CN110838598A - Method for increasing safety during operation of battery cells and battery cell - Google Patents
Method for increasing safety during operation of battery cells and battery cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110838598A CN110838598A CN201910757733.2A CN201910757733A CN110838598A CN 110838598 A CN110838598 A CN 110838598A CN 201910757733 A CN201910757733 A CN 201910757733A CN 110838598 A CN110838598 A CN 110838598A
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- battery cell
- radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
A method of improving safety during operation of a battery cell and a battery cell. The invention relates to a method for increasing the safety during operation of a battery cell (1), the battery cell (1) having at least a cathode part (2), an anode part (3) and an electrolyte (4), wherein the cathode part (2) and the anode part (3) are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte (4), and wherein the electrolyte (4) comprises a polymerizable compound (5). The invention further relates to a battery cell (1) having at least a cathode section (2), an anode section (3) and an electrolyte (4), wherein the cathode section (2) and the anode section (3) are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte (4), and wherein the electrolyte (4) comprises a polymerizable compound (5), and having a monitoring unit (10) for monitoring the battery cell (1).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for increasing the safety during operation of a battery cell having at least a cathode part, an anode part and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode part and the anode part are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte, and wherein the electrolyte comprises a polymerizable compound. The invention also relates to a battery cell having at least a cathode section, an anode section and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode section and the anode section are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte, and wherein the electrolyte comprises a polymerizable compound, and a monitoring unit for monitoring the battery cell.
Background
In modern technology, it is known in principle that: battery cells, in particular rechargeable battery cells, are used in order to be able to provide electrical energy, in particular in mobile applications. Such battery cells may be based, for example, on lithium ion technology. The known battery cells mostly have: an anode portion having an anode; and a cathode portion having a cathode; and an electrolyte at least partially surrounding the anode and the cathode. In certain cases, such as internal or external short circuits, increased temperatures and/or strong mechanical loads, such battery cells can be damaged and in particular can overheat, wherein such overheating often increases itself and can therefore also be a threat to the surroundings of the battery cells in particular. Thermal reactions leading to overheating mostly start at the anode, for example due to the decomposition of an inert boundary layer (solid electrolyte interface film), SEI, on the surface of the anode, and the exothermic reaction with the electrolyte of the battery cell triggered thereby. Due to the increasing temperature, oxygen may later be released at the cathode, in particular initially, whereby the self-increasing overheating is further increased.
According to the prior art, it is also known: safety measures are taken in order to prevent this self-reinforcing overheating process. It is particularly well known that: in the electrolyte of the battery cell, the polymerization due to the polymerization reaction is triggered when the temperature in the battery cell increases, in particular by mixing of the polymerizable compound in the electrolyte. In this way, a reduction and/or adjustment of the mobility of the electrolyte can be achieved, which results in particular in the suppression of the exothermic reaction of the electrolyte with or at the anode. Thereby, self-enhancement of heat generation is suppressed and stopped.
According to the prior art, it is known in particular that: the triggering of the polymerization reaction is controlled by thermal and thus passive activation of the polymerizable compounds, see in particular DE 4406617 a1, DE 102012221761 a1 and DE 102016210562 a 1. However, it has proven to be disadvantageous in this case: as described above, the triggering of the polymerization reaction takes place only passively, so that the point in time of the triggering cannot be controlled. A preventive trigger for the polymerization reaction cannot be provided by such a passive thermal activation of the polymerizable compound.
Disclosure of Invention
The task of the invention is therefore: the above-described disadvantages in the prior art are at least partially eliminated. The task of the invention is in particular: a method for increasing the safety during operation of a battery cell and a battery cell are provided, which can be realized in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner and in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner: actively controlled and/or monitored triggering of the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound in the electrolyte of the battery cell can be achieved, wherein in particular also other, preferably not thermal, triggering criteria can be taken into account.
The above-mentioned object is achieved by the patent claims. This object is achieved in particular by a method for increasing the safety during operation of a battery cell having the features of independent claim 1. The object is also achieved by a battery cell having the features of independent claim 4. Further advantages and details of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. The features described in connection with the method according to the invention are of course also applicable in connection with the battery cell according to the invention and vice versa, respectively, so that the disclosures in respect of the various inventive aspects are or can be always mutually referenced.
According to a first aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by a method for increasing the safety during operation of a battery cell having at least a cathode part, an anode part and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode part and the anode part are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte, and wherein the electrolyte comprises a polymerizable compound. The method according to the invention is characterized by the following steps:
a) monitoring the operating state of the battery cells by a monitoring unit for identifying a fault condition;
b) upon identification of a fault situation in step a), operating a radiation source by means of the monitoring unit for emitting polymerization radiation by means of the radiation source; and also
c) The polymerization radiation emitted by the radiation source in step b) is introduced into the electrolyte for triggering the polymerization reaction in the polymerizable compound in the electrolyte.
The method according to the invention is intended for use in a battery cell, in particular in order to be able to increase the safety during operation of the battery cell. Particularly preferably, such a battery cell can be designed as a lithium-ion battery cell and can be provided, for example, for use in a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. The battery cell has, in particular, a cathode section with a cathode and an anode section with an anode, which are each at least partially surrounded by an electrolyte. The volume in which the electrolyte is arranged may preferably also be divided into at least two sub-volumes by a membrane which is permeable, in particular for charged ions, preferably at least one sub-volume for the anode part and at least one other sub-volume for the cathode part. According to the invention, the electrolyte also contains, inter alia, polymerizable compounds. The polymerizable compounds can in particular also be configured as radiation-initiated polymerizable compounds. In other words, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound can be triggered by the introduction of correspondingly configured polymerization radiation.
According to a first step a) of the method according to the invention, the operating state of the battery cells is monitored. The monitoring may be performed continuously or at least substantially continuously, in particular by measuring an operating parameter of the battery cell, for example by means of a suitable sensor element. It is also conceivable that: at intervals and/or according to the operating mode of the motor vehicle, for example, at least partial suspension of the monitoring when the vehicle is stopped. If a measurement result outside a parameter range that can be specified in particular is detected in these measurements or during the monitoring of the operating state of the battery cell by the monitoring unit, a fault situation can be detected by the monitoring unit of the battery cell. Preferably, the parameter limits for identifying a fault situation can be selected such that, upon identification of a fault situation, it can be expected: overheating of the battery cells, especially self-reinforcing, may be imminent. In the context of the present invention, the parameter limits can be defined not only for fixed values of the operating parameters but also for variations and/or gradients of the operating parameters.
In a subsequent step b), in particular in the case of the fault situation identified in step a), the radiation source is controlled by the monitoring unit. The radiation source is in particular designed to emit polymerization radiation. Furthermore, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compounds in the electrolyte can be triggered in particular by the polymerization radiation. In other words, the polymerization radiation in the context of the present invention is a radiation by means of which the polymerization in the polymerizable compound can be introduced and/or triggered. In order to be able to provide this, the polymerizable compound in the electrolyte can be designed in particular as a radiation-initiated polymerizable compound.
In a final step c) of the method according to the invention, it is provided that: the polymerization radiation emitted by the radiation source in step b) is introduced into the electrolyte. This may be provided, for example, by placing the radiation source directly in the electrolyte. It can also be provided that: the polymerization radiation of the radiation source, which in this case is arranged outside the battery cell, is injected through suitable injection openings into the interior of the electrolyte-filled battery volume of the battery cell and thereby into the electrolyte. A plurality of radiation sources, preferably arranged uniformly in and/or on the battery cell, can also be used for providing the polymerization radiation. The polymerization of the polymerizable compound, which can be initiated by the radiation, is triggered by the polymerizing radiation introduced into the electrolyte. Thus, polymerization of the entire electrolyte may be caused in this manner. The polymerization reaction leads in particular to a reduction and/or adjustment of the mobility of the electrolyte and thereby to an inhibition of the reaction of the electrolyte with or on the anode of the anode part. In this way, further damage to the battery cell due to overheating and in particular a threat to the surroundings of the battery cell, in particular to other battery cells, can be prevented.
In summary, the method according to the invention makes it possible to improve the safety during operation of the battery cell as follows: upon identification of an imminent and/or possible fault condition, a polymerization reaction in the electrolyte of the battery cell is triggered. Said triggering of the polymerization reaction is provided actively controlled by introducing polymerization radiation emitted by a radiation source. In other words, the provision can be controlled and monitored by actively manipulating the radiation source by the monitoring unit. In this way, the polymerization reaction in the electrolyte can be triggered particularly early and in particular also preventively, no measures being provided in the case of purely passive triggering of the polymerization reaction in the electrolyte.
In the method according to the invention, provision can also be made for: for the monitoring in step a), at least one of the following operating parameters is determined by a fault sensor, wherein in particular the measurement result of the fault sensor is compared with a fault limit value:
temperature of
-voltage
-current of
-power output
-mechanical load.
The list is not completed, so that, in particular, other operating parameters can also be used to monitor the operating state of the battery cells, as long as this is technically possible and reasonable. In particular, a plurality of these operating parameters can also be determined by correspondingly designed fault situation sensors, wherein for each of these operating parameters, an individual fault situation limit value is preferably used. Thus, a combination of two or more monitored operating parameters and their fault situation limit values can also be provided. The fault situation limit value in the context of the present invention can be, in particular, a simple value, above which or below which a check is made as to whether it is exceeded or undershot. The value ranges within which the monitored operating parameters should be located during normal operation of the battery cells or outside of them can also be fault situation limit values in the context of the present invention. In this way, a particularly thorough monitoring of the operating state of the battery cells can be provided.
The method according to the invention can be further developed as follows: as polymerization radiation at least one of the following radiation types is used:
UV radiation
-IR radiation
-visible light
-X-ray
-electrons
-microwaves.
The list is also not conclusive, so that other and further polymerization radiations can also be used, if reasonable and possible. By means of different polymerization radiations, it is possible in particular to use a plurality of different polymerizable compounds as part of the respective electrolyte of the battery cell. Correspondingly, the radiation sources used in each case can also be designed to emit corresponding polymerization radiation. Here, diodes for emitting UV radiation should be cited as an example. Depending on the electrolyte used, suitable, in particular as little as possible or at least only slightly, polymerizable compounds can also be selected which do not affect the normal operation of the battery cell. In this way, a particularly large bandwidth of the battery cell on or in which the method according to the invention can be applied can be achieved.
According to a second aspect of the invention, this object is achieved by a battery cell having at least a cathode section, an anode section and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode section and the anode section are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte, and wherein the electrolyte comprises a polymerizable compound, and having a monitoring unit for monitoring the battery cell. The battery cell according to the present invention is characterized in that: the polymerizable compound is designed as a radiation-initiated polymerizable compound, and the battery cell has an operable radiation source for emitting polymerization radiation for the controlled triggering of a radiation-initiated polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound of the electrolyte.
The battery cell according to the invention has, in particular, a cathode part with a cathode, an anode part with an anode and an electrolyte as main components, wherein the cathode of the cathode part and the anode of the anode part are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte. The volume in which the electrolyte is arranged may preferably also be divided into at least two sub-volumes by a membrane which is permeable, in particular for charged ions, preferably at least one sub-volume for the anode part and at least one other sub-volume for the cathode part. The battery cell according to the invention can therefore provide electrical energy, in particular for mobile applications. The electrolyte of the battery cell according to the invention also comprises, in particular, polymerizable compounds by means of which the polymerization reaction of the electrolyte can be triggered or carried out. The monitoring unit of the battery cell can in particular monitor the operating state of the battery cell, in particular in order to be able to determine deviations of the operating state of the battery cell from normal operation and thereby determine fault situations during operation of the battery cell. The monitoring unit may be constructed as part of the battery cell itself. Alternatively or additionally, the monitoring unit can also be provided separately from the remaining battery cells and/or integrated into a higher-level monitoring device, for example a monitoring device of a vehicle.
According to the present invention, the polymerizable compound contained in the electrolyte is configured as a polymerizable compound that can be initiated by radiation. "radiation-inducible" in the sense of the present invention means in particular: the polymerization reaction in the electrolyte, which is provided by the polymerizable compound, can be triggered by the polymerization radiation introduced by an external radiation source. For this purpose, the battery cell according to the invention has, in particular, a controllable radiation source for emitting the polymerization radiation. A plurality of radiation sources, preferably arranged uniformly in and/or on the battery cell, can also be provided for providing the polymerization radiation. "controllable" in the context of the present invention means in particular: the radiation source can be controlled by the monitoring unit in a monitored manner, in particular, for example, controlled and/or regulated manner, wherein the emission of the polymerization radiation can thereby be switched on or off. The radiation source is in particular again designed as follows: by means of the radiation source, a polymerization radiation suitable for the radiation-initiated polymerization of the polymerizable compounds of the electrolyte can be emitted. In other words, in the battery cell according to the invention, deviations of the operating state of the battery cell from the nominal value can be detected, in particular and preferably controlled and/or monitored by the monitoring unit, and in particular in the event of a fault, the radiation source is actuated and the emission of the polymerization radiation to the radiation source is triggered as a result. The polymerizing radiation may in turn be introduced into the electrolyte of the battery cell, thereby triggering the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compounds in the electrolyte. By means of the particularly active triggering of the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound, a self-increasing overheating of the battery cell can be suppressed in particular. In this way, threats to the battery cell itself and in particular also to the surroundings of the battery cell due to such self-enhancing overheating can be reliably avoided.
Particularly preferably, the battery cell according to the present invention may be constructed as follows: the monitoring unit is designed to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention. All the advantages already described in detail with respect to the method according to the first aspect of the invention can therefore also be provided by the battery cell according to the invention according to the second aspect of the invention, the monitoring unit of which is designed to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
Preferably, in the battery cell according to the invention there can also be provided: the battery cell is configured as a lithium ion battery cell. Lithium-ion battery cells are battery cells with a particularly high energy density, whereby a particularly large amount of electrical energy or power can be provided by the battery cells according to the invention.
In the battery cell according to the invention, it can also be provided that: the radiation source is configured for emitting at least one of the following polymerization radiations:
UV radiation
-IR radiation
-visible light
-X-ray
-electrons
-microwaves.
The list is not complete, so that other polymerization radiations can also be emitted by a correspondingly configured radiation source of the battery cell according to the invention. In this way, a particularly adapted embodiment of the radiation source of the battery cell according to the invention, in particular adapted to the corresponding radiation-inducible polymerizable compound present in the electrolyte, can be provided.
In addition, in the battery cell according to the invention, it can also be provided that: the electrolyte includes at least one radiation-inducible polymerizable compound of the following radiation-inducible polymerizable compounds:
-acrylic acid
-acrylic esters
-methacrylic acid
-methacrylic acid ester
-alkoxy compounds
-etherified compound
-methoxy compound
-an amine.
The list is not complete, so that other radiation-initiated polymerizable compounds may also be present in the electrolyte of the battery cell according to the invention. For each battery cell, in particular, suitable polymerizable compounds can be selected such that, depending on, in particular, the electrolyte texture, a particularly good mixing of electrolyte and polymerizable compounds can be provided for each battery cell.
Preferably, the battery cell according to the present invention may also be constructed as follows: the electrolyte comprises at least one initiator compound, in particular a thermally latent initiator compound, for enhancing the polymerization reaction initiated by radiation. Among the electrolytes and the polymerizable compounds comprised by the electrolyte there may be present: for example, the penetration depth of the polymerization radiation emitted by the radiation source into the electrolyte is limited. By means of the initiator compound, it is also possible to transmit the action of the polymerization radiation, in particular the polymerization reaction, to the remaining total electrolyte beyond the direct action of the polymerization radiation. In this way, an enhancement of the polymerization reaction initiated by radiation, in particular an expansion of the polymerization reaction initiated by radiation, onto preferably the entire electrolyte of the battery cell can be provided particularly simply. The thermally latent initiator compounds have, in particular, a high temperature stability, so that the advantages of the initiator compounds can be provided by the thermally latent initiator compounds over a large temperature range and particularly preferably independently of the temperature. Thus, the use of more stable polymerizable compounds is also possible, whereby a greater bandwidth in the material selection can be provided for the polymerizable compounds.
According to a first embodiment of the battery cell of the invention, provision can also be made for: the polymerization initiated by the radiation is a free radical polymerization, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one initiator compound of the following initiator compounds:
peroxides of
-disulfides
-azo compounds.
The list is not complete so that other suitable initiator compounds can be used for the free radical polymerization reaction.
According to an alternative embodiment, provision can also be made in the battery cell according to the invention for: the polymerization initiated by the radiation is a cationic polymerization, wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one initiator compound of the following initiator compounds:
aromatic diazonium salts
Aryl sulfonium salt
Salts of (E) -alkoxypyridines
-sulfonyl ketones
-coumarin derivatives
-benzoin derivatives.
This list is not complete, so that in particular other initiator compounds suitable for enhancing the cationic polymerization in the electrolyte can also be used.
Drawings
The invention is subsequently further elucidated on the basis of the appended drawings. All features which are evident from the claims, the description or the figures, including structural details and spatial arrangements, can reflect the inventive nature not only in itself but also in any different combination. Elements having the same function and/or operating principle are provided with the same reference numerals in figures 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
Wherein:
fig. 1 schematically shows a method according to the invention;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates a battery cell according to the present invention; while
Fig. 3 schematically shows another view of a battery cell according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a method according to the invention, as it can be carried out, for example, by a battery cell 1 according to the invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. In fig. 1, the individual steps a) to c) are indicated in capital letters. In the following, fig. 1, 2 and 3 are described together, wherein the details of the respective figures are discussed separately.
Fig. 2 shows, in particular, a battery cell 1 according to the invention, which can preferably be designed as a lithium-ion battery cell 1. Important components of the battery cell 1 are, inter alia, a cathode part 2 with a cathode, an anode part 3 with an anode and an electrolyte 4. The electrolyte 4 of the battery cell 1 according to the invention also comprises a polymerizable compound 5. The polymerizable compound 5 is preferably dissolved in the electrolyte 4 and is only shown as a separate area in fig. 2 for better visibility. Further, it is also possible to provide: initiator compounds 6 are present in the electrolyte 4, which can be used, inter alia, to enhance the polymerization reaction. The initiator compound 6 is preferably also dissolved in the electrolyte 4 and is shown in fig. 2 only as a separate area for better visibility. The cathode of the cathode part 2 and the anode of the anode part 3 are in particular at least partially surrounded by an electrolyte 4, so that electrical energy can be tapped off at the cathode part 2 and at the anode part 3.
Fig. 3 shows the battery cell 1 according to the invention depicted in fig. 2 in a further view, in particular in a side view. In this illustration, the separator 7 can be clearly seen, which in the preferred embodiment of the battery cell 1 according to the invention is arranged between the cathode part 2 and the anode part 3. The cathode of the cathode portion 2 and the anode of the anode portion 3 are not depicted together. In the figure, an electrolyte 4 is shown, which has a polymerizable compound 5 dissolved in the electrolyte and an initiator compound 6 also dissolved in the electrolyte.
The monitoring unit 10 is designed to monitor the operating state of the battery cell 1, for example by using a fault situation sensor 11. These fault situation sensors 11 can be designed, for example, as shown, as temperature sensors 12 and/or voltage sensors 13. In this way it is possible, for example, to monitor whether the temperature of the battery cell 1 exceeds a limit temperature and/or to monitor whether the voltage supplied by the battery cell 1 falls below a voltage limit. This corresponds to step a) of the method according to the invention, which is denoted by a in fig. 1. Preferably, this monitoring can be carried out continuously or at least substantially continuously, alternatively or additionally also at intervals, wherein other operating parameters, such as the current, the power output and/or the mechanical load of the battery cell 1, can also be monitored by the monitoring unit 10 by corresponding activation of further, not depicted fault situation sensors 11.
If a fault situation is detected in a second step B), which is denoted by B in fig. 1, for example, a fault situation which is caused by exceeding or falling below a fault situation limit value, the radiation source 20 of the battery cell 1 can be activated by the monitoring unit 10. As depicted, the radiation source 20 can also be arranged inside the battery cell 1, in particular inside the battery cell 1 embedded in the electrolyte 4. Alternatively or additionally, the radiation source 20 can also be arranged outside the battery cell 1. Reflecting the inventive nature, the radiation source 20 can emit the polymerization radiation 21 in a controlled manner by the monitoring unit 10 in step b) of the method according to the invention. To this effect, the electrolyte 4 of the battery cell 1 according to the invention comprises a polymerizable compound 5. According to the invention, the polymerizable compound 5 is configured in a radiation-initiated manner, i.e. in other words, the polymerization of the polymerizable compound 5 can be triggered upon the input of the polymerization radiation 21 of the radiation source 20.
This corresponds to step C) of the method according to the invention, which is denoted by C in fig. 1. The polymerization radiation 21 can be introduced particularly simply by means of the radiation source 20 in the electrolyte 4 if the radiation source 20 is already arranged in the electrolyte 4. In the case of an external radiation source 20 outside the battery cell 1, it can preferably be provided that: corresponding radiation-transparent windows may be provided in the housing and/or foil casing of the battery cell 1 for introducing the polymerizing radiation 21 into the electrolyte 4. Depending on the polymerizable compound 5 used and the radiation source 20 used, the polymerization radiation 21 can preferably be UV radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, X-ray, microwave radiation and/or electrons. The reduction and/or adjustment of the flowability of the electrolyte 4 is triggered by the polymerization of the polymeric compound 5 as a result of the introduction of the polymerization radiation 21, thereby resulting in the suppression of the reaction of the electrolyte 4 with the anode part 3 or on the anode part 3. Thus, in other words, a strong barrier is provided between the anode portion 3 and the cathode portion 2, which barrier prevents further charge transfer between the anode portion 3 and the cathode portion 2. Thereby, reactions which may lead to self-enhanced heat generation in the battery cell 1 may be prevented, among other things. Depending on the polymerization radiation 21 used and in particular the electrolyte 4 used in the battery cell 1, different radiation-initiated polymerizable compounds 5 can be used, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters, alkoxy compounds, etherates, methoxy compounds and/or amines thereof. Further, it is also possible to provide: initiator compounds 6 are present in the electrolyte 4, which can be used, inter alia, to enhance the polymerization reaction. In this way, for example: the polymerization radiation 21 often has only a slight penetration depth into the electrolyte 4. Particularly preferably, such an initiator compound 6 can be constructed thermally latent and thereby not or only not significantly dependent on temperature. Depending on whether the polymerization is designed as a free-radical polymerization or as a cationic polymerization, the initiator compound 6 can be designed accordingly. Thus, the free-radical polymerization can be enhanced, for example, by peroxides, disulfides and/or azo compounds as initiator compounds 6. In the case of cationic polymerization, for example, aromatic diazonium salts, arylsulfonium salts, alkoxypyridinium salts, sulfonylketones, coumarin derivatives and/or benzoin derivatives can be used as initiator compound 6.
Thus, in summary, by means of the method according to the invention as in fig. 1 or by means of the battery cell 1 according to the invention as shown in fig. 2 and 3, it is possible to provide: an active triggering of the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound 5 in the electrolyte 4 of the battery cell 1 can be provided. In particular, the operating state of the battery cell 1 can be monitored by the monitoring unit 10 and, based on the monitoring result, the polymerization reaction can be triggered by actuating the radiation source 20. This can be done on the one hand when a fault situation has occurred, but can also be done preventively on the other hand. Overall, the safety during operation of the battery cell 1 according to the invention can be increased in this way.
List of reference numerals
1 Battery cell
2 cathode part
3 anode part
4 electrolyte
5 polymerizable Compound
6 initiator compound
7 diaphragm
10 monitoring unit
11 fault condition sensor
12 temperature sensor
13 Voltage sensor
20 radiation source
21 polymerizing the radiation.
Claims (11)
1. A method for improving the safety during operation of a battery cell (1), the battery cell (1) having at least a cathode part (2), an anode part (3) and an electrolyte (4), wherein the cathode part (2) and the anode part (3) are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte (4), and wherein the electrolyte (4) comprises a polymerizable compound (5),
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) monitoring the operating state of the battery cells (1) by means of a monitoring unit (10) for identifying a fault situation;
b) -upon identification of a fault condition in step a), operating a radiation source (20) by means of the monitoring unit (10) for emitting polymerization radiation (21) by means of the radiation source (20); and also
c) -introducing polymerization radiation (21) emitted by the radiation source (20) in step b) into the electrolyte (4) for triggering a polymerization reaction in the polymerizable compound (5) in the electrolyte (4).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
for the monitoring in step a), at least one of the following operating parameters is determined by a fault sensor (11), wherein in particular the measurement result of the fault sensor (11) is compared with a fault limit value:
temperature of
-voltage
-current of
-power output
-mechanical load.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
as polymerization radiation (21), at least one of the following radiation types is used:
UV radiation
-IR radiation
-visible light
-X-ray
-microwaves
-an electron.
4. A battery cell (1) having at least a cathode section (2), an anode section (3) and an electrolyte (4), wherein the cathode section (2) and the anode section (3) are at least partially surrounded by the electrolyte (4), and wherein the electrolyte (4) comprises a polymerizable compound (5), the battery cell further having a monitoring unit (10) for monitoring the battery cell (1),
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the polymerizable compound (5) is designed as a radiation-initiated polymerizable compound (5), and the battery cell (1) has a controllable radiation source (20) for emitting polymerization radiation (21) for the controlled triggering of a radiation-initiated polymerization reaction of the polymerizable compound (5) of the electrolyte (4).
5. The battery cell (1) according to claim 4,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the monitoring unit (10) is designed to carry out the method according to one of claims 1 to 3.
6. The battery cell (1) according to claim 4 or 5,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the battery cell (1) is designed as a lithium-ion battery cell (1).
7. The battery cell (1) according to one of claims 4 to 6,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the radiation source (20) is designed to emit at least one of the following polymerization radiations (21):
UV radiation
-IR radiation
-visible light
-X-ray
-microwaves
-an electron.
8. The battery cell (1) according to one of claims 4 to 7,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the electrolyte (4) comprises at least one radiation-inducible polymerizable compound of the following radiation-inducible polymerizable compounds (5):
-acrylic acid
-acrylic esters
-methacrylic acid
-methacrylic acid ester
-alkoxy compounds
-etherified compound
-methoxy compound
-an amine.
9. The battery cell (1) according to one of claims 4 to 8,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the electrolyte (4) comprises at least one initiator compound (6), in particular a thermally latent initiator compound (6), for enhancing the radiation-initiated polymerization reaction.
10. The battery cell (1) according to claim 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the polymerization initiated by radiation is a free-radical polymerization, wherein the electrolyte (4) comprises at least one initiator compound of the following initiator compounds (6):
peroxides of
-disulfides
-azo compounds.
11. The battery cell (1) according to claim 9,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the polymerization initiated by radiation is a cationic polymerization, wherein the electrolyte (4) comprises at least one initiator compound of the following initiator compounds (6):
aromatic diazonium salts
Aryl sulfonium salt
Salts of (E) -alkoxypyridines
-sulfonyl ketones
-coumarin derivatives
-benzoin derivatives.
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| DE102018120029.3 | 2018-08-17 | ||
| DE102018120029.3A DE102018120029A1 (en) | 2018-08-17 | 2018-08-17 | Method for increasing safety when operating a battery cell and battery cell |
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| CN110838598A true CN110838598A (en) | 2020-02-25 |
| CN110838598B CN110838598B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1406401A (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-03-26 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery |
| US20160126519A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2016-05-05 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Cross-linked compound particle and secondary battery including the same |
| US20180102572A1 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-12 | Oneevent Technologies, Inc. | Prefailure monitoring system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2119959C (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 2000-03-14 | Soichiro Kawakami | Secondary battery |
| WO1999065101A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-16 | Moltech Corporation | Multifunctional reactive monomers for safety protection of nonaqueous electrochemical cells |
| DE102013217039B4 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2021-12-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Monitoring and inspection of a battery cell using electromagnetic waves through transparent components |
| DE102016210562A1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | METHOD FOR INCREASING SAFETY IN LITHIUM ION BATTERIES AND LITHIUM ION BATTERIES WITH INCREASED SAFETY |
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2018
- 2018-08-17 DE DE102018120029.3A patent/DE102018120029A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1406401A (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-03-26 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery |
| US20160126519A1 (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2016-05-05 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Cross-linked compound particle and secondary battery including the same |
| US20180102572A1 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-12 | Oneevent Technologies, Inc. | Prefailure monitoring system |
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|---|---|
| DE102018120029A1 (en) | 2020-02-20 |
| CN110838598B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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