Detailed Description
The invention provides a heat-dissipation and heat-preservation fabric and a preparation method thereof.
< Fabric with Heat dissipation and Heat preservation >
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the heat dissipation and insulation fabric of the present invention includes a bottom layer weave 1 and a surface layer weave 3 woven by different fibers; one end part of the surface layer tissue 3 is provided with a coil, and the surface layer tissue 3 is movably connected with the bottom layer tissue 1 through the coil; a resin layer is molded on the outer side of the surface layer tissue 3 except the coil to form a sheet-shaped composite film 4; the back surface of the composite film 4 is coated with a copper coating 5, the front surface of the composite film 4 is thermoprinted with a gold stamping layer 6, and the composite film 4, the copper coating 5 and the gold stamping layer 6 are hot-rolled and compounded to form a composite tissue 2. In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the surface layer weave 3 is formed by knitting loop strings, and has good air permeability, thereby contributing to heat dissipation. Although the surface layer weave 3 is basically separated from the bottom layer weave 1, the bottom loop of the surface layer weave 3 is strung on the bottom layer weave 1, and the bottom layer weave 1 is a common weft knitting weave, namely, a net structure formed by the loop of the knitting, and has the functions of ventilation and support.
When the base fabric is woven, the structure of the surface layer tissue 3 needs to be loose, and the number of coils is small, so that the weight of the composite film 4 is reduced, and the composite film 4 becomes thinner. The underfill coefficient of the bottom layer tissue 1 is set to be larger, the underfill coefficient is larger, air circulation is facilitated, and the fabric has a better heat dissipation effect in a heat dissipation mode.
In particular, the surface tissue 3 can be made of polypropylene, which is light in weight, difficult to be polluted and absorb peculiar smell, and is dirty-resistant and easy to wash. The bottom layer tissue 1 can be made of polyester fibers, namely cross-shaped polyester fibers which are woven, have moisture absorption performance and certain wear resistance.
Therefore, in the fabric with heat dissipation and heat preservation of the present invention, the surface layer tissue 3 provides a framework structure, i.e. a skeleton, for the composite film 4, so as to be compounded into a film-like structure, and the film-like structure has the heat dissipation or heat preservation function. The bottom layer tissue 1 of the knitted loop string sleeve is a main supporting mechanism of the fabric, so that the knitted loop string sleeve has good air permeability and heat dissipation performance.
In fact, the fabric of the invention has a novel and unique structure, namely, the fabric comprises a bottom layer tissue 1 and a composite tissue 2. The bottom layer structure 1 is composed of mutually stringed and sleeved coils and is a weft plain structure in knitting. The compound tissue 2 has a structure like a grid, the grid is generally composed of a group of parallel grid bars, the inclination angle is 60-80 degrees, and the grid bars of the compound tissue 2 can rotate. The bottom of each grid of the composite tissue 2 is sleeved on the coil of the bottom tissue 1 by a coil string, and the integral structure of the grid is the composition of yarn, resin, a gold stamping layer 6 and a copper coating 5. Because the bottom of the grid of the compound tissue 2 is not fixed, when the bottom tissue 1 is close to the human body and the fabric is changed from a plane to a curved surface, the yarn (coil) at the bottom of the grid is tensioned, the included angle between the grid and the bottom tissue 1 is enlarged, and the ventilation range of the fabric 18 is enlarged, thereby being beneficial to air circulation. Meanwhile, the gold stamping layer 6 manufactured by the gold stamping process above the grid bars can reflect solar rays, and the absorption of external heat is reduced. The effect of the fabric 18 in dissipating more heat to the body in the heat dissipation mode is achieved by improving the breathability of the fabric 18 and blocking the heat absorption.
When the bottom layer weave 1 of the fabric 18 is outward and the grid strips of the composite weave 2 are inward. As a person wears the clothes made of the fabric, the fabric 18 changes from a plane to a curved surface, so that greater stress is generated in the yarns, and the fabric 18 is pressed against the skin of the person. The bars are pressed outwards by the bottom layer tissue 1 while the skin of the human body presses the bars outwards, and finally the bars are stacked mutually under the pressing action of the bottom layer tissue 1 and the skin of the human body, so that the air permeability of the fabric 18 is weakened, and the poorer the air permeability, the easier the heat dissipation is prevented. In addition, contain the electrochemical aluminium layer in gilt layer 6, the electrochemical aluminium layer has the function of reflection infrared ray, and when the bars inwards piled up, the human skin is pressed close to the electrochemical aluminium layer, reflects human body external radiation's partly infrared ray, because can take away the heat during infrared ray external radiation, reduces infrared ray external radiation and then can reduce thermal loss. Although the alumite layer can reflect infrared rays radiated from a human body, a large amount of infrared rays are radiated from the human body. The copper coating 5 has a very low infrared emissivity, and can further reduce the infrared radiation, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the heat loss. The air permeability of the fabric is poor by extruding the grid bars, the alumite layer internally reflects a part of infrared rays, the copper layer outwards reduces a part of infrared rays, and the effect of reducing or slowing down more heat loss of the fabric in a heat preservation mode is achieved by a method of radiating outwards by a human body.
Specifically, when the fabric 18 is in a heat dissipation mode, as shown in fig. 4. Because the knitted fabric has certain extensibility and elasticity, when a person wears the clothes made of the fabric, the clothes are bent from a plane to a curved surface, the original loose yarns are in a tight state, the composite film 4 is pulled up, and the gaps among the composite film 4 are enlarged. The human body is heated up, the heat radiated outwards is increased, the heat is spread in a wave mode, the bottom layer tissue 1 is formed by serially sleeving the coils, the holes are large, the gaps between the composite membranes 4 are also large, and the heat radiated outwards by the human body is facilitated. In addition, sunlight irradiates on the surface of the fabric, and because the gold stamping layer 6 on the composite film 4 is arranged on the outer side, the electric aluminum layer on the gold stamping layer 6 can reflect a large amount of heat of solar radiation and only absorb a small part of the heat. Finally, the outside air flows through the holes between the coils and the gap between the composite films 4 to cool the human body, and the water vapor evaporated by the human sweat is easily taken away by the flowing air.
When the fabric 18 is in the keep warm mode, as shown in fig. 5. The composite membrane 4 is clamped by the clothes and the bottom layer tissue 1, the gap between the composite membranes 4 is small, air is not easy to circulate, and heat is not easy to dissipate. In addition, the alumite layer has the function of reflecting infrared radiation, and can reflect part of heat radiated outside by a human body. And because the copper coating 5 on the composite film 4 is on the outer side, the heat radiated to the outside by the fabric 18 is reduced, thereby further reducing the heat loss.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the resin and the surface layer structure 3 are molded by a special mold to obtain the composite film 4, and it is ensured that the resin does not cover the bottom coil of the surface layer structure 3 during the molding process, so as to ensure that the composite film 4 can flexibly rotate, which is further beneficial to air circulation. Hot-rolling and compounding gold stamping paper on the front surface of the composite film 4 to form a gold stamping layer 6, coating copper-containing paint on the back surface (namely the back surface) of the composite film 4 to form a copper coating 5, and reducing radiation heat energy to the environment due to low infrared emissivity of copper. As shown in fig. 4, when the gold stamping layer 6 faces outwards and the copper coating 5 faces inwards, the fabric has the function of reflecting solar radiation heat energy, and because the composite film 4 is unfolded outwards, a certain distance is kept between the composite film and the fabric, air is easy to circulate, so that heat on the surface of people and the fabric is taken away, and the purpose of heat dissipation is achieved. As shown in FIG. 5, when the copper coating 5 faces outwards and the gold stamping layer 6 faces inwards, the fabric has the functions of reflecting heat energy radiated by a human body and reducing the heat energy radiated to the outside, so that the heat preservation purpose is achieved. The bottom tissue 1 of base cloth makes complex film 4 pile up inseparabler with the human extrusion to complex film 4 this moment, and the air is difficult for circulating, and then the heat is stored more easily, reaches the heat preservation purpose.
The aluminum layer in the electrochemical aluminum is transferred to the surface of a printing stock by the gold stamping process, so that the folding resistance and the toughness of the fabric are enhanced. The fabric 18 is also very conductive due to the aluminum layer, which eliminates the electrostatic effect. In addition, the fabric 18 has a high light reflectivity, the aluminum layer can reflect a large amount of radiant heat caused by visible light and partial infrared light, and the aluminum plating can enhance the heat insulation function of the fabric 18. In addition, the cost of aluminizing is cheaper than that of the nano carbon coating, and the gold stamping technology is mature and easy to popularize.
The gold stamping layer 6 is used for reflecting heat of solar radiation in a fabric heat dissipation mode, and is used for reflecting heat of human body radiation in a heat preservation mode. The gold stamping layer 6 has high and low quality, the patterns on the surface of the gold stamping layer 6 are various, and various types can be selected on the market. The parameters of the gold stamping process mainly design the pressure and temperature of a press roller or a hot stamping plate and the baking temperature and time in a heat preservation chamber after gold stamping. The gold stamping temperature of a common product is between 80 and 120 ℃, the gold stamping pressure is determined according to the specific product, and the pressure is as small as possible under the condition of confirming the bonding. The gold stamping layer 6 is required to be sent into a heat preservation room for heat preservation for 6-12h after being thermally transferred onto the composite film 4, and the heat preservation temperature is 50-100 ℃. In addition, the gold stamping fabric is different from the common gold stamping fabric, because the common gold stamping fabric is completely covered by the gold stamping layer, the air permeability is poor. Compared with the common local gold stamping fabric, the fabric with the same size has better effect of shielding and reflecting sunlight due to the stacking of the composite films 4 on the fabric, and simultaneously keeps the air permeability of the fabric 18.
Specifically, the preparation process of the gold stamping layer comprises the following steps:
and (3) feeding the fabric with the composite film 4 manufactured into a gold stamping compound machine, and carrying out gold stamping treatment by matching with corresponding gold stamping glue and gold stamping paper, wherein the gold stamping pressure is 0.41-0.82MPa, and the gold stamping temperature is 80-120 ℃. Drying after the gold stamping is finished, wherein the drying time is 6-12h, and the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃.
The gold stamping glue is composed of 10-45 parts of diisocyanate, 35-80 parts of polyester polyol, 1-15 parts of ethylene glycol, 1-25 parts of sodium alginate, 0.05-0.5 part of dibutyltin dilaurate and other auxiliaries. The auxiliary agent mainly comprises a defoaming agent and an antioxidant, wherein the content of the defoaming agent is 0.05-2.0% of the total mass of the gold stamping glue, and the content of the antioxidant is 0.3-2.5% of the total mass of the gold stamping glue. According to the proportion, polyester polyol and sodium alginate are placed in an oven at 100 ℃ for heating and melting, then dehydrated for 3 hours in a high-temperature vacuum environment at about 110 ℃, taken out and stirred until the temperature is reduced to about 75 ℃, and then placed in the oven for keeping the temperature. And adding ethylene glycol, dibutyltin dilaurate, a defoaming agent and an antioxidant according to the formula, and stirring for about 1.5h to uniformly mix various components. And (2) carrying out vacuum defoaming treatment on the diisocyanate, mixing the diisocyanate with the above components, finally sealing the mixture in an aluminum barrel, putting the aluminum barrel into an oven, adjusting the temperature to 80 ℃, drying for 5 hours, taking out and cooling to normal temperature.
The main components of the gilding paper comprise a polyester film, a stripping layer (the main component is organic silicon resin), a color layer (the main components are film-forming property, heat resistance, transparency, suitable synthetic resin and dye), an alumite layer and a glue layer (fusible thermoplastic resin). The aluminum layer can reflect visible light and infrared light emitted by the sun, so that the absorption of heat energy is reduced, and the gold stamping paper has the effect of reflecting the infrared light and the visible light.
The preparation process of the copper coating comprises the following steps:
the coating comprises the following components: polyvinyl chloride resin (PVC for short), polyacrylate fabric coating adhesive (PA coating adhesive for short), polyurethane coating adhesive (PU coating adhesive for short), copper powder and other auxiliary agents.
The formula of the priming paint and the preparation thereof are as follows: 90-110 parts of PA coating adhesive, 2-3 parts of polyisocyanate crosslinking agent, 4-7 parts of ethyl acetate and a proper amount of toluene. Adding ethyl acetate into a polyisocyanate cross-linking agent, uniformly mixing, then adding the mixture into PA coating adhesive, stirring, adding toluene while stirring to adjust the viscosity to 7000-11000 mPa.s, uniformly stirring, and standing for 40 min.
The formula and preparation of the PVC coating are as follows: 90-110 parts of PVC resin prepared by an emulsion method, 40-60 parts of dioctyl phthalate, 40-60 parts of dibutyl phthalate, 0.5-1 part of zinc stearate, 0.5-1.0 part of barium stearate and 1-2 parts of calcium stearate. Firstly, adding a small amount of plasticizer (dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate) into stearate (zinc stearate, barium stearate and calcium stearate), stirring uniformly, then pouring the mixture and PVC resin into a stirrer, adding the rest plasticizer, grinding for 3-4 times by using a three-roll grinder after stirring uniformly, finally stirring the ground ingredients for 10-20min, and standing for 40 min.
The formula and preparation of the PU copper paste coating are as follows: 40-60 parts of single-component polyurethane, 8-15 parts of copper powder slurry, 20-40 parts of methyl ethyl ketone and 3-6 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide. The particle size of the copper powder particles is 400-1200 meshes. Low mesh number, good covering power and strong luster. However, if the mesh number is too low, the covering power is reduced due to uneven coating. Adding part of the solvent into the copper powder slurry, stirring uniformly, adding the polyurethane adhesive, stirring while adding the rest solvent, adjusting the viscosity to 4000-8000 mPa.s, and standing for 40 min.
The auxiliary agent mainly comprises dithiocarbamate and abietate. The dithiocarbamate is used as a mildew inhibitor to prevent microorganisms from growing on the surface of the coating film, so that the coating film is polluted and even degraded. The abietate is used as a drier to accelerate the curing speed of the coating. The assistant accounts for 0.01-5% of the total weight of the coating.
The process flow comprises the following steps: priming with a coating composed of PA coating glue, controlling the temperature of the front zone of the oven at 60-90 ℃, the temperature of the rear zone at 100-130 ℃, and drying for 40 s. And then carrying out PVC coating, controlling the temperature of the oven at 180-. And finally, carrying out PU copper slurry coating, and controlling the temperature of the front-zone drying oven to be 120-140 ℃, the temperature of the rear-zone drying oven to be 140-160 ℃, and the drying time to be 40-50 s.
< preparation method of fabric with heat dissipation and heat preservation >
The innovation of the process method of the invention is that the surface layer tissue with one end sleeved on the bottom layer tissue is compounded by improving the mould in the manufacturing method of the mould pressing composite material and changing the closed mould into a semi-closed mould, so as to form the composite membrane compounded by resin and yarn. And performing gold stamping treatment and coating treatment on two sides of the composite film respectively through a special template.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the fabric with heat dissipation and heat preservation of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) weaving different fibers to respectively obtain a surface layer tissue 3 and a bottom layer tissue 1, wherein the surface layer tissue 3 is movably connected with the bottom layer tissue 1 through a coil arranged at the end part of the surface layer tissue 3;
(2) a resin layer is molded on the outer side of the surface layer structure 3 except the coil to form a sheet-shaped composite film 4;
(3) the back surface of the composite film 4 is coated with a copper coating 5, the front surface of the composite film 4 is thermoprinted with a gold stamping layer 6, and the composite film 4, the copper coating 5 and the gold stamping layer 6 are hot-rolled to form a composite tissue 2; thus obtaining the fabric with heat dissipation and heat preservation, and finally removing impurities through water washing and drying.
Specifically, in the step (1), the computerized flat knitting machine is provided with two needle beds, the two needle beds can work simultaneously and independently, double-layer knitted fabrics are woven by utilizing the characteristic, and the layers are locally connected and integrally spaced from each other. The surface layer tissue 3 is endowed with a special function through compounding, and the coil underfill coefficient of the bottom layer tissue 1 is set to be larger, so that air circulation is easy. When the base cloth is woven on the computerized flat knitting machine, the front needle bed and the back needle bed are both drawn out and hooked with yarns to form loops at first, then the front needle bed and the back needle bed are independently and alternately drawn out and hooked with yarns to form loops, and at the moment, each row of needle beds are matched with one sand nozzle, and two sand nozzles are needed in total. After the surface layer tissue 3 is knitted to the designed length, the front needle bed coil drags the needle, the knitting is not performed any more, and the back needle bed continues to knit. And finally, simultaneously taking out the needles and hooking the yarns to form loops by the front needle bed and the back needle bed, and entering a new knitting cycle.
Specifically, in the flat knitting machine knitting process, as shown in fig. 6, when knitting the 1 st row stitch, the front needle bed and the back needle bed of the flat knitting machine are simultaneously moved out, and the loop is formed by the loop-bending. When knitting the 2 nd row of stitches, the front needle bed of the flat knitting machine is out of the needle, the back needle bed is not out of the needle, the stitches are formed only by the yarn bending of the front needle bed, and the stitches formed on the 2 nd row of the front needle bed in the 1 st row are sleeved on the stitches formed on the 2 nd row. When knitting the 3 rd row of stitches, the front needle bed of the flat knitting machine does not output needles, the back needle bed outputs needles, the stitches are formed only by the yarn bending of the back needle bed, and the stitches knitted by the back needle bed in the 1 st row are sleeved on the stitches formed in the 3 rd row. When knitting the 4 th row of stitches, the front needle bed of the flat knitting machine is out of the needle, the back needle bed is not out of the needle, the stitches are formed only by the yarn bending of the front needle bed, and the stitches formed on the 4 th row of the front needle bed in the 2 nd row are sleeved on the stitches formed on the 4 th row. When knitting the 5 th stitch, the front needle bed of the flat knitting machine is out of the needle, and the back needle bed is not out of the needle, but the needle is not padded. This causes the stitches of the front needle bed to disengage from the needle bar, the stitches of the rear needle bed remaining on the needle bar at any time for the subsequent knitting. A unit of fabric 18 is knitted in the above five knitting motions. The fabric 18 required by the invention can be woven by repeating the above steps, the fabric 18 comprises a bottom layer tissue 1 and a surface layer tissue 3, the bottom layer tissue 1 is composed of coils which are mutually stringed and sleeved, the weft plain stitch tissue in the knitting science is adopted, the surface layer tissue 3 is discontinuous, but each unit is stringed and sleeved on the bottom layer tissue 1 by the coils at the bottom of the unit.
In step (2), as shown in fig. 7, the mold during mold pressing includes an upper mold plate 7 and a lower mold plate 8, the lower mold plate 8 has a size longer than that of the upper mold plate 7, a right-angle groove 11 is formed inside the lower mold plate 8, the upper mold plate 7 can be embedded into the right-angle groove 11 of the lower mold plate 8, or the upper mold plate 7 can move in the right-angle groove 11 of the lower mold plate 8. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the upper mold plate 7 has a through hole 9 in the middle of the upper end thereof, the lower end of the upper mold plate 7 has stripe grooves 10, and grooves 12 are formed between the stripe grooves 10 and connected thereto. The stripe grooves 10 and the grooves 12 at the bottom of the upper template can uniformly deliver resin to the surface of the fabric 18, and simultaneously, the resin infiltrates into the surface layer tissues 3 and covers the surface layer tissues 3 by the parallel movement of the upper template 7 in the right-angle grooves 11 of the lower template 8 and the extrusion action of the upper template 7 and the lower template 8, but the resin does not cover coils at the bottom of the surface layer tissues 3, and finally, the resin is solidified to form a film-shaped structure. Namely, the resin reaches the bottom of the upper template 7 through the through holes 9 of the upper template 7, and then the resin is soaked in the surface layer tissue 3 through the grooves 12 and the stripe grooves 10 at the bottom of the upper template 7 to be solidified into a film, so that the composite film 4 is obtained.
In addition, the phenomenon of edge curling can appear in the surface layer tissue 3 of the base cloth, the conventional die is not favorable for carrying out die pressing forming, the upper die plate 7 moves in the right-angle groove 11 in parallel, the surface layer tissue 3 with the edge curling phenomenon is paved in the right-angle groove 11 of the lower die plate 9, and the composite film 4 is favorable for forming uniformly. Because the lower template 8 adopts the right angle type template, in order to prevent that the resin from overflowing the mould, the contained angle of lower template 8 and horizontal plane can be set up in 120-160-.
The specific mould pressing process comprises the following steps: the superficial layer tissue 3 can be seen as an integral body composed of separate cells. When the fabric 18 is supported by the round roller 13, the gap between the skin weave 3 units is expanded. The upper and lower templates hold one cell of the surface layer structure 3, and the resin is injected from the through hole 9 of the upper template 7 and is immersed in the cell of the surface layer structure 3. After the resin and the yarns are uniformly mixed, the upper template 7 moves in the lower template 8 groove, and the resin is injected again, so that the yarns which are not immersed by the resin for the first time are compounded with the resin. The number of movements of the upper template 7 is determined according to the size of each cell of the superficial tissue 3. Finally, the resin is compounded into a uniform composite film 4 except the connecting part of the surface layer tissue 3 and the bottom layer tissue 1 is not covered by the resin. After a composite film 4 is manufactured, the upper template 7 and the lower template 8 exit from the working area. The fabric 18 is controlled by the coiling device and the releasing device to move, the fabric 18 moves to drive the round roller 13 to move, the round roller 13 moves to reduce friction on the surface of the fabric 18, and the rotating direction of the round roller 13 is shown in figure 9. After the next unit of superficial tissue 3 reaches the working area, the upper template 7 and the lower template 8 enter the working area, the unit of superficial tissue 3 is clamped, and the process is repeated.
In step (3), as shown in fig. 10, the process of copper coating is: after the composite film 4 is formed, the coating material 14 controlled by the metering roll 15 uniformly falls on the coating template 17, and since the coating template 17 is empty in the middle (as shown in fig. 11 and 12), part of the coating material 14 falls on the surface of the composite film 4, and then as the coating roll 16 rotates, the composite film 4 and the coating template 17 move forward while being pressed by the coating roll 16, so that the coating material 14 is uniformly covered in the surface area of the composite film 4.
In the step (3), the front surface of the composite film 4 is treated by the aluminized gilding paper, and the whole process comprises four links of gluing, hot rolling and compounding, heat preservation and film stripping.
Specifically, glue is locally coated on the back surface of the gold stamping layer 6, the gold stamping layer 6 is bonded to the front surface of the composite film 4, and the glue is coated to be bonded with the composite film 4. In the place with glue, the gold stamping layer 6 can be transferred to the composite film 4, and in the place without glue, the gold stamping layer 6 can not be transferred to the composite film 4. After glue is coated, the composite film 4 and the gold stamping layer 6 still cannot be well combined, and need to be extruded through two hot-pressing rollers. The fabric just finished hot rolling and compounding needs to be kept warm for several hours, mainly for better compounding the gold stamping layer 6 on the composite film 4. And finally, peeling the PET film on the surface of the fabric through a film peeling machine.
Various impurities can be generated in the preparation process of the fabric, so that the impurities are removed through the operations of water washing and drying. The process of water washing and drying: putting the fabric into water with the temperature of about 60-90 ℃, adding a certain detergent, carrying out ordinary washing for about 15min, passing through clear water, and adding a softening agent. And taking out the fabric, and putting the fabric into an oven for drying. Wherein, the detergent comprises 5-10 wt% of esterquat, 0.5-1 wt% of thickener (sodium chloride), 0.1-0.5 wt% of essence, 0.05-0.4 wt% of preservative (o-phenylphenol) and 85-90 wt% of water, and the softener comprises 35-50 wt% of paraffin oil, 3-6 wt% of stearic acid, 3-6 wt% of glyceryl stearate, 2-5 wt% of leveling agent (sulfonated oil), 4-6 wt% of triethanolamine and 30-40 wt% of water.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.