CN110845086A - Ecological purification device and method for surface runoff - Google Patents
Ecological purification device and method for surface runoff Download PDFInfo
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological purification device for surface runoff, which comprises one or more interception purification modules, wherein each interception purification module comprises a runoff interception ditch module, a cyclone separation module, a water outlet channel module and a biological membrane purification module. The invention fully utilizes the limited space of the water along the bank, utilizes the runoff interception ditch module in the vertical runoff direction to realize that small water quantity can be intercepted by the runoff interception ditch module and is discharged into the water after being purified by the purification module, can overflow the runoff interception ditch module to be directly discharged into the water when large water quantity exists, has the function of modular combination, and is particularly suitable for reducing the non-point source pollution at the periphery of the hardened and vertical water revetment; the invention can effectively remove various suspended matters by utilizing the density difference, strengthen the atmospheric reoxygenation capability, be beneficial to improving the degradation effect of the biological membrane purification module and prevent the biological membrane purification module from being blocked. More importantly, the process can be completed completely by the self hydrodynamic force of the runoff, no machinery is required to be installed, and the operation energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a surface runoff ecological purification device and method.
Background
Currently, with the rapid promotion of urbanization in China, the public puts higher demands on the living environment, so that the elimination of black and odorous water and the development of ecological restoration of surface water become core tasks of water pollution treatment in recent years. According to the general consensus of 'treating water and land first', source control and sewage interception become the primary tasks for improving the water environment quality. For typical point sources such as sewage outlets of various urban residents and industrial enterprises, measures such as perfecting a sewage collecting pipe network, newly building a centralized sewage treatment plant (station) or a dispersive sewage treatment device and the like are generally adopted, and the effect can be displayed. In contrast, incipient rainfall also results in highly contaminated surface runoff in urban streets, industrial plant areas and agricultural land, which is much more difficult to perform pollutant-intercepting purification. The common method is that facilities such as an energy dissipation ditch, an ecological planting zone, an ecological bank zone and the like are sequentially built from a catchment source (such as farmlands, streets and the like) to a water body along the bank and are respectively used for settling silt, degrading organic matters, removing nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts and the like. The above method is difficult to be adopted for an area with insufficient ecological space, especially an old city river channel or a small lake (pond) which generally adopts a vertical hardening revetment. This results in areas with higher intensities of non-point source pollution entering rivers (lakes).
In order to solve the problems, the functions of polluted runoff collection, suspended matter removal, soluble substance degradation and the like need to be integrated in a local space, the irregularity of rainfall is fully adapted, and the aims of intercepting and purifying initial rainwater, smoothly entering rivers (lakes) by continuous rainfall, no use of moving machinery (reducing maintenance requirements in dry seasons), low operation energy consumption, easy formation of ecological landscape and the like are fulfilled. This is not possible under the existing technical conditions. Therefore, how to innovate the design of the surface runoff purification device and the use method thereof, the green and efficient advantages of ecological engineering are fully exerted, and the device becomes a key point for effectively preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution around the water body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for ecological purification of surface runoff, which can meet the requirements of interception and purification in a limited space, have high purification efficiency and low treatment energy consumption, do not need a rotary motion machine, and are convenient for daily maintenance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an ecological surface runoff purification device which comprises one or more interception purification modules, wherein each interception purification module comprises a runoff interception ditch module, a cyclone separation module communicated with the tail end of the runoff interception ditch module, a water outlet channel module communicated with the cyclone separation module, and one or more biomembrane purification modules communicated with the water outlet channel module.
In the invention, the objects intercepted by the surface runoff ecological purification device are not limited to initial rainwater, but also comprise external drainage generated by irrigation overflow and the like.
In the invention, the number of the interception purification modules is set according to the length of the revetment and the processing capacity of the purification modules, when a plurality of the interception purification modules are arranged, a plurality of purification modules can be arranged side by side, and the starting end of one cyclone separation module is not communicated with the starting end of a runoff interception ditch module of another adjacent purification module.
In the invention, the minimum interception capacity of each interception purification module is calculated by the average rainfall of the local year to obtain the initial rainfall amount of 10-20 min.
Preferably, the water revetment is located runoff intercept one side of ditch module, the ditch module of play with the biomembrane purification module set up side by side and be located the runoff intercept the opposite side of ditch module to can be as far as possible reduce surface runoff ecological purification device's area.
Preferably, the inner side wall of the runoff interception ditch module is tightly attached to the side wall of the water body revetment, and the top end of the inner side wall of the runoff interception ditch module is flush with the height of the water body revetment, so that surface runoff can be ensured to flow into the runoff interception ditch module; the runoff intercept ditch module the lateral wall with the inside wall of outlet canal module and the inside wall sharing of biomembrane purification module, just the runoff intercept the lateral wall of ditch module and be higher than the water revetment to can avoid the water to pour into the runoff intercept the ditch module, and, local surface runoff volume surpasss the runoff intercept ditch module drainage ability time, the runoff can be followed the lateral wall (overflow weir) top of runoff intercept the ditch module and discharged the water.
Further preferably, the outer side wall of the runoff intercepting ditch module is 0.1-0.3 m higher than the inner side wall of the runoff intercepting ditch module.
Preferably, the runoff intercepting ditch module comprises an intercepting ditch with an inner side wall and an outer side wall, a soil layer paved on the bottom surface of the intercepting ditch, a honeycomb pore plate paved on the soil layer, and grass-type plants planted on the soil layer, wherein the tail end of the intercepting ditch is connected with the rotational flow separation module in a tangential direction. By paving the honeycomb pore plate and planting the grass-type plants on the soil layer, the scouring of water flow to the soil layer can be slowed down.
In the invention, the grass-type plants are calamus, loosestrife, bamboo reed leaves and the like.
Further preferably, the gradient of the bottom surface of the interception ditch from the starting end to the tail end is 0.0003-0.001, so that the water flow in the interception ditch flows to the cyclone separation module conveniently.
Preferably, the cyclone separation module comprises a first part which is positioned at the upper part and is in a hollow cylinder shape, a second part of which the upper end part is connected with the lower end part of the first part and is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape, a third part of which the upper end part is connected with the lower end part of the second part and is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape, a pipeline connected with the third part, and a sand discharge pump connected with the pipeline; the height-diameter ratio of the first part is 0.3-0.6: 1, and the top of the first part is higher than the high water level of the water body; the height of the second part is 0.2-0.3 times of the height of the first part, and the included angle between the side wall of the second part and the upper bottom surface is 30-35 degrees; the height of the third portion is 0.8-1 times of the height of the first portion, and an included angle between the side wall of the third portion and the upper bottom surface is 60-70 degrees.
Further preferably, the top of the first portion is flush with the water revetment.
Further preferably, the pipeline is located in the center of the cyclone separation module and is vertically arranged, the pipe diameter of the pipeline is not less than 200mm, and when the third part has more deposits such as sand, the deposits such as sand can be discharged through the pipeline and the sand discharge pump.
Further preferably, the outlet channel module comprises an outlet channel and a gate, wherein the outlet channel is respectively communicated with the cyclone separation module and the biofilm purification module, and the gate is arranged on the outlet channel; the width of the water outlet channel is 2-4 times of the width of the interception channel of the runoff interception channel module, the opening height of the water outlet channel is 50-70% of the height of the first part, the top of the water outlet channel is flush with the top of the first part, and the central axis of the water outlet channel is intersected with the axial lead of the first part. In the flood period (high water level), the flood control function of the revetment can be guaranteed to the gate that sets up, prevents that rivers from flowing backward for the device's routine maintenance is comparatively simple.
Preferably, when there are a plurality of the biofilm purification modules, the plurality of the biofilm purification modules are sequentially arranged in series.
Preferably, the biofilm purification module comprises a descending well, an ascending well communicated with the descending well through the lower part, biological fillers filled in the descending well and the ascending well, emergent aquatic plants planted on the tops of the fillers, a drainage weir arranged between the descending well and the ascending well and the top of the drainage weir is flush with the high water level of the water body, and an effluent weir arranged on the upper part of the descending well; the width of the down-flow well and the width of the up-flow well are not less than the width of the water outlet channel module, the filling rate of the biological filler in the down-flow well is 60-100%, the filling thickness is not less than 1.2m, and the top of the biological filler in the down-flow well is flush with the normal water level of the water body; the filling rate of the biological filler in the upflow well is 60-100%, the filling thickness is not less than 1m, the top of the biological filler in the upflow well is higher than the low water level of the water body, and the weir top of the water outlet weir is lower than the low water level of the water body.
The invention aims at the soluble pollutants in the initial rainwater, and realizes up-and-down baffling through the down-flow well and the up-flow well, so that the pollutants are fully contacted with the biological film on the surface of the biological filler and the root system of the emergent aquatic plant and purified. According to the water level of the water body, the height of the water outlet weir is optimally designed, so that in a non-rainfall period, natural water can enter the downcast well and the upcast well and carry in nutrients for maintaining the activity of the biological membrane system, and the daily maintenance of the device is simpler.
Emergent aquatic plants are planted in the biological membrane purification module, so that the pollutant degradation efficiency can be effectively enhanced, the ecological effect of the water body revetment is promoted, and the double functions of ecological protection and environmental beautification are fully exerted by creating ecological landscape.
More preferably, the biological filler comprises a frame, zeolite and/or volcanic rock which are filled in the frame and have a filling rate of 60-80%, and a biological film, wherein the thickness of the biological film is 0.5-10 mm, the bacterial community structure of the biological film is that pseudomonas accounts for 30-50% of the total number of bacteria, and the rest is symbiotic bacteria related to the biological film.
In the invention, the emergent aquatic plants comprise reed, allium fistulosum, canna, thalictrum aurantium, arrowhead and the like.
The invention also provides a surface runoff ecological purification method, which adopts the surface runoff ecological purification device to purify surface runoff,
when the flow velocity in the runoff catch groove module is not more than 2m/s, the total hydraulic retention time of the surface runoff in the cyclone separation module is not less than 30s, and the total hydraulic retention time of the surface runoff in the biological membrane purification module is not less than 50 s;
when the water level of the water body is below the high water level, the gate of the water outlet channel module is opened; when the water level of the water body is at or above the high water level, the gate of the water outlet channel module is closed.
The low water level, the normal water level and the high water level in the invention are obtained by counting the water levels of the region over the years.
Due to the implementation of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention fully utilizes the limited space of the water along the bank, utilizes the runoff interception ditch module in the vertical runoff direction to realize that small water can be intercepted by the runoff interception ditch module and is discharged into the water after being purified by the purification module, can overflow the runoff interception ditch module to be directly discharged into the water when large water flows, avoids the problems of 'pollution interception in the early stage and large discharge in the later stage' of rainfall, has a modular combination function, and is particularly suitable for reducing the area source pollution at the periphery of the vertical and hardened water revetment;
according to the invention, through the combination of the runoff interception ditch module and the rotational flow separation module, various suspended matters can be effectively removed by utilizing density difference, the atmospheric reoxygenation capability is enhanced, the degradation effect of the biological membrane purification module is favorably improved, and the biological membrane purification module is prevented from being blocked. More importantly, the process can be completed completely by the self hydrodynamic force of the runoff, no machinery is required to be installed, and the operation energy consumption is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of an embodiment of an entrapment purification module;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of a runoff catch gutter module;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a runoff catch gutter module;
FIG. 4 is a side view of an embodiment of an entrapment purification module;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a cyclone separation module, an outlet channel module and a biofilm purification module of the retentate purification module of example 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the cyclone separation module, the raceway module, and the biofilm purification module of the entrapment purification module of example 2;
wherein, 1, runoff interception ditch module; 2. a cyclone separation module; 3. a water outlet channel module; 4. a biofilm purification module; 11. intercepting a ditch; 12. a soil layer; 13. a honeycomb pore plate; 14. a grass-type plant; 15. an overflow weir; 21. a first part; 22. a second section; 23. a third section; 24. a pipeline; 31. a water outlet channel; 32. a gate; 41. a flow well is lowered; 42. a rising well; 43. biological fillers; 44. emerging plants; 45. a drainage weir; 46. and (4) an effluent weir.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the examples, the specific experimental methods were not specified, and the experimental methods were performed in accordance with national standard methods and conditions.
Example 1
The specific parameter settings of the purification apparatus employed in this embodiment are as follows:
a section of vertical hardening revetment of a certain shallow lake of the long triangle in China is provided with a plurality of residential areas and commercial areas along the shore, and the pavement is a cement ground, so that the space for ecological reconstruction is very limited. Aiming at surface runoff formed by early rainfall, 3 groups of interception and purification modules are arranged along the shore. The convergence distance of the rain water is measured by 5 km, the local annual rainfall is about 1100 mm, and the COD in the early rain waterCrThe ammonia nitrogen and suspended matter concentrations are respectively 90-210 mg/L, 1-5 mg/L and 400-600 mg/L.
Each entrapment purification module comprises: 1 runoff interception ditch module 1, 1 cyclone separation module 2, 1 water outlet channel module 3 and 1 biomembrane purification module 4.
The terminal intercommunication and the rivers of whirl separation module 2 and runoff interception ditch module 1 enter whirl separation module 2 with the tangential direction, go out ditch module 3 and whirl separation module 2 and be linked together, and biomembrane purification module 4 is linked together with play ditch module 3, and biomembrane purification module 4 sets up side by side in one side of runoff interception ditch module 1 with play ditch module 3.
The runoff intercepting ditch module 1 comprises an intercepting ditch 11 with an inner side wall and an outer side wall, a soil layer 12 laid on the bottom surface of the intercepting ditch 11, a honeycomb pore plate 13 laid on the soil layer 12, and grass plants 14 planted on the soil layer 12.
The length of the interception ditch 11 is about 500 m, the inner side wall surface is tightly attached to the vertical surface of the revetment, the top of the inner side wall surface is flush with the revetment, the bottom surface is about 0.5 m away from the top end of the revetment, the slope is 0.0005, the width is 0.4 m, and the outer side wall and the water outlet channel moldThe inner side wall of the block 3 and the inner side wall of the biofilm purification module 4 are shared, and the outer side wall (overflow weir 15) is about 0.2 m higher than the revetment. The thickness of the soil layer 12 is about 0.1 m, the thickness of the honeycomb pore plate 13 is about 5 cm, the material is PVC, the loosestrife is planted, and the density is 15-20 plants/m2。
The cyclone separation module 2 comprises a first part 21 which is positioned at the upper part and is a hollow cylinder, a second part 22 which is connected with the lower end part of the first part 21 at the upper end part and is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape, a third part 23 which is connected with the lower end part of the second part 22 at the upper end part and is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape, a pipeline 24 connected with the third part 23, and a sand discharge pump connected with the pipeline 24. The first portion 21, the second portion 22, and the third portion 23 constitute a cyclone separator.
The top of the first part 21 is flush with the revetment, the diameter of the cross section is 2.4 m, the height is 1m, the height of the second part 22 is about 0.3m, the included angle α of the bottom edge is 30 degrees, the height of the third part 23 is 1m, the included angle β of the bottom edge is 70 degrees, the pipeline 24 is vertically arranged at the central position of the cyclone separation body, and the pipe diameter is 200 mm.
The outlet channel module 3 comprises an outlet channel 31 communicated with the first part 21 of the cyclone separation module 2 and the biomembrane purification module 4 respectively, and an electric gate 32 arranged on the outlet channel 31.
The width of the water outlet channel 31 is 1.5m, the opening height is 0.7 m, the length is about 1.2m, the top of the water outlet channel 31 is flush with the top of the first part 21, and the central axis of the water outlet channel 31 intersects with the axis of the rotational flow separation body.
The biofilm purification module 4 comprises 1 descending well 41 communicated with the outlet channel 31, 1 ascending well 42 communicated with the descending well 41 through the lower part, biological fillers 43 filled in the descending well 41 and the ascending well 42, emergent aquatic plants 44 planted on the top of the fillers, a drainage weir 45 arranged between the descending well 41 and the ascending well 42 and the top of the drainage weir is flush with the high water level of the water body, and an outlet weir 46 arranged on the upper part of the descending well 41.
The descending well 41 and the ascending well 42 are separated by a partition plate, the bottom of the partition plate is provided with a pore channel to form the communication between the descending well 41 and the ascending well 42, the pore channel is 1.5m wide and 0.5 m high; a drainage weir 45 is formed at the top of the partition plate, and the weir top of the drainage weir 45 is 0.1 m lower than the revetment; the top of the downwash well 41 and the upwash well 42 are open, and the cross section is square with a side length of 1.5 m.
The filling rate of the high-permeability biological filler 43 filled in the interior of the downcast well 41 is about 100%, the filling thickness is 2.0 m, and the top of the filler is flush with the normal water level of the river channel. The filling rate of the high-permeability biological filler 43 filled in the upflow well 42 is about 80 percent, and the filling thickness is 1.6 m; the crest of the water outlet weir 46 of the upflow well 42 is 0.08 m lower than the low water level of the river channel; typha orientalis (with the density of 20-25 plants/m) is planted above the filler in the downflow well 41 and the upflow well 42 in sequence2) Zaishenghua (density 15 buds/m)2）。
The high-water-permeability biological filler 43 comprises a PVC spherical framework, small zeolite filled in the framework and having a filling rate of 70%, and a biological membrane, wherein the thickness of the biological membrane is 0.5-4 mm, the bacterial community structure of the biological membrane is that pseudomonas (Proteobacteria) accounts for 34% of the total number of bacteria, and the rest is symbiotic bacteria (such as Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and bacteroides) related to the formation of the biological membrane.
The control method comprises the following steps: intercepting initial rainwater of the ditch 11 with the minimum intercepting capacity of the first 20min, and continuously raining, and discharging the rainwater into a water body through an overflow weir 15 or a drainage weir 45 (a gate 32 is opened); collecting initial rainwater into intercepting ditch 11 with maximum water depth of 0.3m and flow rate of less than 0.8 m/s, and intercepting garbage such as plastic bags and leaves with herba Lysimachiae Christinae; rainwater enters the cyclone separation body along a tangent line, the total hydraulic retention time is about 50s, sand grains sink into the third part 23 of the cyclone separation body and are discharged by a pump through a pipeline 24 at regular intervals; the separated water enters the biomembrane purification module 4 through the water outlet channel 31, moves downwards through the downflow well 41, then moves upwards through the upflow well 42, and fully contacts with the biomembrane, the cattail and the Reli root system on the biological filler 43 in the period, the total contact time is about 60 s, the organic matters and the nutritive salts are effectively reduced, and finally the water is discharged into the water body through the water outlet weir 46. When the lake water level is below the high water level, the gate 32 is opened; in the early stage of rainfall, runoff is discharged through a purification module; after continuous rainfall, the runoff is discharged directly into the lake by the overflow weir 15 or the drainage weir 45. When the rain does not fall, part of the biological filler 43 is immersed in the lake water to maintain the growth of the biological film; when the water level of the water body is at a high water level, the gate 32 is closed to prevent the lake water from flowing backward.
Example 1 results tableClear device for COD in initial rainwaterCrThe removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and suspended matters can reach 53-70%, 32-58% and more than 95% respectively.
Example 2
The ecological purification apparatus used in this example has basically the same structure as that of example 1, except that:
the embodiment is used for a section of vertical hardening revetment of a certain river channel in plain areas in south China, a plurality of factory enterprises, residential areas and cement open spaces are distributed along the bank, and the space for ecological modification is very limited. 2 groups of interception purification modules are arranged along the shore aiming at surface runoff formed by early rainfall. The convergence distance of the rain water is 2.5 km, the local annual rainfall is about 1700 mm, and the COD in the early rain waterCrThe concentrations of the ammonia nitrogen and the suspended matters are respectively 130-240 mg/L, 2-6 mg/L and 500-700 mg/L.
The length of the interception ditch 11 is about 800 m, the distance between the bottom surface and the top end of the revetment is about 0.6 m, and the width is 0.5 m; the thickness of the soil layer is about 0.15 m, the thickness of the PVC honeycomb pore plate 13 is about 5 cm, calamus is planted, and the density is 30-40 plants/m2。
The cross-sectional diameter of the first portion 21 of the cyclonic separation module 2 is 2.6 m; the bottom side of the third portion 23 includes an angle of 60.
The opening of the channel 31 has a height of 0.6 m and a length of about 1.5 m.
The biofilm purification modules 4 are 2 and are arranged in series.
The filling rate of the high-permeability biological filler 43 filled in the downflow well 41 of the 1 st biological membrane purification module 4 is about 90%, and the filling thickness is 2.0 m, and the filling rate of the high-permeability biological filler 43 filled in the upflow well 42 is about 68%, and the filling thickness is 1.5 m.
The filling rate of the high-permeability biological filler 43 filled in the downflow well 41 of the 2 nd biological membrane purification module 4 is about 68 percent, and the filling thickness is 1.5m, and the filling rate of the high-permeability biological filler 43 filled in the upflow well 42 is about 68 percent, and the filling thickness is 1.5 m.
The crest of the water outlet weir 46 of the 2 upflow wells 42 is 0.1 m lower than the low water level of the river channel; the downwash wells 41 and the upwash wells 42 are alternately planted with the redroot flowers (density 15 buds/m)2) And reed (density 20 buds/m)2）。
The filling rate of the small zeolite in the PVC spherical frame is 75%, the thickness of the biological membrane is preferably 1-5 mm, and the bacterial community structure is preferably pseudomonas (Proteobacteria) accounting for 46% of the total number of bacteria.
The control method comprises the following steps: the initial rainwater with the minimum interception capacity of the interception ditch of the first 20min is continuously rained and drained into a river through the overflow weir 15 or the drainage weir 45 (the gate 32 is opened); the initial rainwater is converged into the interception ditch 11, the maximum water depth in the ditch is 0.3m, the flow rate is controlled to be less than 0.7 m/s, and the calamus intercepts garbage such as plastic bags, leaves and the like; rainwater enters the cyclone separation body along a tangent line, the total hydraulic retention time is about 60 s, sand grains sink into the third part 23 of the cyclone separation body and are discharged by a pump through a pipeline 24 at regular intervals; separated water sequentially passes through the 2 biomembrane purification modules 4 through the water outlet channel 31, moves downwards through the downflow well 41, then moves upwards through the upflow well 42, and fully contacts with the biomembrane on the filler, the stamina and the reed root system in the period, the total contact time is more than 90 s, organic matters and nutritive salts are effectively reduced, and finally the water is discharged into a water body through the water outlet weir 46. When the river water level is below the high water level, the gate 32 is opened; in the early stage of rainfall, runoff is purified and discharged; after continuous rainfall, the runoff is directly discharged into the river channel through the overflow weir 15 or the drainage weir 45. When the rainfall is not present, the river water submerges part of the biological filler 43 to maintain the growth of the biological film; when the water level of the water body is at a high water level, the gate 32 is closed to prevent the river water from flowing backward.
Example 2 the results show that the device is directed to COD in incipient rainwaterCrThe removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and suspended matters can reach 65-79%, 44-67% and more than 95% respectively.
The present invention has been described in detail in order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to practice it, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ecological purifier of surface runoff which characterized in that: the ecological purification device of surface runoff comprises one or more interception purification modules, each interception purification module comprises a runoff interception ditch module (1), a cyclone separation module (2) communicated with the tail end of the runoff interception ditch module (1), a water outlet channel module (3) communicated with the cyclone separation module (2), and one or more biomembrane purification modules (4) communicated with the water outlet channel module (3).
2. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water revetment is located runoff intercept one side of ditch module (1), go out ditch module (3) with biomembrane purification module (4) set up side by side and be located the runoff intercept the opposite side of ditch module (1).
3. An ecological purification installation of surface runoff according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the inner side wall of the runoff interception ditch module (1) is tightly attached to the side wall of the water body revetment, and the top end of the inner side wall of the runoff interception ditch module (1) is flush with the height of the water body revetment; the runoff intercept ditch module (1) the lateral wall with the inside wall of the water outlet channel module (3) and the inside wall of the biomembrane purification module (4) share, just the lateral wall of the runoff intercept ditch module (1) be higher than the water revetment.
4. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that: the runoff interception ditch module (1) comprises an interception ditch (11) with an inner side wall and an outer side wall, a soil layer (12) laid on the bottom surface of the interception ditch (11), a honeycomb pore plate (13) laid on the soil layer (12), and grass plants (14) planted on the soil layer (12), wherein the tail end of the interception ditch (11) is connected with the cyclone separation module (2) in the tangential direction.
5. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 4, characterized in that: the gradient of the bottom surface of the interception ditch (11) from the starting end to the tail end is 0.0003-0.0010.
6. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cyclone separation module (2) comprises a first part (21) which is positioned at the upper part and is a hollow cylinder, a second part (22) of which the upper end part is connected with the lower end part of the first part (21) and is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape, a third part (23) of which the upper end part is connected with the lower end part of the second part (22) and is in an inverted circular truncated cone shape, a pipeline (24) connected with the third part (23), and a sand discharge pump connected with the pipeline (24); the height-diameter ratio of the first part (21) is 0.3-0.6: 1, and the top of the first part (21) is higher than the high water level of the water body; the height of the second part (22) is 0.2-0.3 times of the height of the first part (21), and the included angle between the side wall of the second part (22) and the upper bottom surface is 30-35 degrees; the height of the third portion (23) is 0.8-1 times of the height of the first portion (21), and an included angle between the side wall of the third portion (23) and the upper bottom surface is 60-70 degrees.
7. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 6, characterized in that: the water outlet channel module (3) comprises a water outlet channel (31) and a gate (32), wherein the water outlet channel (31) is respectively communicated with the rotational flow separation module (2) and the biological membrane purification module (4), and the gate (32) is arranged on the water outlet channel (31); the width of outlet channel (31) be runoff cut back 2~4 times of the width of the ditch (11) of cutting back of ditch module (1), the opening height of outlet channel (31) be 50~70% of first portion (21) height and the top of outlet channel (31) with the top parallel and level of first portion (21), the axis of outlet channel (31) with the axial lead of first portion (21) intersect.
8. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biofilm purification module (4) comprises a descending well (41), an ascending well (42) communicated with the descending well (41) through the lower part, biological fillers (43) filled in the descending well (41) and the ascending well (42), emergent aquatic plants (44) planted at the top of the fillers, a drainage weir (45) arranged between the descending well (41) and the ascending well (42) and the top of the drainage weir is flush with the high water level of a water body, and an effluent weir (46) arranged at the upper part of the descending well (41); the widths of the downflow well (41) and the upflow well (42) are not less than the width of the outlet channel (31) of the outlet channel module (3), the filling rate of the biological filler (43) in the downflow well (41) is 60-100%, the filling thickness is not less than 1.2m, and the top of the biological filler (43) in the downflow well (41) is flush with the normal water level of the water body; the filling rate of the biological filler (43) in the upflow well (42) is 60-100%, the filling thickness is not less than 1m, the top of the biological filler (43) in the upflow well (42) is higher than the low water level of the water body, and the weir top of the effluent weir (46) is lower than the low water level of the water body.
9. The ecological purification plant of surface runoff according to claim 8, characterized in that: the biological filler (43) comprises a frame, zeolite and/or volcanic rock which are filled in the frame and have a filling rate of 60-80%, and a biological film, wherein the thickness of the biological film is 0.5-10 mm, the bacterial community structure of the biological film is that pseudomonas accounts for 30-50% of the total number of bacteria, and the other bacteria are symbiotic bacteria related to the biological film.
10. An ecological purification method of surface runoff, which is characterized in that: the ecological purification device for the surface runoff is adopted to purify the surface runoff,
when the flow velocity in the runoff interception ditch module (1) is not more than 2m/s, the total hydraulic retention time of the surface runoff in the cyclone separation module (2) is not less than 30s, and the total hydraulic retention time of the surface runoff in the biomembrane purification module (4) is not less than 50 s;
when the water level of the water body is below the high water level, the gate (32) of the water outlet channel module (3) is opened; when the water level of the water body is at or above the high water level, the gate (32) of the water outlet channel module (3) is closed.
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