending circle center of the bent pipe, as shown in the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the mode is adopted. Secondly, making an angular bisector of the angle of the straight pipe sections at the two ends, which is matched with the central axis; making an auxiliary parallel line of a fitting central axis of one end of the straight pipe section, wherein the auxiliary parallel line is intersected with the angular bisector, and the distance from the fitting central axis is a nominal value R of the bending radius; and the intersection point of the angular bisector and the auxiliary parallel line is the bending circle center of the bent pipe.
Under the condition of the same measurement data, the centers of the bending circles obtained by the two acquisition modes are consistent and can be used as the basis of subsequent calculation.
In order to solve the problem that theoretical starting and final bending positions cannot be determined and only starting and final positions of lateral generatrix contour lines of an outer abdomen and an inner abdomen can be roughly estimated according to actual physical conditions, as shown in fig. 5, a vertical line is respectively made towards a fitting central axis of straight pipe sections at two ends through a bending circle center, the vertical line is an arc boundary of a bent pipe, and lateral generatrix contour points between the vertical lines at two sides are taken for calculating the bending radius. As shown in fig. 6, which is an intercepted schematic diagram of the side generatrix contour points in one example, the collected side generatrix contour points on the inner and outer flanks are screened in this way, and the arc contour points which are originally difficult to define the boundary are accurately separated, so that data points used for calculation are consistent with the actual area of an arc, multiple selection and few selection of data points are avoided, and the calculation of the bending radius is more accurate.
After the bending circle center is determined and the side bus contour points of the inner abdomen and the outer abdomen are obtained, the bending radius of the bent pipe can be calculated, and the calculation formula of the mean value of the bending radius of the inner abdomen and the outer abdomen is as follows:
in the formula, LNThe mean value of the distance from the contour point of the inner-belly side generatrix of the bending section to the circle center, namely the mean value of the bending radius of the inner belly;
LWthe mean value of the distance from the contour point of the generatrix of the outer belly side of the bending section to the circle center, namely the mean value of the bending radius of the outer belly;
(X0，Y0，Z0) As the center coordinates of the bending circle, (X)i，Yi，Zi) Is the coordinate of the outline point of the ventral bus in the bending tube, (X)j，Yj，Zj) Is the external ventral generatrix contour point coordinate.
The formula for calculating the bending radius of the bent pipe is as follows:
R’＝(LN+LW)/2
wherein, R' is the measured bending radius of the bent pipe.
Claims (9)
1. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large-scale bent pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting the excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends of the bent pipe;
fitting a central shaft by using excircle data of the straight pipe sections at two ends, and obtaining a bending circle center through the fitting central shaft of the straight pipe sections at two ends;
obtaining side bus contour point data of the inner belly and the outer belly of the bending section;
calculating the distance from the side bus contour point of the inner belly and the outer belly of the bending section to the center of the bending circle, and respectively calculating the mean values of the bending radii of the inner belly and the outer belly;
and calculating the bending radius of the elbow according to the mean value of the bending radii of the inner abdomen and the outer abdomen.
2. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large-scale bent pipe according to claim 1, wherein the data of the outer circles of the straight pipe sections at the two ends of the bent pipe are collected, and the data of the profile points of the lateral generatrices of the inner and outer flanks of the bent pipe are collected at the same time.
3. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large elbow pipe according to claim 1, wherein a plane is constructed by fitting central axes of straight pipe sections at two ends and is used as a reference plane for measurement; the obtained contour point and the bending circle center of the side bus are both positioned on the reference surface.
4. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large elbow according to claim 3, wherein the bending circle center is obtained by the following method:
and respectively making auxiliary parallel lines of fitting central shafts of the straight pipe sections at two ends on the reference surface, wherein the auxiliary parallel lines are positioned on the inner side of the bent pipe, the distance between the auxiliary parallel lines and the fitting central shafts is a nominal value R of the bending radius, and the intersection point of the two auxiliary parallel lines is the bending circle center of the bent pipe.
5. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large elbow according to claim 1, wherein the bending circle center is obtained by the following method:
making an angular bisector of the included angle of the fitting central shafts of the straight pipe sections at the two ends;
making an auxiliary parallel line of a fitting central axis of one end of the straight pipe section, wherein the auxiliary parallel line is intersected with the angular bisector, and the distance from the fitting central axis is a nominal value R of the bending radius;
and the intersection point of the angular bisector and the auxiliary parallel line is the bending circle center of the bent pipe.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a perpendicular is drawn from the center of the bend to the fitting center axes of the straight pipe sections at both ends, and the perpendicular is the arc boundary of the bend, and the calculation of the bend radius is performed by taking the side generatrix contour point between the perpendicular lines at both sides.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mean value of the bending radii of the inner and outer bends is calculated as follows:
in the formula, LNThe mean value of the distance from the contour point of the inner ventral bus of the bending section to the circle center;
LWthe mean value of the distance from the contour point of the generatrix of the outer belly side of the bending section to the circle center;
(X0，Y0，Z0) As the center coordinates of the bending circle, (X)i，Yi，Zi) Is the coordinate of the outline point of the ventral bus in the bending tube, (X)j，Yj，Zj) Is the external ventral generatrix contour point coordinate.
8. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large-scale bent pipe according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the formula for calculating the bending radius of the bent pipe is as follows:
R’＝(LN+LW)/2
wherein, R' is the measured bending radius of the bent pipe.
9. The method for detecting the bending radius of the large-scale bent pipe according to claim 1, wherein the data of the excircle of the straight pipe section at the two ends of the bent pipe and the data of the lateral generatrix profile of the inner and outer flanks of the bent section are collected by a laser tracker.
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| CN115193756A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-10-18 | 江苏新恒基特种装备股份有限公司 | Elbow ovality qualified detection method and detection system |
| CN115193756B (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-22 | 江苏新恒基特种装备股份有限公司 | Elbow ovality qualified detection method and detection system |
| CN115235376A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-10-25 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Non-contact type cable laying quality detection method and detection device |
| CN115235376B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-17 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Non-contact type cable laying quality detection method and detection device |
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