CN110849009B - Cascade refrigeration system and method for reducing starting load thereof - Google Patents
Cascade refrigeration system and method for reducing starting load thereof Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overlapping refrigerating system and a method for reducing starting load thereof, comprising a low-temperature-level refrigerating unit and a high-temperature-level refrigerating unit; the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit consists of a first refrigeration compressor, a precooler, an oil separator, a condensation evaporator, a subcooler, a heat regenerator, an evaporator, a first throttling electronic expansion valve, a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve, an expansion container, a bypass electric valve and a singlechip; the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit consists of a second refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a drying filter, a second throttling electronic expansion valve and a second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve; the starting sequence of the cascade refrigeration system is to start the high-temperature-level refrigeration unit first and then start the low-temperature-level refrigeration unit. The invention has the advantages that the time sequence control is applied, the starting load of the compressor of the low-temperature-level refrigerating unit of the cascade refrigerating system is reduced, and the starting failure of the low-temperature-level refrigerating unit is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to refrigeration systems, and more particularly to cascade refrigeration systems and methods for reducing start-up loads thereof.
Background
At present, the traditional starting mode of the cascade refrigeration system is to start the high-temperature-level refrigeration system first and then directly start the low-temperature-level refrigeration system. In the working process of the cascade refrigeration system, as the refrigeration compressor of the low-temperature-level refrigeration system is influenced by the uncertainty factors of working environment working conditions and load working conditions when being started, the starting load of the refrigeration compressor is large, and the refrigeration compressor of the low-temperature-level refrigeration system is failed to start or damaged, so that the cascade refrigeration system cannot work normally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cascade refrigeration system, and another aim of the invention is to provide a method for reducing the starting load of the cascade refrigeration system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the cascade refrigeration system comprises a low-temperature-level refrigeration unit and a high-temperature-level refrigeration unit; the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit consists of a first refrigeration compressor, a precooler, an oil separator, a condensation evaporator, a subcooler, a heat regenerator, an evaporator, a first throttling electronic expansion valve, a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve, an expansion container, a bypass electric valve and a singlechip; one path of the first refrigeration compressor exhaust port is communicated with a precooler refrigerant inlet, a precooler refrigerant outlet is communicated with an oil separator inlet, an oil separator outlet is communicated with a condensing channel inlet of a condensing evaporator, a condensing channel outlet of the condensing evaporator is communicated with a subcooler tube side inlet, a subcooler tube side outlet is communicated with a first throttling electronic expansion valve inlet, a first throttling electronic expansion valve outlet is communicated with a heat regenerator tube side inlet, and a heat regenerator tube side outlet is communicated with an evaporator inlet; the evaporator outlet is communicated with a shell side inlet of the heat regenerator, and the shell side outlet of the heat regenerator is communicated with an air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor; the other path of the exhaust port of the first refrigeration compressor is communicated with the inlet of the bypass electric valve, the outlet of the bypass electric valve is connected with the inlet of the expansion container, and the outlet of the expansion container is communicated with the air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor; the subcooler shell side outlet is communicated with a medium-pressure cavity air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor, and the subcooler shell side inlet is communicated with a subcooler tube side outlet through a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve; the control signal output end of the singlechip is respectively connected with the control signal input ends of the executors of the first throttling electronic expansion valve and the bypass electric valve;
the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit consists of a second refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a drying filter, a second throttling electronic expansion valve and a second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve; the second compressor exhaust port is communicated with the drying filter inlet through the condenser, one path of the drying filter outlet is communicated with the second compressor medium-pressure cavity air suction port through a second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve, the other path of the drying filter outlet is communicated with the evaporation channel inlet of the condensation evaporator through a second throttling electronic expansion valve, and the evaporation channel outlet of the condensation evaporator is communicated with the second compressor air suction port.
The starting load reducing method of the cascade refrigeration system comprises the steps that the high-temperature-level refrigeration unit is started first and then the low-temperature-level refrigeration unit is started; the method comprises the following specific steps:
when the evaporation pressure P of the high-temperature-level refrigeration unit h-0 ≤P h-sv When the low-temperature-level refrigerating unit is started; the P is h-0 Is the evaporation pressure of the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit, and the P h-sv A high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit evaporation pressure set value for allowing the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit to be started;
the start-up of the first refrigeration compressor is divided into three phases, namely: a first starting stage, a second starting stage and a third starting stage; the operation time length of each stage in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor is respectively as follows: the operation duration of the first starting stage is t Ⅰ The operation duration of the second starting stage is t Ⅱ The operation duration of the third starting stage is t Ⅲ ；
According to the three stages in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor, the opening change of the bypass electric valve is synchronously divided into three stages, and the opening Q of the first stage ⅠA Second stage opening degree Q ⅡA Third stage opening degree Q ⅢA ；
According to three stages in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor, the opening change of the first throttling valve is synchronously divided into three stages, and the opening Q of the first stage ⅠB Second stage opening degree Q ⅡB Third stage opening degree Q ⅢB ；
Before the first refrigeration compressor is started, the bypass electric valve is fully opened, namely the bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅠA =100%, then three start-up phases:
a first starting stage: bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅠA =100%; the singlechip sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the first throttling electronic expansion valve ⅠB Linearly increasing from 0 to Q at the end of the first start-up phase ⅠB =10%; first oneOpening degree Q of first-throttling-electrode expansion valve in starting stage ⅠB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅠB =0.2t Ⅰ ；
A second starting stage: the singlechip sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the bypass electric valve ⅡA Linearly decreasing to Q at the end of the second start-up phase ⅡA =60% while controlling the first throttle valve opening degree Q ⅡB Linearly increasing to Q at the end of the second start-up phase ⅡB =40%; second startup phase bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅡA The change rule of (1) is Q ⅡA =1-0.4t Ⅱ First throttle valve opening degree Q ⅡB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅡB =0.1+0.3t Ⅱ ；
And a third starting stage: the singlechip sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the bypass electric valve ⅢA Linearly decreasing to Q at the end of the third start-up phase ⅢA =0, while the first throttle valve opening degree Q ⅢB Linearly increasing to Q ⅢB =100%, completing the load-reducing starting process of the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit; third starting stage bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅢA Change law Q of (2) ⅢA =0.6-0.2t Ⅲ First throttle valve opening degree Q ⅢB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅢB =0.4+0.2t Ⅲ 。
The operation time length of the first starting stage is as follows: t is t Ⅰ =0.5 s; the operation duration of the second starting stage is as follows: t is t Ⅱ =1s; the operation duration of the third starting stage is as follows: t is t Ⅲ =3s。
The invention has the advantages that the time sequence control is applied, the starting load of the compressor of the low-temperature-level refrigerating unit of the cascade refrigerating system is reduced, and the starting failure of the low-temperature-level refrigerating unit is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascade refrigeration system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments and specific operation procedures are given by the embodiments of the present invention under the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the cascade refrigeration system of the present invention comprises a low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 1 and a high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 2; the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 1 consists of a first refrigeration compressor 1.1, a precooler 1.2, an oil separator 1.3, a condensation evaporator 1.4, a subcooler 1.5, a heat regenerator 1.6, an evaporator 1.7, a first throttling electronic expansion valve 1.8, a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve 1.9, an expansion container 1.10, a bypass electric valve 1.11 and a singlechip 1.12; one path of the exhaust port of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1 is communicated with the refrigerant inlet of the precooler 1.2, the refrigerant outlet of the precooler 1.2 is communicated with the inlet of the oil separator 1.3, the outlet of the oil separator 1.3 is communicated with the inlet of the condensation channel of the condensation evaporator 1.4, the outlet of the condensation channel of the condensation evaporator 1.4 is communicated with the inlet of the tube side of the subcooler 1.5, the outlet of the tube side of the subcooler 1.5 is communicated with the inlet of the first throttling electronic expansion valve 1.8, the outlet of the first throttling electronic expansion valve 1.8 is communicated with the tube side inlet of the heat regenerator 1.6, and the outlet of the tube side of the heat regenerator 1.6 is communicated with the inlet of the evaporator 1.7; the outlet of the evaporator 1.7 is communicated with the inlet of the shell side of the heat regenerator 1.6, and the outlet of the shell side of the heat regenerator 1.6 is communicated with the air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1; the other path of the exhaust port of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1 is communicated with the inlet of the bypass electric valve 1.11, the outlet of the bypass electric valve 1.11 is connected with the inlet of the expansion container 1.10, and the outlet of the expansion container 1.10 is communicated with the air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1; the subcooler 1.5 shell side outlet is communicated with the medium pressure cavity air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1, and the subcooler 1.5 shell side inlet is communicated with the subcooler 1.5 tube side outlet through a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve 1.9; the control signal output end of the singlechip 1.12 is respectively connected with the control signal input ends of the executors of the first throttling electronic expansion valve 1.8 and the bypass electric valve 1.11.
The high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 2 consists of a second compressor 2.1, a condenser 2.2, a drying filter 2.3, a second throttling electronic expansion valve 2.4 and a second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve 2.5; the exhaust port of the second compressor 2.1 is communicated with the inlet of the drying filter 2.3 through the condenser 2.2, one path of the outlet of the drying filter 2.3 is communicated with the air suction port of the medium pressure cavity of the second compressor 2.1 through the second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve 2.5, and the other path of the outlet of the drying filter is communicated with the inlet of the evaporation channel of the condensation evaporator 1.3 through the second throttling electronic expansion valve 2.4, and the outlet of the evaporation channel of the condensation evaporator 1.3 is communicated with the air suction port of the second compressor 2.1.
The starting sequence of the cascade refrigeration system of the invention is to start the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 2 first, and when the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 2 evaporates the pressure P h-0 ≤P h-sv At this time, the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 1 is restarted. P (P) h-0 The evaporation pressure P of the high-temperature-level refrigeration unit 2 h-sv The vapor pressure set point for the high temperature stage refrigeration unit 2 that allows the low temperature stage refrigeration unit 1 to be activated.
The start-up of the low-temperature stage refrigeration unit 1 comprises: the system comprises a first refrigeration compressor 1.1, a bypass electric valve 1.11, a first electronic expansion valve 1.8 and a singlechip microcomputer 1.12.
The start-up of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1 is divided into three phases: the first starting stage, the second starting stage and the third starting stage.
The operation time length of each stage in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1 is respectively as follows: the operation time length of the first starting stage is t Ⅰ The operation duration of the second starting stage is t Ⅱ The operation duration of the third starting stage is t Ⅲ 。
According to the three stages in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1, the opening change of the bypass electric valve 1.11 is also synchronously divided into three stages: first stage opening degree Q ⅠA Second stage opening degree Q ⅡA Third stage opening degree Q ⅢA 。
According to the three phases in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor 1.1, the opening variation of the first throttling valve 1.8 is also divided into three phases simultaneously: first stage opening degree Q ⅠB Second stage opening degree Q ⅡB Third stage opening degree Q ⅢB 。
Before the first refrigeration compressor 1.1 of the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 1 is started, the bypass electric valve 1.11 is fully opened, namely the opening degree Q of the bypass electric valve 1.11 ⅠA =100%; then three start-up phases are followed:
a first starting stage: bypass electric valve 1.11 opening degree Q ⅠA =100%; the singlechip 1.12 sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the first throttling valve 1.8 ⅠB Linearly increasing from 0 to Q at the end of the first start-up phase ⅠB =10%; first-stage first-throttle electronic expansion valve 1.8 opening degree Q ⅠB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅠB =0.2t Ⅰ 。
A second starting stage: the singlechip 1.12 sends out a control signal to control the opening Q of the bypass electric valve 1.11 ⅡA Linearly decreasing to Q at the end of the second start-up phase ⅡA =60% while controlling the opening degree Q of the first throttle valve 1.8 ⅡB Linearly increasing to Q at the end of the second start-up phase ⅡB =40%; second starting stage bypass electric valve 1.11 opening degree Q ⅡA The change rule of (1) is Q ⅡA =1-0.4t Ⅱ First throttle valve 1.8 opening degree Q ⅡB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅡB =0.1+0.3t Ⅱ 。
And a third starting stage: the singlechip 1.12 sends out a control signal to control the opening Q of the bypass electric valve 1.11 ⅢA Linearly decreasing to Q at the end of the third start-up phase ⅢA =0, while controlling the opening degree Q of the first throttle valve 1.8 ⅢB Linearly increasing to Q ⅢB =100%, completing the load-reducing start-up process of the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit 1. The third starting stage bypasses the motorised valve 1.11 aperture Q ⅢA Change law Q of (2) ⅢA =0.6-0.2t Ⅲ First throttle valve 1.8 opening degree Q ⅢB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅢB =0.4+0.2t Ⅲ 。
The operation duration of the first starting stage of the invention is selected as follows: t is t Ⅰ =0.5 s; the operation duration of the second starting phase is selected as follows: t is t Ⅱ =1s; the operation duration of the third starting phase is selected as follows: t is t Ⅲ =3s。
Claims (2)
1. A method for reducing start-up load using an cascade refrigeration system, comprising:
the cascade refrigeration system comprises a low-temperature-level refrigeration unit and a high-temperature-level refrigeration unit; the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit consists of a first refrigeration compressor, a precooler, an oil separator, a condensation evaporator, a subcooler, a heat regenerator, an evaporator, a first throttling electronic expansion valve, a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve, an expansion container, a bypass electric valve and a singlechip; one path of the first refrigeration compressor exhaust port is communicated with a precooler refrigerant inlet, a precooler refrigerant outlet is communicated with an oil separator inlet, an oil separator outlet is communicated with a condensing channel inlet of a condensing evaporator, a condensing channel outlet of the condensing evaporator is communicated with a subcooler tube side inlet, a subcooler tube side outlet is communicated with a first throttling electronic expansion valve inlet, a first throttling electronic expansion valve outlet is communicated with a heat regenerator tube side inlet, and a heat regenerator tube side outlet is communicated with an evaporator inlet; the evaporator outlet is communicated with a shell side inlet of the heat regenerator, and the shell side outlet of the heat regenerator is communicated with an air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor; the other path of the exhaust port of the first refrigeration compressor is communicated with the inlet of the bypass electric valve, the outlet of the bypass electric valve is connected with the inlet of the expansion container, and the outlet of the expansion container is communicated with the air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor; the subcooler shell side outlet is communicated with a medium-pressure cavity air suction port of the first refrigeration compressor, and the subcooler shell side inlet is communicated with a subcooler tube side outlet through a first electromagnetic liquid spraying valve; the control signal output end of the singlechip is respectively connected with the control signal input ends of the executors of the first throttling electronic expansion valve and the bypass electric valve;
the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit consists of a second refrigeration compressor, a condenser, a drying filter, a second throttling electronic expansion valve and a second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve; the second compressor exhaust port is communicated with the drying filter inlet through the condenser, one path of the drying filter outlet is communicated with the second compressor medium-pressure cavity air suction port through a second electromagnetic liquid spraying valve, the other path of the drying filter outlet is communicated with the evaporation channel inlet of the condensation evaporator through a second throttling electronic expansion valve, and the evaporation channel outlet of the condensation evaporator is communicated with the second compressor air suction port;
the starting sequence is to start the high-temperature-stage refrigerating unit first and then start the low-temperature-stage refrigerating unit; the method comprises the following specific steps:
when the evaporation pressure P of the high-temperature-level refrigeration unit h-0 ≤P h-sv When the low-temperature-level refrigerating unit is started; the P is h-0 Is the evaporation pressure of the high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit, and the P h-sv A high-temperature-stage refrigeration unit evaporation pressure set value for allowing the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit to be started;
the start-up of the first refrigeration compressor is divided into three phases, namely: a first starting stage, a second starting stage and a third starting stage; the operation time length of each stage in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor is respectively as follows: the operation duration of the first starting stage is t Ⅰ The operation duration of the second starting stage is t Ⅱ The operation duration of the third starting stage is t Ⅲ ；
According to the three stages in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor, the opening change of the bypass electric valve is synchronously divided into three stages, and the opening Q of the first stage ⅠA Second stage opening degree Q ⅡA Third stage opening degree Q ⅢA ；
According to three stages in the starting process of the first refrigeration compressor, the opening change of the first throttling valve is synchronously divided into three stages, and the opening Q of the first stage ⅠB Second stage opening degree Q ⅡB Third stage opening degree Q ⅢB ；
Before the first refrigeration compressor is started, the bypass electric valve is fully opened, namely the bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅠA =100%, then three start-up phases:
a first starting stage: bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅠA =100%; the singlechip sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the first throttling electronic expansion valve ⅠB Linearly increasing from 0 to Q at the end of the first start-up phase ⅠB =10%; first-stage first-throttle-valve opening degree Q ⅠB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅠB =0.2t Ⅰ ；
A second starting stage: the singlechip sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the bypass electric valve ⅡA Linearly decreasing to Q at the end of the second start-up phase ⅡA =60% while controlling the first throttle valve opening degree Q ⅡB Linearly increasing to Q at the end of the second start-up phase ⅡB =40%；Second startup phase bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅡA The change rule of (1) is Q ⅡA =1-0.4t Ⅱ First throttle valve opening degree Q ⅡB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅡB =0.1+0.3t Ⅱ ；
And a third starting stage: the singlechip sends out a control signal to control the opening degree Q of the bypass electric valve ⅢA Linearly decreasing to Q at the end of the third start-up phase ⅢA =0, while the first throttle valve opening degree Q ⅢB Linearly increasing to Q ⅢB =100%, completing the load-reducing starting process of the low-temperature-stage refrigeration unit; third starting stage bypass electric valve opening degree Q ⅢA Change law Q of (2) ⅢA =0.6-0.2t Ⅲ First throttle valve opening degree Q ⅢB The change rule of (1) is Q ⅢB =0.4+0.2t Ⅲ 。
2. The method for reducing start-up load using an cascade refrigeration system of claim 1, wherein: the operation duration of the first starting stage is as follows: t is t Ⅰ =0.5 s; the operation duration of the second starting stage is as follows: t is t Ⅱ =1s; the operation duration of the third starting stage is as follows: t is t Ⅲ =3s。
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