CN110844981A - Electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar energy coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation - Google Patents
Electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar energy coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation, which comprises: the electrodialysis device is used for desalting and desalinating the original seawater to output fresh water and concentrated seawater; a solar power generation device for converting solar energy into electric energy; the concentrated seawater storage device is used for storing the concentrated seawater output by the electrodialysis device; the reverse electrodialysis device generates electric energy by using the salinity difference of the raw seawater and the concentrated seawater and discharges low-concentration brine; a plurality of direct current water pumps for delivering raw seawater to the electrodialysis device and delivering raw seawater and concentrated seawater to the reverse electrodialysis device; and the power supply management device is used for distributing the direct current electric energy output by the solar power generation device or the reverse electrodialysis device to the dialysis membrane stack and the direct current water pump. The system of the invention can be used in the area with deficient electric energy to provide the water source for life and production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sea water desalination by an electrodialysis method, in particular to an electrodialysis sea water desalination system for solar coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation.
Background
Desalination of sea water is the process of obtaining fresh water from sea water. Currently used methods for desalinating seawater include a seawater freezing method, an electrodialysis method, a distillation method, a reverse osmosis method, and an ammonium carbonate ion exchange method, and currently, the application of the reverse osmosis membrane method and the distillation method is the mainstream in the market, and a large amount of electric energy is required. For remote areas or islands far from the land, the source of electric energy required for the seawater desalination process is limited, which makes the dream of seawater desalination in remote areas and islands difficult to realize.
The electrodialysis technology is a membrane separation process in which ions pass through a selective ion exchange membrane under the action of electric field force, and the core part of the electrodialysis technology is an anion-cation exchange membrane, namely, the technology for selectively separating ions in a solution by utilizing the characteristic that the cation exchange membrane only allows cations to pass through and the anion exchange membrane only allows anions to pass through. Under the action of electric field force, the anions and cations in the solution are directionally transferred from one part of water body to another part of water body, so that the purposes of solution separation, purification and concentration are achieved.
On the other hand, salt tolerance energy is an important component in the development process of marine resources. The chemical potential difference energy generated between seawater and fresh water or between seawater due to the existence of concentration gradient is ocean energy existing in a chemical energy form and mainly exists at the junction of rivers and oceans.
The salt difference energy power generation mainly comprises 3 types of osmotic pressure method, steam pressure method and reverse electrodialysis method. Experiments prove that the three methods are considered from the perspective of average power density and energy recovery, the reverse electrodialysis method is suitable for the sea mouths of rivers, and the osmotic pressure method and the steam pressure method are suitable for the salt difference energy power generation of salt lakes. With the mature application of the electrodialysis technology, the application of the reverse electrodialysis in the field of salt difference energy power generation is promoted, so that the reverse electrodialysis method is one of the most promising technologies in the utilization of the salt difference energy at present. In general, the reverse electrodialysis system is composed of an anion-cation exchange membrane, an anode electrode, a separator, an external load, a concentrated solution, a dilute solution and the like, and is carried out by Cl-、Na+An electric potential difference is formed between the two electric plates, and then the outsideAn electrical current is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system for desalting seawater by an electrodialysis method by efficiently utilizing solar energy and salt difference energy of strong brine generated in a desalting process, so that the system can be better used for providing fresh water required by life in the fields or in the places and places with insufficient electric energy, such as islands.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
an electrodialysis sea water desalination system for solar energy coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation, comprising:
the electrodialysis device is used for desalting and desalting input raw seawater to output fresh water and concentrated seawater;
a solar power generation device for converting solar energy into electric energy;
the concentrated seawater storage device is used for storing the concentrated seawater output by the electrodialysis device and outputting the concentrated seawater to the reverse electrodialysis device;
the reverse electrodialysis device generates electric energy by using the salinity difference of the input raw seawater and the concentrated seawater and discharges low-concentration brine;
the power management device is used for distributing the direct current electric energy output by the solar power generation device or the reverse electrodialysis device to the dialysis membrane stacks and the direct current water pumps in the electrodialysis device and the reverse electrodialysis device;
when the solar power generation device works, the power management device only uses the electric energy output by the solar power generation device as a driving power supply of the electrodialysis device, and uses the electric energy output by the reverse electrodialysis device as the electrodialysis device and the driving power supply of the electrodialysis device when the solar power generation device stops working.
Further, the system also comprises a raw seawater storage device and a raw water pump, wherein the raw water pump is used for pumping the raw seawater to the raw seawater storage device for storage; the power management device is also used for distributing electric energy to the raw water pump.
Furthermore, the solar power generation device comprises a plurality of solar silicon plates, and the plurality of solar silicon plates are divided into a plurality of independent groups which respectively correspond to the dialysis membrane stack and the different direct-current water pumps.
Furthermore, each independent group of solar silicon panels comprises at least one main panel, a corresponding standby panel and an electric energy monitoring module, wherein the electric energy monitoring module is used for connecting the standby panel into a corresponding loop when the electric energy output of the main panel is lower than a preset value.
Further, the direct current water pump is provided with a voltage stabilizing circuit module.
Furthermore, high and low liquid level switches interlocked with corresponding direct current pumps are arranged in the concentrated seawater storage device and the original seawater storage device.
Further, the system is integrally arranged.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the system, the desalinated water can be obtained through a combined process of solar power generation, electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis, the salt difference energy in the concentrated seawater can be recycled, the desalinated water can be continuously prepared for 24 hours, and the energy efficiency of solar electrodialysis seawater desalination is further improved.
2) The system of the invention does not need an inversion system for seawater desalination treatment, greatly reduces the system cost, and can be miniaturized, thereby being suitable for the field or the areas with insufficient electric energy and meeting the requirement of a certain amount of fresh water.
3) The salt content of the concentrated seawater discharged after the treatment by the system is further reduced, and the influence on the peripheral marine ecosystem in the sea discharging process is greatly reduced.
4) The system of the invention is used for seawater desalination treatment, has economic benefit and social benefit, is especially suitable for the field, islands or remote areas with insufficient electric energy, and has research and popularization values.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components and connection relationship of the device in the embodiment of the electrodialysis sea water desalination system.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
The invention provides an electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation, as shown in figure 1, comprising: the device comprises an electrodialysis device for desalting and desalting input raw seawater to output fresh water and concentrated seawater, a solar power generation device for converting solar energy into electric energy, a concentrated seawater storage device for storing the concentrated seawater output by the electrodialysis device and outputting the concentrated seawater to a reverse electrodialysis device, the reverse electrodialysis device for generating electric energy by using the salinity difference of the input raw seawater and the concentrated seawater and discharging low-concentration brine, and a power supply management device for distributing direct-current electric energy output by the solar power generation device or the reverse electrodialysis device to an electrodialysis membrane stack/a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack and a direct-current water pump in the electrodialysis device and the reverse electrodialysis device. The related devices are communicated through corresponding waterway pipelines or are electrically connected through power lines.
When the solar power generation device works, the power management device only uses the electric energy output by the solar power generation device as a driving power supply of the electrodialysis device, and uses the electric energy output by the reverse electrodialysis device as a driving power supply of a dialysis membrane stack and a direct-current water pump in the electrodialysis device and a self direct-current water pump when the solar power generation device stops working.
By adopting the scheme, the desalinated water can be obtained by effectively utilizing the combined process of solar power generation, electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis, the running time of the whole device is effectively prolonged, the dependence on solar energy is reduced, and the running efficiency of the system is improved to the maximum extent. On the other hand, the mode that the direct current water pump is directly driven by the direct current electric energy output by the solar panel/reverse electrodialysis device is adopted, and an inverter device and a battery are omitted, so that the cost of the system is greatly reduced, the reliability of the system is improved to a certain extent, and the system has better economy.
As a further preferred embodiment, the system in this embodiment further includes a raw seawater storage device and a raw water pump, where the raw water pump is used to pump the raw seawater to the raw seawater storage device for storage; and the corresponding power supply management device is also used for distributing electric energy to the raw water pump.
As a further preferred embodiment, the solar power generation device in this embodiment includes a plurality of solar silicon panels, and the plurality of solar silicon panels are divided into a plurality of groups, which respectively correspond to the electrodialysis membrane stack, the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack, and the different direct current water pumps.
Furthermore, each independent group of solar silicon panels comprises at least one main panel, a corresponding standby panel and an electric energy monitoring module, wherein the electric energy monitoring module is used for connecting the standby panel to a corresponding loop when the electric energy output of the main panel is lower than a preset value, so that the operation of the system is maintained when the solar illumination condition is poor.
In this embodiment, each of the dc water pumps is configured with a voltage stabilizing circuit module, so as to maintain normal operation when the solar panel or the reverse electrodialysis device fluctuates.
As a further preferred embodiment, the concentrated seawater storage device and the raw seawater storage device in this embodiment are provided with high and low level switches interlocked with the respective straight flow pumps.
In the preferred embodiment, the system is integrally arranged and is provided with a corresponding outer shell and a movable base, so that the system is convenient to transport and carry, and is more suitable for being used in fields, islands and the like which lack external power supply.
In one embodiment, the system operates as follows:
1) firstly, a direct current power supply is generated by a solar silicon plate under the irradiation of sunlight, and water is taken by a direct current raw water pump and is delivered to an original sea water tank;
2) the raw seawater in the raw seawater tank is conveyed into the electrodialysis device through the direct-current water pump, the electrodialysis device is driven to operate through a direct-current electric field formed by the solar silicon plates, fresh water and concentrated seawater are formed after seawater desalination and desalination, and the concentrated seawater is temporarily stored in the concentrated seawater tank.
3) The concentrated seawater and the original seawater have a certain salinity difference, after the solar silicon plate stops working, the concentrated seawater is conveyed into the reverse electrodialysis device, and at the moment, the two ends of the electrode of the reverse electrodialysis device generate potential difference, so that the salinity difference can be fully utilized to regenerate electric energy;
4) the electrodialysis device is connected with the electrodialysis system in a reasonable configuration mode to continuously carry out seawater desalination treatment;
5) the reverse electrodialysis outlet generates salt water with salt content between the original seawater and the electrodialysis concentrated seawater, and the salt water can be directly discharged into the sea.
The system of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and experimental runs thereof.
TABLE 1 System configuration Table
Experiment I, seawater desalination experiment of solar power generation device driven electrodialysis device
The electrodialysis apparatus used in this experiment had a stack size of 200 x 400mm and a membrane log of 20 pairs.
40L of concentrated brine with 3.5 percent of aCl concentration is prepared before the experiment, wherein 20L of the concentrated brine is used as a fresh room feed liquid, 20L of the concentrated brine is used as a concentrated room feed liquid, and 18.8L (the conductivity is 350us/cm) of fresh water and 21.2L (the conductivity is 77.4ms/cm) of concentrated water are finally produced after the experiment.
The number of solar panels: 2 blocks, single block maximum working voltage 23.1V, single block maximum working current 6.53A, single block power 150W, two battery plates connected in series, 2 blocks for total 300W.
Table 2 system operating parameters table 1
The data show that the experimental operation time is 190min, the average voltage of the membrane stack is about 17.6V, the average current of the membrane stack is about 5.01A, the power of the membrane stack is about 88.176W, the current efficiency of the membrane stack is 95%, and the fresh water meets the municipal water conductivity requirement (350 us/cm).
The total output voltage of the solar silicon panel is 17.6V, the current is about 2.71A, namely the power of the direct-current water pump is about 47.696W, and the power of the single water pump is about 15.90W.
For an electrodialysis system, the energy consumption of the membrane stack is about 64.90%, and the power generation efficiency is about 45.29% (the power generation power does not reach the rated power due to the illumination intensity of different time periods, the included angle between the solar silicon plate and the illumination and the like).
Experiment two, experiment for desalting seawater by driving electrodialysis device by reverse electrodialysis device
The reverse electrodialysis device used in this experiment also had a stack size of 200 x 400mm and a membrane number of 30 pairs.
Before the experiment, 40L of concentrated brine with 3.5% of aCl concentration (the conductivity is 46.3ms/cm) is prepared, wherein 20L of the concentrated brine is used as the dilute chamber feed liquid for the reverse electrodialysis, 21.2L of the concentrated brine (the conductivity is 77.4ms/cm) produced in the first experiment is used as the concentrated chamber feed liquid for the reverse electrodialysis, and the rest 20L of the brine with the 3.5% concentration is respectively used as the dilute chamber feed liquid and the concentrated chamber feed liquid for the electrodialysis (10L of each feed liquid).
Finally, the concentration of the two chambers of the reverse electrodialysis tends to be balanced, the electrodialysis produced water is 8.28L (the conductivity is 670us/cm), and the concentrated brine of the concentrated chamber is 11.72L (the conductivity is 75.4 ms/cm).
Table 3 system operating parameters table 2
From the data, the experimental operation time is 100min, the average voltage of the membrane stack is about 13.9V, the average current of the membrane stack is about 4.33A, the power of the membrane stack is about 60.187W, the current efficiency of the membrane stack is 92%, and the fresh water meets the municipal water conductivity requirement (670 us/cm).
The total output average voltage of the reverse electrodialysis is 13.9V, the current is about 1.24A, namely the power of the direct current water pump is about 17.236W, and the power of the single water pump is about 5.745W.
For the electrodialysis system, the energy consumption of the membrane stack is about 77.74%, and the power generation efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis is about 58.43%.
The experiments show that the electrodialysis seawater desalination system can obtain desalinated water based on a combined process of solar power generation, electrodialysis and reverse electrodialysis, can utilize salt difference energy in concentrated seawater as resources, realizes efficient and energy-saving seawater desalination, has industrial realizability, is suitable for outdoor remote areas or islands far away from land and lack of electric energy, meets the seawater desalination requirements, and has a good application prospect.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An electrodialysis sea water desalination system for solar energy coupling reverse electrodialysis power generation is characterized by comprising:
the electrodialysis device is used for desalting and desalting input raw seawater to output fresh water and concentrated seawater;
a solar power generation device for converting solar energy into electric energy;
the concentrated seawater storage device is used for storing the concentrated seawater output by the electrodialysis device and outputting the concentrated seawater to the reverse electrodialysis device;
the reverse electrodialysis device generates electric energy by using the salinity difference of the input raw seawater and the concentrated seawater and discharges low-concentration brine;
the power management device is used for distributing the direct current electric energy output by the solar power generation device or the reverse electrodialysis device to the dialysis membrane stacks and the direct current water pumps in the electrodialysis device and the reverse electrodialysis device;
when the solar power generation device works, the power management device only uses the electric energy output by the solar power generation device as a driving power supply of the electrodialysis device, and uses the electric energy output by the reverse electrodialysis device as the electrodialysis device and the driving power supply of the electrodialysis device when the solar power generation device stops working.
2. An electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar-coupled reverse electrodialysis power generation according to claim 1, further comprising a raw seawater storage device and a raw water pump for pumping raw seawater to the raw seawater storage device for storage; the power management device is also used for distributing electric energy to the raw water pump.
3. An electrodialysis desalination system for solar-coupled reverse electrodialysis power generation according to claim 1, wherein the solar power generation device comprises a plurality of solar silicon plates, and the plurality of solar silicon plates are divided into independent groups corresponding to the dialysis membrane stack and different DC water pumps.
4. An electrodialysis desalination system according to claim 3, wherein each independent group of solar silicon panels comprises at least one main panel and a corresponding backup panel, and a power monitoring module for switching the backup panel into the corresponding loop when the power output of the main panel is lower than a preset value.
5. An electrodialysis sea water desalination system of solar energy coupled reverse electrodialysis power generation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the DC water pump is configured with a voltage regulator circuit module.
6. An electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar-coupled reverse electrodialysis power generation according to claim 2, wherein the concentrated seawater storage device and the raw seawater storage device are provided with high and low liquid level switches interlocked with the corresponding direct current pumps.
7. An electrodialysis seawater desalination system for solar-coupled reverse electrodialysis power generation according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the system is integrated.
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| KR20160095338A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-11 | (주)성한텍 | Solar desalination modules for stand-alone |
| CN106877742A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-06-20 | 中国海洋大学 | A kind of zero-emission of integrated desalinization concentrated water and the method and device of unstable regenerative resource stable electric generation |
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