CN110848697B - Waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism and application thereof - Google Patents
Waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110848697B CN110848697B CN201911137149.3A CN201911137149A CN110848697B CN 110848697 B CN110848697 B CN 110848697B CN 201911137149 A CN201911137149 A CN 201911137149A CN 110848697 B CN110848697 B CN 110848697B
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/12—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of plastics, e.g. rubber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/20—Dewatering by mechanical means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of waste plastic recycling, in particular to a waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on a pyrolysis and gasification mechanism and application thereof; the process comprises the following steps: 1) pre-melting the pre-treated mixed waste plastic; 2) neutralizing and absorbing the waste gas produced in the step 1) and then feeding the waste gas into a pyrolysis gasification system as a gasification medium; meanwhile, the waste plastics produced in the step 1) are also sent into a pyrolysis gasification system and react under the action of bed materials to produce pyrolysis gasification gas; 3) carrying out gas-solid separation on the pyrolysis gasification gas produced in the step 2), then respectively conveying the separated gas and carbon slag to a combustion system, and carrying out heat recovery on hot flue gas produced by combustion; 4) and (4) purifying the flue gas subjected to heat recycling in the step 3) and then discharging. The process effectively solves the problem that the prior pyrolysis can not effectively realize the resource utilization of different types of plastics due to various types, different components and impurity inclusion of the waste plastics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste plastic recycling, in particular to a waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on a pyrolysis and gasification mechanism and application thereof.
Background
The information disclosed in this background of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Plastic products using petroleum as raw materials bring convenience to human production and life, and also cause increasingly serious pollution problems. The ecological environment is seriously affected by harmful substances emitted from the waste plastics in long-term exposure and weathering. At present, the waste plastics are treated mainly by landfill, incineration, recycling and chemical recovery. The landfill method has less investment, but needs to occupy large-area land resources; the burning method can recover heat energy, but the direct burning of the waste plastics can generate harmful gas pollution such as HCl, HCN and the like; the amount of waste plastics added in the material regeneration manufacturing is limited, the quality of regenerated products is reduced, and articles in a container are easily polluted by waste plastics; the chemical recovery method comprises pyrolysis, gasification, liquid-gas pressure hydrogenation and the like, can obtain chemical basic raw materials or fuels, has less pollution and has better environmental protection and economic benefit advantages.
The waste plastic pyrolysis is a process of heating plastic to generate a thermochemical conversion reaction under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency to generate combustible gas, oil-water mixed liquid and a solid product. In order to better utilize waste plastics and change waste into valuable, people develop a process for preparing oil by pyrolyzing waste plastics, which comprises the following steps: generally, molecular chains of waste plastics are broken at the temperature of 300-800 ℃ to generate mixed oil gas of saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon, the oil gas is reformed and further catalytically cracked to form oil gas with relatively uniform molecular weight, and then the oil gas is condensed and rectified to generate a series of products such as gasoline or diesel oil.
Disclosure of Invention
Further, the inventors found that the existing waste plastic pyrolysis process still suffers from the following disadvantages: because the waste plastics are various in types, different in components and mixed with impurities, except parts such as plastic bottles and the like which are easy to sort and have obvious recycling value, most of the rest waste plastics are difficult to effectively classify and process, and if the gasoline or diesel oil produced by pyrolyzing the waste plastics with different types of components by adopting a unified process is still a mixture of oil and plastics, namely a certain amount of small molecular plastics exist in the oil. When in combustion, a large amount of smoke dust is generated due to the existence of a small amount of micromolecular plastics, and secondary pollution to the environment is easy to cause. In addition, when the gasoline or diesel oil contacts with air, plastics can be formed again because of volatilization of small molecule oil gas or copolymerization of small molecule oil gas under the action of oxygen molecules.
Therefore, although pyrolysis is a way to convert waste plastics into fuel oil, the pyrolysis equipment is limited to the problems of complicated process control, high energy consumption, separate purification and extraction of oil gas after pyrolysis, complicated pyrolysis oil components, low economy and the like, and is difficult to be widely popularized and applied in industry.
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a waste plastic cleaning process based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism and its application, so as to realize the clean conversion treatment and energy utilization of waste plastics.
The first object of the present invention: provides a waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanisms.
The second object of the present invention: provides the application of the cleaning treatment process of the waste plastic.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on a pyrolysis and gasification mechanism comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-melting the pre-treated mixed waste plastics to change the original physical properties of different plastics and make the properties of the mixed waste plastics tend to be consistent;
(2) neutralizing and absorbing the waste gas produced in the step (1) and then feeding the waste gas serving as a gasification medium into a pyrolysis gasification system; meanwhile, the waste plastics produced in the step (1) are also sent into a pyrolysis gasification system and react under the action of bed materials to produce pyrolysis gasification gas;
(3) carrying out gas-solid separation on the pyrolysis gasification gas produced in the step (2), then respectively conveying the separated gas and carbon slag to a combustion system, and carrying out heat recovery on hot flue gas produced by combustion;
(4) and (4) purifying the flue gas subjected to heat recycling in the step (3) and then discharging.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention changes the original physical properties of different plastics by adopting the pre-melting treatment, leads the properties of the mixed waste plastics to tend to be consistent, realizes the consistency of the properties of the waste plastic pyrolysis gasification materials, and solves the problems that the waste plastics are large in change of physical and chemical characteristics under heating, have a heating liquefaction process, are easy to coke and die, and the like.
(2) The method adopts the light fluidized heat carrier and the coking inhibitor bed material, and carries out pyrolysis gasification reaction at a higher reaction temperature, so that the energy is self-sufficient, and the clean energy treatment of the mixed waste plastic is realized.
(3) The process of the invention well overcomes the problem that the prior pyrolysis can not effectively realize the resource utilization of different types of plastics due to various types, different components and impurity inclusion of the waste plastics, and has the advantages of high economy, easy industrial application and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a waste plastic treatment process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described above, although pyrolysis is a way to convert waste plastics into fuel oil, it is still difficult to widely popularize and apply in industry because pyrolysis is limited to separate purification and extraction of oil gas after pyrolysis, and pyrolysis oil has complex components and low economy. Therefore, the invention provides a clean treatment process of waste plastics based on a pyrolysis and gasification mechanism.
In some exemplary embodiments, in the step (1), the pre-treating includes: the mixed waste plastic is subjected to one or a combination of more of the processes of crushing, impurity removal, washing, draining, mechanical dehydration, thermal drying and the like.
In some exemplary embodiments, in the step (2), the mixed waste plastic is melted by heating with external heat, and then the premelting temperature is maintained above the temperature range of chlorine-containing plastic (such as vinyl chloride) decomposing to release chlorine-containing gas (such as hydrogen chloride), and the chlorine-containing gas released in the premelting process is removed by means of nitrogen purging or negative pressure air suction, so as to facilitate subsequent individual centralized treatment of such pollution gas.
The premelting treatment is one of key technologies of the invention, can change the original physical properties of different plastics, leads the properties of mixed waste plastics to tend to be consistent, realizes the consistency of the properties of the waste plastic pyrolysis gasification materials, and solves the problems that the waste plastics are large in change of physical and chemical characteristics under heating, have a heating liquefaction process, are easy to coke and die, and the like.
Further, in the step (2), the generated waste gas is neutralized by alkali liquor to absorb acid gases such as hydrogen chloride and the like, so that the chlorine-containing waste gas is prevented from entering a subsequent gasification combustion reaction stage to generate dioxin, and unabsorbed non-condensable gas is sent to a pyrolysis gasification system for further reaction.
In some exemplary embodiments, the waste plastics produced in step (2) are shredded and then sent to a pyrolysis gasification system for processing. Optionally, the waste plastic has a crushed particle size of 2-5 mm.
Because the plastic material produced by pre-melting is in a long and thin strip shape, the character characteristics of the material element components, the material physical and chemical properties and the like of the mixed waste plastic tend to be consistent after cooling and crushing treatment, favorable material conditions with uniform properties are created for the subsequent pyrolysis and gasification process, the materials entering the pyrolysis and gasification system are ensured to have uniform uniformity, the consistency and the synchronization of the chemical reaction process of the materials in the pyrolysis and gasification system are controlled, the controllability of the reaction process is improved, the continuous and stable operation of the system is ensured, and the applicability of the pyrolysis and gasification system to the treatment of different types of mixed waste plastic is greatly enhanced.
Furthermore, large non-melting plastics generated after the pre-melting treatment can be returned to the pre-treatment process for sorting and impurity removal, or the large non-melting plastics are mixed with waste plastic raw materials after secondary crushing for subsequent treatment.
In some exemplary embodiments, in the step (2), the bed material is a light fluidized heat carrier and a coking inhibitor, and the components of the bed material are silicon-containing compounds (such as SiO)2，SiO2-Al2O3Silicon-aluminum microspheres, SiO supported with Ni, Pt or Fe2-Al2O3Silica-alumina microspheres, etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., CaCO)3、Al2(SO4)3Etc.), phosphorus-containing compounds (e.g., P)2O5Etc.), metal oxides (e.g., CuO, Fe2O3ZnO, etc.); preferably, the adding amount is 1-5% of the mass of the waste plastics, and the waste plastics enter the pyrolysis gasification system through a bed feeding device.
Further, the second key technology of the process of the invention is as follows: when the bed material is used for pyrolysis gasification, air and water vapor are additionally supplemented to serve as gasification media, namely, the waste gas generated in the step (1) and the additionally supplemented air and water vapor are jointly used as the gasification media in the process. This is because: the gas quantity generated in the step (1) under the action of nitrogen purging or negative pressure extraction is limited, the gas is an inert or weak oxidizing gas environment, the additionally supplemented air can provide certain oxygen for the pyrolysis gasification system, the partial combustion decomposition and gas phase conversion reaction of the materials are promoted, the heat is released to maintain the operation temperature of the pyrolysis gasification system, and the phenomenon that macromolecular long carbon chain products are easily generated in a dry distillation state under the condition of no oxygen or serious oxygen deficiency is avoided, so that the gas products are lightened; the supplemented steam can adjust the temperature distribution in the reactor to be uniform, avoid local overheating, coking and carbonization, and provide hydrogen for pyrolysis and gasification reaction to lighten the product.
Further, the total content of oxygen in the waste gas and the additional supplementary air is 10-25% of the amount of oxygen required for complete combustion of the waste plastics, so as to ensure the full progress of the pyrolysis gasification reaction of the waste plastics.
Further, the additional supplementary water vapor amount is 10-30% of the air amount in the pyrolysis gasification system.
Further, the operation temperature of the pyrolysis gasification system is 500-850 ℃.
The pyrolysis gasification process described above is characterized by higher temperatures and less additional air because: the gas density at high temperature is small, and on the premise of the same reaction space, the gas velocity can be increased at a smaller gas flow, the mixing speed and degree of gas, liquid and solid in the pyrolysis gasification system are enhanced, and coking is avoided.
Meanwhile, the higher reaction temperature can promote the cracking conversion of the macromolecular organic substances of the waste plastics on the one hand, promote the plastics to be converted into low-molecular energy gas more thoroughly and ensure the light energy product. On the other hand, at a relatively high temperature, the additive such as limestone is decomposed into metal oxides such as calcium oxide, and the metal oxides react with chlorides and sulfides released from the plastic in a water vapor atmosphere, so that the process product is clean.
In some exemplary embodiments, the step (1) premelting apparatus is an external thermal dry distillation type pyrolysis reactor.
In some typical embodiments, the hot flue gas generated by combustion in step (3) is divided into two parts, wherein one part of the hot flue gas enters a waste heat boiler for heat recovery to produce steam for export, and the other part of the hot flue gas is introduced back to be used for pre-melting of mixed waste plastics in step (1).
And further, the heat-induced hot flue gas is subjected to heat exchange through a steam superheater, is cooled to the temperature required by the pre-melting of the mixed waste plastics in the step (1), and is used for the pre-melting of the mixed waste plastics in the step (1).
In some exemplary embodiments, in the step (3), air required for combustion in the combustion system is supplied to the combustion system in at least two stages, and the fuel gas is supplied to the combustion system in at least two stages, so that staged combustion is realized while ensuring that the combustion temperature thoroughly decomposes organic substances, the combustion temperature is controlled, and generation of nitrogen oxides is suppressed.
In some exemplary embodiments, in step (3), at least one stage of fuel gas and one stage of air distribution are introduced into the combustion system upstream of the input carbon residue, so as to achieve sufficient burning of the carbon residue and complete release of heat of the waste plastics, and minimize the heat reduction rate of the slag of the combustion system.
In some exemplary embodiments, in step (4), the purification treatment includes one or a combination of processes of denitration, desulfurization, dedusting, and removal of environmental pollutants such as dioxin.
In addition, the waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on the pyrolysis and gasification mechanism can also be used in the field of environmental protection; in particular to the resource treatment of the mixed waste plastics which are difficult to sort.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
First embodimentReferring to fig. 1, a process for resourcefully treating waste plastics and cleaning based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism comprises the following steps:
s1, performing coarse powder scattering and heavy pressure dehydration pretreatment on the mixed waste plastic raw material separated from the household garbage to avoid the conglobation and bonding of the large blocks of the waste plastic and remove the accumulated moisture in a packaging bag or a container.
The mixed waste plastic raw material mainly comprises packaging waste plastics of foods, commodities, express delivery and the like and container waste plastics of daily necessities, cosmetics and the like.
S2, performing premelting treatment on the pretreated mixed waste plastics sequentially in different temperature sections from low to high, wherein the premelting temperature sections are respectively 300 ℃, 400 ℃ and 500 ℃, the temperature can enable chlorine-containing plastics to be decomposed to release hydrogen chloride, then utilizing nitrogen to thoroughly remove gas products such as the hydrogen chloride released by premelting at a sweeping gas speed of 0.2m/S, introducing S3 after washing and absorbing the generated waste gas in alkali liquor water bath with the pH value of more than 10, and effectively removing acid gases such as the hydrogen chloride and avoiding the chlorine-containing waste gas from entering a subsequent gasification combustion reaction stage to generate dioxin harmful gas. The plastic material produced by pre-melting is in a slender strip shape, and is cooled and crushed until the particle size is 2-5 mm.
And S3, respectively feeding the waste plastics produced in the step S2 and the waste gas subjected to neutralization and absorption treatment into a pyrolysis and gasification system, and reacting under the action of bed materials to produce pyrolysis and gasification fuel gas.
The bed material comprises a light fluidized heat carrier and a coking inhibitor and is composed of quartz sand (main component SiO)2) Limestone powder (main component CaCO)3) Silicon-aluminum microsphere (main component Ni-SiO)2-Al2O3) The total amount of the added mixture in the process is 2 percent of the mass of the waste plastics, and the mixture enters a pyrolysis gasification system through a bed material adding device.
The grain size of the bed material is 0.3-0.5mm, and the adding mass ratio of the quartz sand, the limestone powder and the silicon-aluminum microspheres is 7: 1: 0.3.
the operating temperature of the pyrolysis gasification system is 600-650 ℃, and the gasification medium mainly comprises the waste gas subjected to neutralization and absorption treatment and additional supplemented air and water vapor, wherein the total content of oxygen in the waste gas and the additional supplemented air is 20% of the amount of oxygen required by the complete combustion of the waste plastics; the additional supplementary water vapor amount (kg) is the air amount (Nm) in the pyrolysis gasification system3) 20% of the total.
S4, feeding the pyrolysis gasification fuel gas produced in the step S3 into a cyclone separator for gas-solid separation, and then respectively conveying the separated fuel gas and carbon residue to a combustion system;
air required by combustion of the combustion system is fed into the combustion system in two stages, and the fuel gas is fed into the combustion system in two stages; the combustion system is provided with primary fuel gas and primary air distribution at the upstream of the input carbon slag, so that the carbon slag is fully burned and the heat of waste plastics is completely released, and the heat decrease rate of the slag of the combustion system is reduced to the minimum.
And S5, sequentially carrying out heat grading recovery on the hot flue gas produced in the step S4 through a waste heat boiler, an economizer 1, an economizer 2 and an economizer 3 to prepare steam, and simultaneously respectively extracting flue gas with the temperature of about 500 ℃ from a flue between the waste heat boiler and the economizer 1, extracting flue gas with the temperature of about 400 ℃ from a flue between the economizer 1 and the economizer 2, and extracting flue gas with the temperature of about 300 ℃ from a flue between the economizer 2 and the economizer 3 to be led back for the pre-melting of the mixed plastics in the step S2.
And S6, the flue gas subjected to heat recycling is subjected to denitration, desulfurization, dust removal and dioxin removal, and then is discharged.
Second embodimentReferring to fig. 1, a process for resourcefully treating waste plastics and cleaning based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism comprises the following steps:
s1, performing coarse powder scattering and heavy pressure dehydration pretreatment on the mixed waste plastic raw material separated from the household garbage to avoid the conglobation and bonding of the large blocks of the waste plastic and remove the accumulated moisture in a packaging bag or a container.
The mixed waste plastic raw material mainly comprises packaging waste plastics of foods, commodities, express delivery and the like and container waste plastics of daily necessities, cosmetics and the like.
S2, performing premelting treatment on the pretreated mixed waste plastics sequentially through different temperature sections from low to high, wherein the premelting temperature sections are 320 ℃, 400 ℃ and 530 ℃, respectively, the temperature can enable chlorine-containing plastics to be decomposed to release hydrogen chloride, then utilizing nitrogen to thoroughly remove gas products such as the hydrogen chloride released by premelting at a purge gas speed of 0.1m/S, introducing S3 after washing and absorbing the generated waste gas in alkali liquor water bath with the pH value of more than 10, and effectively removing acid gases such as the hydrogen chloride and avoiding the chlorine-containing waste gas from entering a subsequent gasification combustion reaction stage to generate dioxin harmful gas. The plastic material produced by pre-melting is in a slender strip shape, and is cooled and crushed until the particle size is 2-5 mm.
And S3, respectively feeding the waste plastics produced in the step S2 and the waste gas subjected to neutralization and absorption treatment into a pyrolysis and gasification system, and reacting under the action of bed materials to produce pyrolysis and gasification fuel gas.
The bed material comprises a light fluidized heat carrier and a coking inhibitor and is composed of quartz sand (main component SiO)2) Limestone powder (main component CaCO)3)、P2O5And CuO, the total amount of the added mixture is 1 percent of the mass of the waste plastics, and the mixture enters a pyrolysis gasification system through a bed material adding device.
The particle size of the bed material is 0.3-0.5mm, and the bed material is quartz sand, limestone powder and P2O5The adding mass ratio of CuO to CuO is 8: 1: 0.5: 0.8.
the operating temperature of the pyrolysis gasification system is 500-550 ℃, and the gasification media mainly comprise the waste gas subjected to neutralization and absorption treatment and additional supplemented air and water vapor, wherein the total content of oxygen in the waste gas and the additional supplemented air is 10% of the amount of oxygen required by the complete combustion of the waste plastics; the additional supplementary water vapor amount (kg) is the air amount (Nm) in the pyrolysis gasification system3) 30% of the total.
S4, feeding the pyrolysis gasification fuel gas produced in the step S3 into a cyclone separator for gas-solid separation, and then respectively conveying the separated fuel gas and carbon residue to a combustion system;
air required by combustion of the combustion system is fed into the combustion system in two stages, and the fuel gas is fed into the combustion system in two stages; the combustion system is provided with primary fuel gas and primary air distribution at the upstream of the input carbon slag, so that the carbon slag is fully burned and the heat of waste plastics is completely released, and the heat decrease rate of the slag of the combustion system is reduced to the minimum.
S5, the hot flue gas produced in the step S4 is subjected to heat grading recovery through a waste heat boiler, an economizer 1, an economizer 2 and an economizer 3 to prepare steam, and meanwhile flue gas with the temperature of about 530 ℃ is extracted from a flue between the waste heat boiler and the economizer 1, flue gas with the temperature of about 400 ℃ is extracted from a flue between the economizer 1 and the economizer 2, and flue gas with the temperature of about 320 ℃ is extracted from a flue between the economizer 2 and the economizer 3 to be led back to be used for pre-melting of the mixed plastics in the step S2.
And S6, the flue gas subjected to heat recycling is subjected to denitration, desulfurization, dust removal and dioxin removal, and then is discharged.
Third embodimentReferring to fig. 1, a process for resourcefully treating waste plastics and cleaning based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism comprises the following steps:
s1, performing coarse powder scattering and heavy pressure dehydration pretreatment on the mixed waste plastic raw material separated from the household garbage to avoid the conglobation and bonding of the large blocks of the waste plastic and remove the accumulated moisture in a packaging bag or a container.
The mixed waste plastic raw material mainly comprises packaging waste plastics of foods, commodities, express delivery and the like and container waste plastics of daily necessities, cosmetics and the like.
S2, performing premelting treatment on the pretreated mixed waste plastics sequentially in different temperature sections from low to high, wherein the premelting temperature sections are respectively 300 ℃, 420 ℃ and 500 ℃, the temperature can enable chlorine-containing plastics to be decomposed to release hydrogen chloride, then utilizing nitrogen to thoroughly remove gas products such as the hydrogen chloride released by premelting at a purge gas speed of 0.2m/S, introducing S3 after washing and absorbing the generated waste gas in alkali liquor water bath with the pH value of more than 10, and effectively removing acid gases such as the hydrogen chloride and avoiding the chlorine-containing waste gas from entering a subsequent gasification combustion reaction stage to generate dioxin harmful gas. The plastic material produced by pre-melting is in a slender strip shape, and is cooled and crushed until the particle size is 2-5 mm.
And S3, respectively feeding the waste plastics produced in the step S2 and the waste gas subjected to neutralization and absorption treatment into a pyrolysis and gasification system, and reacting under the action of bed materials to produce pyrolysis and gasification fuel gas.
The bed material comprises a light fluidized heat carrier and a coking inhibitor and is composed of quartz sand (main component SiO)2) And limestone powder (main component CaCO)3) The total amount of the added mixture is 5 percent of the mass of the waste plastics, and the mixture enters a pyrolysis gasification system through a bed material adding device.
The particle size of the bed material is 0.3-0.5mm, and the adding mass ratio of the bed material to the quartz sand to the limestone powder is 7: 1.
the operating temperature of the pyrolysis gasification system is 800-; the additional supplementary water vapor amount (kg) is the air amount (Nm) in the pyrolysis gasification system3) 10% of the total.
S4, feeding the pyrolysis gasification fuel gas produced in the step S3 into a cyclone separator for gas-solid separation, and then respectively conveying the separated fuel gas and carbon residue to a combustion system;
air required by combustion of the combustion system is fed into the combustion system in two stages, and the fuel gas is fed into the combustion system in two stages; the combustion system is provided with primary fuel gas and primary air distribution at the upstream of the input carbon slag, so that the carbon slag is fully burned and the heat of waste plastics is completely released, and the heat decrease rate of the slag of the combustion system is reduced to the minimum.
And S5, sequentially carrying out heat grading recovery on the hot flue gas produced in the step S4 through a waste heat boiler, an economizer 1, an economizer 2 and an economizer 3 to prepare steam, and simultaneously extracting flue gas with the temperature of about 500 ℃ from a flue between the waste heat boiler and the economizer 1, extracting flue gas with the temperature of about 420 ℃ from a flue between the economizer 1 and the economizer 2, and extracting flue gas with the temperature of about 300 ℃ from a flue between the economizer 2 and the economizer 3 to be led back for the pre-melting of the mixed plastics in the step S2.
And S6, the flue gas subjected to heat recycling is subjected to denitration, desulfurization, dust removal and dioxin removal, and then is discharged.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. A waste plastic cleaning treatment process based on a pyrolysis and gasification mechanism is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pre-melting the pre-treated mixed waste plastics in different temperature zones from low to high in sequence;
(2) neutralizing and absorbing the waste gas produced in the step (1) and then feeding the waste gas serving as a gasification medium into a pyrolysis gasification system; meanwhile, the waste plastics produced in the step (1) are also sent into a pyrolysis gasification system and react under the action of bed materials to produce pyrolysis gasification gas;
(3) carrying out gas-solid separation on the pyrolysis gasification gas produced in the step (2), then respectively conveying the separated gas and carbon slag to a combustion system, and carrying out heat recovery on hot flue gas produced by combustion;
(4) purifying the flue gas subjected to heat recycling in the step (3) and then discharging;
when the bed material is used for pyrolysis and gasification, air and water vapor are additionally supplemented as gasification media;
the total content of oxygen in the waste gas and the additional supplementary air is 10-25% of the amount of oxygen required by the complete combustion of the waste plastics;
the additional supplementary water vapor amount is 10-30% of the air amount in the pyrolysis gasification system;
the operation temperature of the pyrolysis gasification system is 500-850 ℃.
2. A cleaning process for waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the pre-melting is carried out by melting the mixed waste plastics under the heating action of external heat, then maintaining the pre-melting temperature above the temperature range at which chlorine-containing plastics decompose to release chlorine-containing gases, and removing the products of chlorine-containing gases released during the pre-melting by means of nitrogen purging or negative pressure suction.
3. The process for cleaning waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the waste gas produced is first neutralized with an alkali solution to absorb an acidic gas such as hydrogen chloride, and the unabsorbed non-condensable gas is fed to the pyrolysis gasification system for further reaction.
4. The clean waste plastic processing process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste plastic produced in step (2) is broken and then sent to a pyrolysis gasification system for processing.
5. The process for the clean processing of waste plastic according to claim 4, wherein the crushed waste plastic has a particle diameter of 2 to 5 mm.
6. The process for the clean processing of waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bulk non-molten plastics produced after the pre-melting process are returned to the pre-treatment process for sorting and impurity removal, or are secondarily pulverized and then blended with the waste plastic raw material for post-processing.
7. The process for cleaning and processing waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the bed material is a light fluidized heat carrier and a coking inhibitor, and the components of the bed material are one or any combination of silicon-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal salts, phosphorus-containing compounds and metal oxides.
8. The process for the clean processing of waste plastics of claim 1, wherein the amount of added bed material is 1 to 5% by mass of the waste plastics.
9. The process for cleaning waste plastics according to claim 7, wherein the silicon-containing compound comprises SiO2，SiO2-Al2O3Silicon-aluminum microspheres, SiO supported with Ni, Pt or Fe2-Al2O3One kind of silicon-aluminum microsphere.
10. The process for the clean processing of waste plastic according to claim 7, wherein the alkaline earth metal salt comprises CaCO3、Al2(SO4)3One kind of (1).
11. Waste plastic cleaner as claimed in claim 7The cleaning treatment process is characterized in that the phosphorus-containing compound is P2O5。
12. Waste plastic cleaning process according to claim 7, wherein said metal oxide comprises CuO, Fe2O3And ZnO.
13. The process for the clean treatment of waste plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot flue gas produced by combustion in step (3) is divided into two parts, wherein one part of the hot flue gas is fed into a waste heat boiler for heat recovery to produce steam for export, and the other part of the hot flue gas is returned for the premelting of the mixed waste plastics in step (1).
14. The process for the clean treatment of waste plastics according to claim 13, wherein the hot flue gas is introduced to the preliminary melting of mixed waste plastics in step (1) after being subjected to heat exchange by a steam superheater and cooled to a temperature required for the preliminary melting of mixed waste plastics in step (1).
15. A process for the clean processing of waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), air required for combustion in the combustion system is fed into the combustion system in at least two stages, and the combustion gas is fed into the combustion system in at least two stages.
16. The waste plastic clean-processing process of claim 15, characterized in that in step (3), the combustion system is introduced with at least primary fuel gas and primary air distribution upstream of the input carbon slag, so as to realize sufficient burning of the carbon slag and complete release of the heat of the waste plastic, and minimize the thermal ignition loss rate of the combustion system slag.
17. The process for the clean processing of waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the pretreatment comprises: the mixed waste plastic is subjected to one or a combination of more of the processes of crushing, impurity removal, washing, draining, mechanical dehydration and thermal drying.
18. The process for the clean processing of waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the purification process comprises: denitration, desulfurization, dust removal, remove one or their combination in dioxin process.
19. Use of a waste plastic cleaning process based on a pyrolysis and gasification mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1-18 in the field of environmental protection.
20. A process for the clean processing of waste plastics according to claim 19, wherein the application is a resource processing for mixed waste plastics that are not easily sorted.
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