CN110840414A - Method for determining oral cavity temperature limit value in extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency - Google Patents

Method for determining oral cavity temperature limit value in extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency Download PDF

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CN110840414A
CN110840414A CN201910995993.3A CN201910995993A CN110840414A CN 110840414 A CN110840414 A CN 110840414A CN 201910995993 A CN201910995993 A CN 201910995993A CN 110840414 A CN110840414 A CN 110840414A
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oral cavity
cavity temperature
labor
value
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潘孝迪
朱能
王大全
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Tianjin University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/22—Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
    • A61B5/221—Ergometry, e.g. by using bicycle type apparatus
    • A61B5/222—Ergometry, e.g. by using bicycle type apparatus combined with detection or measurement of physiological parameters, e.g. heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/22—Ergometry; Measuring muscular strength or the force of a muscular blow
    • A61B5/224—Measuring muscular strength
    • A61B5/225—Measuring muscular strength of the fingers, e.g. by monitoring hand-grip force

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining an oral cavity temperature limit value in an extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency, which comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting a suitable subject; step 2: determining an experimental test working condition; and step 3: determining the state that the laborer can not work continuously through experimental tests, and obtaining the oral cavity temperature of each test subject at the moment; and 4, step 4: carrying out regression analysis on experimental values of the working efficiency, the oral cavity temperature, the radiant heat intensity and the labor intensity to obtain a regression formula, matching and comparing the mean value of the oral cavity temperature and the formula calculated value of the oral cavity temperature in the step 3 by a T test method, and verifying the reliability of the regression formula; and 5: the oral cavity temperature limit value of the worker can be obtained by substituting the working condition value of the actual labor into a formula, and the oral cavity temperature limit value is compared with the oral cavity temperature of the worker, so that whether the worker can continue working or not is judged. By adopting the method, whether the human body can continue to work or not can be accurately judged, and the occurrence of heat damage can be effectively avoided.

Description

Method for determining oral cavity temperature limit value in extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining an oral cavity temperature limit value in an extreme thermal environment, in particular to a method for determining the oral cavity temperature limit value in the extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency.
Background
High-temperature extreme thermal environments commonly exist in industries such as construction, mechanical manufacturing, metallurgy and the like and cabin power areas such as aviation, underground, undersea and the like. A large number of research surveys and statistical analyses indicate that if the device is in a high-temperature and high-humidity working environment for a long time, the health of workers can be possibly damaged, and the working efficiency of the device is directly influenced. In order to reasonably arrange the labor time and keep the high-efficiency working efficiency to the maximum extent on the basis of safe production, the determination of the comfortable, work-efficiency and safety limit time under different extreme thermal environments is necessary.
At present, evaluation indexes of extreme thermal environments are mainly divided into direct indexes and theoretical empirical indexes. Among them, the wet bulb black bulb temperature (WBGT index) is most widely used. The WBGT index comprehensively considers all factors influencing the thermal stress of the human body environment, such as air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation, average radiation temperature and the like, and is a basic thermal stress index for evaluating the thermal load of human body contact operation. The index was adopted as an index of thermal limits of industrial contact as early as 1975 in the United states, and was also used by the ISO International organization for standardization to evaluate the thermal strength of high temperature operating environments in 1982. The classification of high-temperature operation published in 1997 in China also adopts WBGT to evaluate the meteorological conditions of the high-temperature operation environment. This has led to a tremendous development in the research and application of this index. Meanwhile, the WBGT index is simple and easy to measure, can quickly evaluate the heat intensity of an environment, and is very suitable as an independent variable for determining comfortable, work efficiency and safety limit time.
At present, the research on human thermal stress is mainly based on human physiological indexes or surrounding environment evaluation indexes, and people and the environment are influenced and inseparable mutually and need to be comprehensively viewed. The active adaptation of the human body to the environment is due to the automatic regulation mechanism of the human body, which mainly reflects the change of parameters such as heart rate, body temperature and the like. Current research on this type also fully reveals the importance of heart rate, body temperature, and respiratory rate. Therefore, the environment evaluation index and the human body physiological parameter are combined to be treated, and the method has higher accuracy and scientificity.
The existing method for determining whether the human body reaches the safety limit state is generally to evaluate whether the human body reaches the labor safety threshold value by calculating the value of PSI, or simply to judge whether the oral cavity temperature reaches 38 ℃. However, the calculation of the PSI value requires a certain calculation, which is inconvenient in actual production, and the upper limit of the oral cavity temperature is too rough and hard to judge by only the index. Both of these methods have certain limitations in practical production activities.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for determining the oral cavity temperature limit value in the extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency, which is used for determining the oral cavity temperature limit value of a producer in the extreme thermal environment so as to ensure the safety of a labor producer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention discloses a method for determining an oral cavity temperature limit value in an extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a subject meeting the experimental requirements, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
testing the physiological parameters of the testee, wherein if the initial oral cavity temperature of the testee is less than 37.5 ℃ and the change amplitude of the oral cavity temperature of the testee does not exceed 10% of the initial value within 30 minutes before the pre-experiment, the testee meets the experiment requirement;
step two, determining the test working condition of the heat stress experiment of the subject, wherein the process is as follows:
setting a plurality of groups of environmental parameters and labor parameters for carrying out heat stress test in the experiment cabin;
the method for determining the labor parameters is to respectively simulate moderate labor intensity and severe labor intensity according to ACGIH labor intensity classification;
step three, carrying out heat stress test on each subject according to the heat stress experiment test working conditions set in the step two, and determining the actual oral cavity temperature values of the human body in the safety limit state under different working conditions, wherein the steps are as follows:
firstly, setting environmental parameters for heat stress test in an experiment chamber as a first working condition, directly measuring WBGT values under different environmental parameters in the experiment chamber through a black ball wet bulb thermometer after the environment of the experiment chamber is stable until the WBGT indexes are set, and enabling all subjects to enter the experiment chamber;
secondly, collecting physiological parameters of each subject before the experiment begins, wherein the physiological parameters comprise oral cavity temperature and a grip force value representing the labor work efficiency, the oral cavity temperature is measured by an air thermometer, and the grip force value is measured by a grip dynamometer;
thirdly, half of the testees perform set moderate labor, the other half of the testees perform set severe labor, the operation is stopped after 30 minutes, and the physiological parameters of the testees are collected again;
and fourthly, repeating the third step repeatedly, and collecting the oral cavity temperature of each subject if the grip strength value of the subject is reduced to 80% of the initial value, and finishing the experimental test of the subject.
And fifthly, changing the environmental parameters of the first step, and repeating the first step and the fifth step until the experimental tests under all the working conditions are completed.
Step four, inputting the grip value, the oral cavity temperature, the WBGT and the experimental test value of the labor intensity of each subject when the experimental test is stopped under all working conditions into SPSS software to obtain a regression formula V which is A + B multiplied by T1+C×T2+ DxS coefficient A, B, C, D regression coefficient estimate table, where V represents labor efficiency and T1Representing the calculated value of the limiting oral cavity temperature, T, of the human body under various working conditions2Representing a WBGT value, S representing a labor intensity value; then, specific values of the coefficients A, B, C, D in the regression formula are obtained according to the regression coefficient estimation value table, and further the regression formula about the labor work efficiency is obtained:
V＝-9.147+0.133×T1+0.152×T2+0.386×S
step five, calculating the mouth temperature of the laborers participating in the actual labor by using the regression relational expression in the step four to judge whether the laborers are in the labor limit state under the determined environmental parameters, and immediately stopping the labor if the calculated value of the mouth temperature is reached or exceeded; if the oral cavity temperature of the actual worker does not exceed the calculated oral cavity temperature, the worker continues to participate in the labor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention considers the human body heat stress performance under different working conditions, provides a multiple linear regression formula of the working condition index, the oral cavity temperature and the working efficiency, and provides a scientific and comprehensive judgment basis for judging whether the safety limit state is reached under the extreme heat environment, thereby ensuring the safety of labor producers.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention discloses a method for determining an oral cavity temperature limit value in an extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a subject meeting the experimental requirements, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
testing the physiological parameters of the testee, wherein if the initial oral cavity temperature of the testee is less than 37.5 ℃ and the change amplitude of the oral cavity temperature of the testee does not exceed 10% of the initial value within 30 minutes before the pre-experiment, the testee meets the experiment requirement;
step two, determining the test working condition of the heat stress experiment of the subject, wherein the process is as follows:
setting a plurality of groups of environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity and radiant heat intensity) and labor parameters for carrying out heat stress test in the experimental cabin; see table 1 for environmental parameters and labor parameters;
the labor parameter determination method comprises the following steps: according to ACGIH labor intensity classification, moderate labor intensity (such as that the subject exercises 4km/h on the running machine) and severe labor intensity (such as that the subject exercises 4km/h on the running machine) are simulated respectively.
TABLE 1 Heat stress test Condition
Figure RE-GDA0002355658500000041
Step three, carrying out heat stress test on each subject according to the heat stress experiment test working conditions set in the step two, and determining the actual oral cavity temperature values of the human body in the safety limit state under different working conditions, wherein the steps are as follows:
firstly, setting the environmental parameters of the heat stress test in the experimental chamber as a first working condition (such as the temperature (34 ℃) of the first working condition in the table 1, the relative humidity (60%) and the radiant heat intensity value (0 k)w/m2) After the environment of the experimental chamber is stabilized, the WBGT values at different environmental parameters in the experimental chamber are directly measured by a black bulb wet bulb thermometer until the set WBGT index (28.0) is reached, and all subjects (such as: 10 subjects) entered the experimental chamber;
and secondly, collecting physiological parameters of each testee before the experiment begins, wherein the physiological parameters comprise oral cavity temperature and a grip force value (representing labor work efficiency), the oral cavity temperature is measured by an air thermometer, and the grip force value is measured by a grip dynamometer.
And thirdly, half of the testees (5) perform set moderate labor (the running machine speed is 4km/h), the other half of the testees (5) perform set heavy labor (the running machine speed is 6km/h), the operation is stopped after 30 minutes, and the physiological parameters of the testees are collected again.
And fourthly, repeating the third step repeatedly, and collecting the oral cavity temperature of each subject when the grip strength value of the subject is reduced to 80% of the initial value (see the research on the heat tolerance of the human body under the high-temperature, high-humidity and low-oxygen environment in the doctor's academic thesis of Tianjin university, Li national institute of Japan, p. 108 of 2008, the human body is in a safe limit state when the labor work efficiency of the subject is 80% of the original value), and finishing the experimental test of the subject.
And fifthly, changing the environmental parameters of the first step, and repeating the first step and the fifth step until the experimental tests under all the working conditions are completed.
Step four, inputting the grip value (labor work efficiency, obtained by the grip meter test), oral cavity temperature (value obtained by the air thermometer test), WBGT (one WBGT value corresponding to each working condition) and the experimental test value of the labor intensity (namely the running speed, for example, the moderate labor intensity is 4km/h) when each subject stops the experimental test under all working conditions into SPSS software, and obtaining the regression formula V which is A + B multiplied by T1+C×T2A regression coefficient estimation value table of coefficient A, B, C, D in + DxS, where V represents work efficiency and T represents1Representing the calculated value of the limiting oral cavity temperature, T, of the human body under various working conditions2Representing a WBGT value, S representing a labor intensity value; the regression coefficient estimation value table takes a holding force value (labor work efficiency) as a dependent variable and the oral cavity temperatureThe values, WBGT value and labor intensity value are independent variables, and then specific values of coefficients A, B, C, D in the regression formula are obtained according to the regression coefficient estimation value table, so that the regression formula about labor work efficiency is obtained:
V＝-9.147+0.133×T1+0.152×T2+0.386×S
and carrying out reliability verification on the regression relation, wherein the process is as follows:
the first step is as follows: when the human body is in the safe labor limit state, the working efficiency (V) is 80% of the initial value, and then V is taken to be 0.8. As shown in Table 1, the experiment had 9 environmental conditions corresponding to 9 WBGT values (T)2). Then the regression formula of step four can be substituted into the working efficiency (V) and the WBGT value (T)2) And calculating the labor intensity value (S) to obtain the calculated value of the limit oral cavity temperature of the human body under 9 working conditions.
The second step is that: and respectively carrying out mean value calculation on the actual oral cavity temperature values measured under the same working condition and the same labor intensity in the third step when the personnel of each subject can not work continuously, so as to obtain the actual oral cavity temperature mean values of the personnel under different working conditions and different labor intensities, which can not work continuously.
The third step: and (3) carrying out pairing test on the calculated value of the oral cavity temperature and the actual mean value by adopting a t test method. Paired sample t-test is a statistical method, and the purpose of this is to test whether the differences between paired samples are statistically significant. The method is described in ' SPSS statistical analysis from entry to proficiency ' authored by Duqiang, Jialiyan, Seiko et al, 2014, people's post and telecommunications press, Chapter eighth, fifth section, page 113-.
The practical data verifies that the calculated value of the oral cavity temperature has no significant difference from the practical mean value, which indicates that the method is feasible.
Step five, calculating the mouth temperature of the laborers participating in actual labor by using the regression relational expression in the step four to judge whether the laborers are in a labor limit state under the determined environmental parameters, and stopping the labor immediately if the calculated value of the mouth temperature is reached or exceeded to ensure the labor safety of the laborers; if the oral cavity temperature of the actual worker does not exceed the calculated oral cavity temperature, the worker can continue to participate in the labor.
Example 1
The formula can be applied to artificial environment simulation experiments, and the environmental temperature is respectively set to be 34 ℃, 37 and 40 ℃, and the radiation intensity is set to be 0, 1 and 2kw/m2. Ninety male physical workers performed treadmill training as subjects to simulate real labor, setting 4km/h and 6km/h to simulate moderate, heavy labor. The three temperatures, the three radiation intensities and the two labor intensities are respectively combined to form 18 working conditions. The experiment was carried out for a total of 90 minutes, first according to V-9.147 +0.133 XT1+0.152×T2And +0.386 multiplied by S, substituting the working efficiency in the limit state and the working condition, calculating the oral cavity temperature in the safety labor limit state, judging whether the oral cavity temperature is in the safety labor limit state or not according to the oral cavity temperature, comparing the oral cavity temperature with the actual labor performance, and finally adopting corresponding protective measures to ensure the labor safety. The average values of the final test results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 comparison of oral cavity temperature limits under different environmental conditions at moderate labor intensity
Figure RE-GDA0002355658500000071
Table 2 oral cavity temperature limit comparison results under different environmental conditions at heavy labor intensity
Figure RE-GDA0002355658500000081

Claims (1)

1. A method for determining an oral cavity temperature limit value in an extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting a subject meeting the experimental requirements, wherein the process comprises the following steps:
testing the physiological parameters of the testee, wherein if the initial oral cavity temperature of the testee is less than 37.5 ℃ and the change amplitude of the oral cavity temperature of the testee does not exceed 10% of the initial value within 30 minutes before the pre-experiment, the testee meets the experiment requirement;
step two, determining the test working condition of the heat stress experiment of the subject, wherein the process is as follows:
setting a plurality of groups of environmental parameters and labor parameters for carrying out heat stress test in the experiment cabin;
the method for determining the labor parameters is to respectively simulate moderate labor intensity and severe labor intensity according to ACGIH labor intensity classification;
step three, carrying out heat stress test on each subject according to the heat stress experiment test working conditions set in the step two, and determining the actual oral cavity temperature values of the human body in the safety limit state under different working conditions, wherein the steps are as follows:
firstly, setting environmental parameters for heat stress test in an experiment chamber as a first working condition, directly measuring WBGT values under different environmental parameters in the experiment chamber through a black ball wet bulb thermometer after the environment of the experiment chamber is stable until the WBGT indexes are set, and enabling all subjects to enter the experiment chamber;
secondly, collecting physiological parameters of each subject before the experiment begins, wherein the physiological parameters comprise oral cavity temperature and a grip force value representing the labor work efficiency, the oral cavity temperature is measured by an air thermometer, and the grip force value is measured by a grip dynamometer;
thirdly, half of the testees perform set moderate labor, the other half of the testees perform set severe labor, the operation is stopped after 30 minutes, and the physiological parameters of the testees are collected again;
and fourthly, repeating the third step repeatedly, and collecting the oral cavity temperature of each subject if the grip strength value of the subject is reduced to 80% of the initial value, and finishing the experimental test of the subject.
And fifthly, changing the environmental parameters of the first step, and repeating the first step and the fifth step until the experimental tests under all the working conditions are completed.
Step four, stopping the grip value, oral cavity temperature, WBGT and labor intensity of each subject when the experiment test is stopped under all working conditionsInputting the experimental test value of the degree into SPSS software to obtain a regression formula V ═ A + B × T1+C×T2+ DxS coefficient A, B, C, D regression coefficient estimate table, where V represents labor efficiency and T1Representing the calculated value of the limiting oral cavity temperature, T, of the human body under various working conditions2Representing a WBGT value, S representing a labor intensity value; then, specific values of the coefficients A, B, C, D in the regression formula are obtained according to the regression coefficient estimation value table, and further the regression formula about the labor work efficiency is obtained:
V＝-9.147+0.133×T1+0.152×T2+0.386×S
step five, calculating the mouth temperature of the laborers participating in the actual labor by using the regression relational expression in the step four to judge whether the laborers are in the labor limit state under the determined environmental parameters, and immediately stopping the labor if the calculated value of the mouth temperature is reached or exceeded; if the oral cavity temperature of the actual worker does not exceed the calculated oral cavity temperature, the worker continues to participate in the labor.
CN201910995993.3A 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 Method for determining oral cavity temperature limit value in extreme thermal environment based on working efficiency Pending CN110840414A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN109872811A (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-11 天津大学 A kind of construction method of human body thermoacclimatization training effect evaluation index

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107049274A (en) * 2017-02-28 2017-08-18 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所 Thermal environment self-employed labour safety monitoring assembly and evaluation method based on physiological parameter
CN109872811A (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-11 天津大学 A kind of construction method of human body thermoacclimatization training effect evaluation index

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Title
李国建: "高温高湿低氧环境下人体热耐受性研究", 《天津大学博士学位论文》 *
王敬美: "高温高湿环境中人的工作效率及劳动安全研究", 《天津大学硕士学位论文》 *

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