CN110831315B - Beam collimation method for debugging beam of accelerator beam line - Google Patents
Beam collimation method for debugging beam of accelerator beam line Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2907—Angle determination; Directional detectors; Telescopes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
- H05H2007/046—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof for beam deflection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a beam collimation method for debugging beams by a beam line of an accelerator, wherein the beam line leads the beams out of the accelerator and transmits the beams to each application terminal through beam line transmission; the method comprises the following steps: aligning the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipe of the previous deflection magnet of the beam streamline to the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipe of the next deflection magnet of the beam streamline; energizing the previous deflection magnet and not energizing the next deflection magnet; measuring the beam collimation of the previous charged beam pipeline by using the beam collimation of the next non-charged beam vacuum pipeline so as to measure the beam offset condition; and adjusting the magnitude of the electrifying current of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet coil according to the beam offset condition. The invention combines the track characteristic of the beam when the beam is not electrified with the track characteristic of the beam when the beam is electrified, combines the two characteristics together, functionally supports the technical characteristics after combination, and obtains the new technical effect of measuring beam collimation when the beam is electrified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of accelerators, and particularly relates to a beam collimation method for adjusting beams of an accelerator beam line.
Background
The accelerator is a special electric, magnetic and high vacuum device which can make charged particles reach high energy by being controlled by magnetic field force and accelerated by electric field force in a high vacuum field, is modern equipment for artificially providing various high-energy particle beams or radiant rays, and is an important instrument in high-energy physics.
As shown in fig. 1, a beam line 3 is an important component of an accelerator 1, and a beam led out from the accelerator is transmitted to each experimental terminal through the beam line 3.
The deflection magnet 2 is an important element on a beam line, and in the acceleration process, the deflection magnet 2 gives a bending force to the particles when controlling the particle orbit, so that the particles move along a given central orbit; at the same time, a focusing force is given to the particles to prevent them from deviating from the central track, and they return to the central track without being lost.
The method for solving the problem that the beam deviates from the central track in the prior art is generally limited to ensure that the beam line deflection magnet 2 is accurate in position during installation, as shown in fig. 1, the beam line deflection magnet 2 is installed at each turning of a beam streamline 3, and the beam led out from an accelerator is turned at the deflection magnet through the beam streamline deflection magnet 2, so that the beam streamline is turned to reach a preset target. The method for ensuring the position accuracy of the beam line deflection magnet 2 during installation is shown in figure 2c, because the beam current cannot be subjected to magnetic field force when not powered on and the running track of the beam current is a straight line, based on the principle, a beam of laser is sent to 2-7-2 at the position of 2-7-1 during installation, the laser is shot on an organic glass plate 2-8, the collimation reference system is a wall target when the organic glass plate 2-8 is installed, and the wall target converts a world coordinate system to a building, specifically: and observing the position relation between the cross marks on the organic glass at the outlet and the cross marks on the wall target by using a total station and a level gauge, and finishing collimation after the two cross marks are overlapped. The positional deviation of the beam streamline deflection magnet 2 with respect to the world coordinate system can be known from the position of the laser on the plexiglas plate 2-8, and then the predetermined trajectory position of the deflection magnet with respect to the beam streamline 3 is corrected by adjusting the X, Y, Z three-directional knobs (2-8-1, 2-8-2, 2-8-3) of the deflection magnet base 2-8 as shown in fig. 2a, 2b 2-8.
The above prior art is limited to the adjustment of the overall physical position of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly during power-off installation, and does not adjust the beam current parameters of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly during power-on beam adjustment, but actually the beams are two tracks in the deflection magnet due to different received fields under the power-off and power-on conditions: when the beam is electrified, the turning force of the magnetic pole is applied to the beam, so that the trajectory of the beam is deflected and is deflected from 2-7-1 to 2-7-3. Because the deflection magnet assembly is generally not arranged on a beam line independently but more than 2 deflection magnets are arranged continuously, when the deflection magnet assembly is electrified, the outlet 2-7-3 of the previous deflection magnet is used as the inlet 2-7-1 of the next deflection magnet, and the two ports 2-7-1 and 2-7-3 are communicated, so that the electrical parameter when the beam is electrified is inconvenient to test, and the electrical parameter is the distance from the central line of the inlet 2-7-1 or the outlet 2-3 pipeline when the beam is electrified.
At present, no precedent exists for measuring the electrical parameters when the beam is electrified in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a beam collimation method for debugging beams of an accelerator beam line, aiming at solving the problem of inconvenient beam position calibration during power-on and filling up the domestic blank.
A beam collimation method for debugging beams of an accelerator beam line, wherein the beam line leads the beams out of the accelerator and transmits the beams to each application terminal through beam line transmission; more than 2 accelerator beam line deflection magnet assemblies which are continuously arranged at each turning position on a beam line are arranged, and the more than 2 accelerator beam line deflection magnet assemblies apply a turning force to the beam flowing through the turning positions to deflect beam tracks; the accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly comprises a beam line magnet of a sector, magnetic shielding plates, a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline, a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline, a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline and an adjustable support, wherein the magnetic shielding plates correspond to two straight side surfaces of a beam line magnet beam inlet and a beam line magnet beam outlet of the sector; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aligning a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of a previous deflection magnet of a beam streamline to a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of a next deflection magnet of the beam streamline;
step two, electrifying the previous deflection magnet and not electrifying the next deflection magnet;
measuring the beam collimation of the previous electrified beam pipeline by using the beam collimation of the next unpowered beam vacuum pipeline, thereby measuring the beam offset condition;
and step four, adjusting the size of the energizing current of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet coil according to the beam offset condition.
The specific process of the third step is as follows:
installing a fluorescent screen on the end face of the next beam vacuum pipeline without power supply;
the unpowered beam current vacuum pipeline is a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
the collimation reference system of the fluorescent screen is the central line of the vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
thirdly, the direction from the last electrified deflection magnet to the next unpowered deflection magnet is a linear direction, and the beam flows to the next unpowered vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline from the last electrified vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline and strikes the fluorescent screen of the next vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
and fourthly, measuring the beam deviation on a fluorescent screen of the collimation vacuum pipeline of the vacuum chamber, and using the deviation as the beam deviation of the vacuum pipeline at the outlet of the previous electrified beam vacuum chamber.
The specific process of the step four is as follows:
if the actual motion direction of the beam is opposite to the theoretical motion direction of the beam when the coil is not electrified, right-side deviation along the beam direction occurs, the electrified current of the coil is reduced, namely, a magnetic field generated by an accelerator beam line deflection magnet is reduced;
and secondly, if the actual motion direction of the beam is offset along the left side of the beam direction relative to the theoretical motion direction of the beam when the coil is not electrified, the electrified current of the coil is increased, namely, the magnetic field generated by the accelerator beam line deflection magnet is increased.
And the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of the previous deflection magnet in the step one is butted with the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of the next deflection magnet through flanges.
Advantageous effects of the invention
The invention combines the track characteristic of the beam when the beam is not electrified with the track characteristic of the beam when the beam is electrified, combines the two characteristics together, and measures the beam collimation of the last electrified beam pipeline by using the beam collimation of the next unpowered beam vacuum pipeline, thereby measuring the beam offset condition; the combined technical effect is superior to the sum of the effects of each technical characteristic, and has outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a beam line of an accelerator according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2a is a first perspective view of the deflection magnet of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2b is a second perspective view of the deflection magnet of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2c is a sectional plan view of the deflection magnet of the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a beam collimation method based on two deflection magnets according to this embodiment;
in the figure: 1-an accelerator; 2: an accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly; 3: a beam line; 2-1: a magnetic pole; 2-2: a hoisting ring; 2-3: target, 2-4: connecting piece, 2-5: yoke, 2-6: a coil, 2-7-1-vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipe, 2-7-2-vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipe, 2-7-3-vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipe, 2-8: adjustable support, 2-8-1: x-direction adjusting device, 2-8-2: y-direction adjusting device, 2-8-3: and in the Z-direction adjusting device, the beam theoretical movement direction is in the 3-coil energized state, and the beam theoretical movement direction is in the 4-coil non-energized state.
Detailed Description
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
1. the difference between the collimated object when installed powered down and when the beam is modulated powered up. The collimation object during power-off installation is a deflection magnet on a beam streamline, and the collimation object during power-on beam adjustment is a beam current in the deflection magnet;
2. the difference between the alignment reference when the installation is powered down and the alignment reference when the beam is modulated on. The collimation reference system is a world coordinate system during power-off installation, cross marks on organic glass at the end faces of the collimation pipelines and cross marks on the wall targets are overlapped, and collimation is finished after the two cross marks are overlapped. When the beam is adjusted by electrifying, the collimation reference system is that the center line of the collimation pipeline, the center of the fluorescent screen arranged on the end surface of the collimation pipeline and the center of the collimation pipeline coincide.
3. The difference between the number of deflection magnets required for collimation measurement when power is off and the number of deflection magnets required for collimation measurement when power is on for beam adjustment: the former only needs one deflection magnet, the latter needs two deflection magnets at the same time, and the former of the two deflection magnets must be measured under the power-on condition, and the latter must be measured under the power-off condition.
4. The invention skillfully uses the structure that the existing deflection magnet is provided with an inlet pipeline (a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline) and two outlet pipelines (a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline and a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline), the two outlet pipelines of one deflection magnet are respectively used on the two deflection magnets under the condition of not changing the structure, and the two deflection magnets are powered on or not powered on, wherein, the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline is used for a beam current channel when the power is on, the vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline is used for a beam current channel when the power is off, and the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of one deflection magnet and the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of the next deflection magnet are connected through a flange, so that after the last powered beam current flows out of the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline, the beam current turns to the next vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline without the powered deflection magnet, therefore, beam collimation of the previous electrified beam pipeline is measured by using beam collimation of the next unpowered beam vacuum pipeline.
Based on the principle of the invention, the invention designs a beam collimation method for debugging beams of an accelerator beam line.
A beam collimation method for debugging beams of an accelerator beam line is disclosed, as shown in figure 1, the beam line leads the beams out of an accelerator 1 and transmits the beams to each application terminal through a beam line 3; more than 2 accelerator beam line deflection magnet assemblies 2 which are continuously arranged are arranged at each turning position on a beam line, and the more than 2 accelerator beam line deflection magnet assemblies apply a turning force to the beams passing through the turning positions to deflect beam tracks; the accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly comprises a beam line magnet 2-0 of a sector, magnetic shielding plates 2-9 corresponding to two straight side surfaces of a beam line magnet beam inlet and a beam line magnet beam outlet of the sector, a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1 arranged on the same side of the beam line inlet magnetic shielding plate, a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-3 and a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 arranged on the same side of the beam line outlet magnetic shielding plate, and an adjustable support 2-8 arranged at the bottom of the beam line magnet assembly of the sector; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
as shown in figure 3 of the drawings,
aligning a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of a previous deflection magnet of a beam streamline to a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of a next deflection magnet of the beam streamline;
step two, electrifying the previous deflection magnet and not electrifying the next deflection magnet;
measuring the beam collimation of the previous electrified beam pipeline by using the beam collimation of the next unpowered beam vacuum pipeline, thereby measuring the beam offset condition;
and step four, adjusting the size of the energizing current of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet coil according to the beam offset condition.
The specific process of the third step is as follows:
installing fluorescent screens 2-8 on the end face of the next beam vacuum pipeline which is not electrified;
the unpowered beam current vacuum pipeline is a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
the collimation reference system of the fluorescent screen is the central line of the vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
thirdly, the direction from the last electrified deflection magnet to the next unpowered deflection magnet is a linear direction, and the beam flows to the next unpowered vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline from the last electrified vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline and strikes the fluorescent screen of the next vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
and fourthly, measuring the beam deviation on a fluorescent screen of the collimation vacuum pipeline of the vacuum chamber, and using the deviation as the beam deviation of the vacuum pipeline at the outlet of the previous electrified beam vacuum chamber.
The specific process of the step four is as follows:
if the actual motion direction of the beam is opposite to the theoretical motion direction of the beam when the coil is not electrified, right-side deviation along the beam direction occurs, the electrified current of the coil is reduced, namely, a magnetic field generated by an accelerator beam line deflection magnet is reduced;
and secondly, if the actual motion direction of the beam is offset along the left side of the beam direction relative to the theoretical motion direction of the beam when the coil is not electrified, the electrified current of the coil is increased, namely, the magnetic field generated by the accelerator beam line deflection magnet is increased.
And the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of the previous deflection magnet in the step one is butted with the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of the next deflection magnet through flanges.
Example one
As shown in fig. 2a, 2b and 2c, the accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly 2 mainly comprises an accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0, a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1, a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-3, a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2, an adjustable support 2-8 and the like.
As shown in fig. 2a, 2b and 2c, the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 mainly comprises a magnetic pole 2-1, a magnetic yoke 2-5, a coil 2-6, a connecting piece 2-4, a target 2-3 and a hanging ring 2-2. The magnetic pole 2-1 and the magnetic yoke 2-5 form a magnetic field when the coil 2-6 is electrified, so that the beams passing through the beam streamline of the accelerator are deflected according to the designed beam direction. The connecting piece 2-4 connects the upper and lower magnetic poles with the magnetic yoke 2-5, so that the accelerator beam streamline deflection magnet 2-0 is integrated. And the target 2-3 is arranged above the magnetic yoke 2-5 and used for fine adjustment and collimation of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0. The lifting ring 2-2 is arranged above the magnetic yoke 2-5, does not shield the position of the target 2-3, and is used for lifting the accelerator beam streamline deflection magnet 2-0 during rough adjustment and collimation.
The vacuum chamber is arranged at the position where the central plane beam of the accelerator beam linear deflection magnet 2-0 passes through, and a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1, a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-3 and a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 are welded on the vacuum chamber, so that vacuum sealing in the vacuum chamber of the accelerator beam linear deflection magnet 2-0 is ensured, and beam transmission in a vacuum environment is ensured. A vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1 is welded at a beam inlet of the vacuum chamber, beams enter the vacuum chamber of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 through the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1, and the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1 is connected with a vacuum pipeline of an accelerator element in the beam inlet direction in a vacuum sealing mode. A vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 is welded at the beam outlet of the vacuum chamber, the beam enters the vacuum pipeline of the accelerator element in the beam outlet direction through the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-3, and the vacuum pipeline 2-7-3 of the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline is connected with the vacuum pipeline of the accelerator element in the beam outlet direction in a vacuum sealing mode. The vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 is welded at the opposite direction of the vacuum chamber and the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1, when the accelerator beam streamline deflection magnet 2 is installed, the beam streamline deflection magnet is ensured to be accurate in position, and when the accelerator beam streamline is used for debugging beam, the beam in the beam streamline deflection magnet is ensured to be accurate in position. As shown in fig. 2c, when the coil 2-6 of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 is energized, the beam is transmitted along the theoretical beam motion direction 4 when the coil is energized, enters from the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipe 2-7-1 and exits from the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipe 2-7-3, when the coil 2-6 of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 is not energized, the beam is transmitted along the theoretical beam motion direction 4 when the coil is not energized, enters from the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipe 2-7-1 and exits from the vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipe 2-7-2.
As shown in fig. 2a and 2b, an adjustable bracket 2-8 is installed below an accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0, when a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 is used for collimating the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2, position adjustment is required according to the target 2-3 offset condition of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2, if the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 has an X-direction offset, the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2 is adjusted in the X direction by using an X-direction adjusting device 2-8-1, if the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 has a Y-direction offset, the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 is adjusted in the Y direction by using a Y-direction adjusting device 2-8-2, and if the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 has a Z-direction offset, the Z-direction adjustment is performed on the accelerator beam streamline deflection magnet 2-0 using the Z-direction adjustment device 43. When the vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 is used for collimating the beam passing through the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0, the size of the electrified current of the coil 2-0 of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 is adjusted according to the deviation condition of the actual motion direction of the beam passing through the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 relative to the theoretical motion direction 4 of the beam when the coil is not electrified, if the actual motion direction of the beam is deviated to the right side along the beam direction relative to the theoretical motion direction 4 of the beam when the coil is not electrified, the electrified current of the coil 2-6 is reduced, namely the magnetic field generated by the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 is reduced, if the actual motion direction of the beam is deviated to the left side along the beam direction relative to the theoretical motion direction 4 of the beam when the coil is not electrified, the energizing current of the coil 2-6 is increased, that is, the magnetic field generated by the accelerator beam line deflection magnet 2-0 is increased.
The magnetic pole 2-1 and the magnetic yoke 2-5 are made of electrician pure iron (DT4) or silicon steel sheets, the coil 2-6 is made of red copper, and the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-1, the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline 2-7-3 and the vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline 2-7-2 are made of stainless steel, antirust aluminum or ceramic.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A beam collimation method for debugging beams of an accelerator beam line, wherein the beam line leads the beams out of the accelerator and transmits the beams to each application terminal through beam line transmission; more than 2 accelerator beam line deflection magnet assemblies which are continuously arranged at each turning position on a beam line are arranged, and the more than 2 accelerator beam line deflection magnet assemblies apply a turning force to the beam flowing through the turning positions to deflect beam tracks; the accelerator beam line deflection magnet assembly comprises a beam line magnet of a sector, magnetic shielding plates, a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline, a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline, a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline and an adjustable support, wherein the magnetic shielding plates correspond to two straight side surfaces of a beam line magnet beam inlet and a beam line magnet beam outlet of the sector; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aligning a vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of a previous deflection magnet of a beam streamline to a vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of a next deflection magnet of the beam streamline;
step two, electrifying the previous deflection magnet and not electrifying the next deflection magnet;
measuring the beam collimation of the previous electrified beam pipeline by using the beam collimation of the next unpowered beam vacuum pipeline, thereby measuring the beam offset condition;
the specific process is as follows:
the unpowered beam current vacuum pipeline is a vacuum chamber collimation vacuum pipeline;
and step four, adjusting the size of the energizing current of the accelerator beam line deflection magnet coil according to the beam offset condition.
2. The beam collimation method for the debugging beam of the beam line of the accelerator as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of the step four is as follows:
3. The beam collimation method for the debugging beam of the beam line of the accelerator as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: and the vacuum chamber outlet vacuum pipeline of the previous deflection magnet in the step one is butted with the vacuum chamber inlet vacuum pipeline of the next deflection magnet through flanges.
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| US8405044B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2013-03-26 | Accuray Incorporated | Achromatically bending a beam of charged particles by about ninety degrees |
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