CN110835380B - Process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by microwave-assisted method - Google Patents
Process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by microwave-assisted method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110835380B CN110835380B CN201911272947.7A CN201911272947A CN110835380B CN 110835380 B CN110835380 B CN 110835380B CN 201911272947 A CN201911272947 A CN 201911272947A CN 110835380 B CN110835380 B CN 110835380B
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which comprises the following steps: dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode; crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa; adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and then performing microwave treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution; the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract is subjected to enzyme deactivation, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide. According to the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the microwave-assisted method, dehydration is performed in a physical extrusion mode before the polysaccharide is extracted, so that the defect of drying and dehydration in the prior art is overcome; meanwhile, the polysaccharide is extracted by adopting a mode of combining enzymolysis with microwave assistance, the process conditions are controllable, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food,
in particular, the invention relates to a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method.
Background
Sparassis crispa, also called Sparassis crispa and Sparassis crispa, has white or milk yellow fruiting body, plump shape like Sparassis crispa, and is crystal clear, white, tender and soft. Because the natural wild resources are scarce in storage amount and the artificial cultivation difficulty is high, the mushroom is called as the king of Wangu mushroom and is one of the most famous edible and medicinal fungi in the world. Because of its ultra-high ability to activate immunity, it is called "fantasy miracle" in Japan. Common mushrooms grow on the shade, and the hydrangea mushrooms need more than 10 hours of irradiation every day and are the only 'sunshine mushrooms' in the world.
The Sparassis crispa is characterized by containing a large amount of beta glucan. According to the analysis of the food analysis center, each 100 g of Sparassis crispa contains beta-glucan as high as 43.6g, which is 3-4 times higher than that of Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus blazei Murill. It can be said that the β -glucan contained in Sparassis crispa is the most abundant among mushrooms. Glucans are polysaccharides obtained by polymerizing glucose monomers and are classified into α -type glucans and β -type glucans, and α -type glucans such as starch are the main sources of body energy and have no biological activity. The beta-glucan is a bioactive substance, and has multiple functions of immunoregulation, tumor resistance, inflammation resistance, virus resistance, oxidation resistance, radiation resistance, blood sugar reduction, blood fat reduction, liver protection and the like as proved by medical research.
At present, there are many researches on the extraction of polysaccharide components in sparassis crispa, and the common method is to grind fresh sparassis crispa into bacterial powder after hot air or freeze drying, and then extract the bacterial powder by hot water or alkali liquor, so that the yield of extracted polysaccharide is limited, and the energy consumption in the drying process is higher. In addition, the hot air drying has high drying temperature, so that on one hand, the energy consumption is high, and on the other hand, the hot air drying temperature is high, so that the high temperature can damage active substances in the sparassis crispa and influence the extraction rate of polysaccharide in the sparassis crispa. Although the freeze drying has mild conditions and can better retain active substances in the sparassis crispa, the freeze drying has low drying efficiency and high cost and is not suitable for large-scale production and application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method comprises the following steps:
dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode;
crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa;
adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and then performing microwave treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution;
and (3) inactivating enzyme, concentrating, precipitating with ethanol, and drying the Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extract to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sparassis crispa to the pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 20-40% of cellulase, wherein the cellulase accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed solution.
Preferably, the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHZ, the power is 400-600W, and the time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the microwave-assisted method further comprises the following steps of: and adding an organic solvent protective agent into the mixed solution during the microwave treatment, wherein the organic solvent protective agent accounts for 10-20% of the volume of the mixed solution.
Preferably, the organic solvent protectant is cyclohexane or hexane.
Preferably, the pH adjusting agent is citric acid.
Preferably, 70-85% of water in the fresh sparassis crispa can be removed through the dehydration treatment.
Preferably, the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the microwave-assisted method further comprises the following steps of: and before the dehydration treatment, the fresh sparassis crispa is washed and drained.
Preferably, the particle size of the Sparassis crispa after the grinding treatment is 10-20 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
according to the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the microwave-assisted method, dehydration is performed in a physical extrusion mode before the polysaccharide is extracted, so that the defect of drying and dehydration in the prior art is overcome; meanwhile, the polysaccharide is extracted by adopting a mode of combining enzymolysis with microwave assistance, the process conditions are controllable, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is high.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by an ultrasonic-assisted method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode;
(2) crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa;
(3) adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and then performing microwave treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution;
(4) the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract is subjected to enzyme deactivation, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying to obtain Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide. Preferably, before the dehydration treatment, the method further comprises the steps of cleaning and draining the fresh sparassis crispa to remove impurities such as soil on the fresh sparassis crispa. The water content of the fresh sparassis crispa is more than 90%, and 70-85% of water of the fresh sparassis crispa can be removed through the dehydration treatment in the step (1). According to the method, the fresh sparassis crispa is dehydrated in a physical extrusion mode, the defects of the traditional hot air drying or freeze drying dehydration are overcome, active substances in the fresh sparassis crispa can be retained to the maximum extent, the operation is simple, the energy consumption is low, and the method can be applied in a large scale in batches; and the physical dehydration degree can meet the requirements of subsequent treatment.
And (3) after the crushing treatment in the step (2), passing through a mesh screen with the particle size of 10-20 mm, wherein the particle size of the sparassis crispa is 10-20 mm.
The mass ratio of the sparassis crispa to the pure water in the mixed solution in the step (3) is 1: 20-40% of cellulase, wherein the cellulase accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed solution. The pH regulator is citric acid.
In the step (3), the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHZ, the power is 400-600W, and the time is 10-20 min. The control of the microwave treatment power and time in the step (3) is particularly important, and the activity of cellulase can be damaged when the microwave power is too high or the treatment time is too long, so that the extraction rate of the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide is reduced. The activity of the cellulase can be enhanced on the basis of enzymolysis by selecting proper microwave power and controlling the microwave time, and higher polysaccharide extraction rate can be obtained in shorter treatment time.
The polysaccharide is extracted by the enzymolysis in the step (3) and the microwave treatment process, so that the defects of long time consumption and low efficiency of pure enzyme extraction can be overcome; meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring the high activity of the cellulase, the microwave treatment is utilized to obtain higher polysaccharide extraction rate in a shorter time.
In order to ensure the activity of the cellulase in the microwave treatment process, an organic solvent protective agent, such as a low-polarity organic solvent like cyclohexane or hexane, can be added into the mixed solution during the microwave treatment, and the existence of the organic solvent can improve the resistance of the cellulase to microwave inactivation, but the addition amount of the organic solvent is not too large, so that the extraction rate of the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide is reduced. Preferably, the organic solvent protective agent accounts for 10-20% of the volume of the mixed solution.
And (4) inactivating enzyme, centrifuging, concentrating under reduced pressure, precipitating with 75% ethanol, centrifuging, and drying to obtain crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide. Inactivating enzyme in 100 deg.C hot water for 5 min. The content of polysaccharide in the sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide is measured by adopting a method of NY/T1676-.
According to the process for extracting the Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by the microwave-assisted method, dehydration is performed in a physical extrusion mode before the polysaccharide is extracted, so that the defect of drying and dehydration in the prior art is overcome; meanwhile, the polysaccharide is extracted by adopting a mode of combining enzymolysis with microwave assistance, the process conditions are controllable, and the polysaccharide extraction rate is high.
The following is a further description with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking fresh sparassis crispa, cleaning with clear water and draining;
(2) dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa by a spiral extrusion dehydrator to remove 80% of water in the fresh sparassis crispa;
(3) crushing the dehydrated Sparassis crispa into particles with a diameter of 10-20 mm;
(4) 50 g of crushed Sparassis crispa is taken, cellulase and pure water are added to obtain a mixed solution, a pH regulator is added to regulate the pH to 4.7, then microwave treatment is carried out, and the mass ratio of Sparassis crispa to pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 20, the cellulase accounts for 1.5 percent of the total weight of the mixed solution, the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHZ, the power is 400W, and the microwave treatment is carried out for 20min to obtain a crude polysaccharide extracting solution of the sparassis crispa;
(5) inactivating enzyme of the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/2 of the original volume, adding 4 times of 75% ethanol for precipitating, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 15min, and drying in 50 deg.C oven for 6h to obtain Sparassis crispa polysaccharide.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking fresh sparassis crispa, cleaning with clear water and draining;
(2) dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa by a spiral extrusion dehydrator to remove 75% of water in the fresh sparassis crispa;
(3) crushing the dehydrated Sparassis crispa into particles with a diameter of 10-20 mm;
(4) 50 g of crushed Sparassis crispa is taken, cellulase and pure water are added to obtain a mixed solution, a pH regulator is added to regulate the pH to 5.2, and then microwave treatment is carried out, wherein the mass ratio of Sparassis crispa to pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 30, cellulase accounts for 2.1 percent of the total weight of the mixed solution, the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHZ, the power is 500W, and the microwave treatment is carried out for 15min to obtain a crude polysaccharide extracting solution of the Sparassis crispa;
(5) inactivating enzyme of the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/2 of the original volume, adding 4 times of 75% ethanol for precipitating, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 15min, and drying in 50 deg.C oven for 6h to obtain Sparassis crispa polysaccharide.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 of the invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking fresh sparassis crispa, cleaning with clear water and draining;
(2) dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa by a spiral extrusion dehydrator to remove 81% of water in the fresh sparassis crispa;
(3) crushing the dehydrated Sparassis crispa into particles with a diameter of 10-20 mm;
(4) 50 g of crushed Sparassis crispa is taken, cellulase and pure water are added to obtain a mixed solution, a pH regulator is added to regulate the pH to 5.5, and then microwave treatment is carried out, wherein the mass ratio of Sparassis crispa to pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 40, cellulase accounts for 2.7 percent of the total weight of the mixed solution, the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHZ, the power is 600W, and the microwave treatment is carried out for 10min to obtain crude polysaccharide extracting solution of the sparassis crispa;
(5) inactivating enzyme of the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/2 of the original volume, adding 4 times of 75% ethanol for precipitating, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 15min, and drying in 50 deg.C oven for 6h to obtain Sparassis crispa polysaccharide.
Example 4
The embodiment 4 of the invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking fresh sparassis crispa, cleaning with clear water and draining;
(2) dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa by a spiral extrusion dehydrator to remove 85% of water in the fresh sparassis crispa;
(3) crushing the dehydrated Sparassis crispa into particles with a diameter of 10-20 mm;
(4) taking 50 g of crushed Sparassis crispa, adding cellulase and pure water to obtain a mixed solution, adding cyclohexane and a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 5.5, and then performing microwave treatment, wherein the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHZ, the power is 600W, and the microwave treatment is performed for 10min to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution; the mass ratio of the sparassis crispa to the pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 40, cellulase accounts for 2.7 percent of the total weight of the mixed solution, and cyclohexane is added in the mixed solution in a volume of 10 percent of the volume of the mixed solution;
(5) inactivating enzyme of the crude Sparassis crispa polysaccharide extract, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, concentrating under reduced pressure to 1/2 of the original volume, adding 4 times of 75% ethanol for precipitating, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 15min, and drying in 50 deg.C oven for 6h to obtain Sparassis crispa polysaccharide.
Example 5
Embodiment 5 of the present invention provides a process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which is different from embodiment 4 in that 15% hexane is added to a mixed solution in step (4), and other process conditions are the same.
Example 6
Embodiment 6 of the invention provides a process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which is different from embodiment 4 in that 20% of cyclohexane is added into a mixed solution in step (4), and other process conditions are the same.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a process for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method, which is different from the process in example 3 in that cellulase is not added in the step (4), pure water and a pH regulator are added, then microwave treatment is directly carried out, and other process conditions are the same.
Polysaccharide content in the Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide prepared in examples 1-6 and comparative example 1 of the present invention was determined by NY/T1676-.
As shown in table 1, the process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by using a microwave-assisted method in embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention can obtain a high polysaccharide extraction rate in a short time; examples 4 to 6 show that the addition of cyclohexane or hexane as an organic solvent protective agent to the mixed solution during the microwave treatment can improve the extraction rate of the polysaccharide in the Sparassis crispa compared with example 3; compared with the comparative example 1, the embodiment 3 shows that the mode of combining enzymolysis and microwave assistance has higher polysaccharide extraction rate than the single microwave mode.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments, and various modifications and variations are possible. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide by a microwave-assisted method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dehydrating fresh sparassis crispa in a physical extrusion mode;
crushing the dehydrated sparassis crispa;
adding cellulase and pure water into crushed Sparassis crispa to obtain a mixed solution, adding a pH regulator to adjust the pH to 4.5-5.5, and then performing microwave treatment to obtain a Sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide extracting solution;
the crude sparassis crispa polysaccharide extracting solution is subjected to enzyme deactivation, concentration, alcohol precipitation and drying to obtain sparassis crispa crude polysaccharide; further comprising the steps of: adding an organic solvent protective agent into the mixed solution during the microwave treatment, wherein the organic solvent protective agent accounts for 10-20% of the volume of the mixed solution;
the organic solvent protective agent is cyclohexane or hexane.
2. The microwave-assisted extraction process of Sparassis crispa polysaccharide according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of Sparassis crispa to pure water in the mixed solution is 1: 20-40% of cellulase, wherein the cellulase accounts for 1-3% of the total weight of the mixed solution.
3. The microwave-assisted extraction process of sparassis crispa polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave treatment frequency is 800MHz, the power is 400-600W, and the time is 10-20 min.
4. The microwave-assisted process for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide of claim 1, wherein the pH regulator is citric acid.
5. The microwave-assisted method for extracting Sparassis crispa polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein 70-85% of water in fresh Sparassis crispa can be removed by dehydration treatment.
6. The microwave-assisted extraction process of sparassis crispa polysaccharide according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and before the dehydration treatment, the fresh sparassis crispa is washed and drained.
7. The microwave-assisted method for extracting sparassis crispa polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the sparassis crispa after the grinding treatment is 10-20 mm.
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