CN110829432A - Amplitude limiting method of APF - Google Patents
Amplitude limiting method of APF Download PDFInfo
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- CN110829432A CN110829432A CN201910975175.7A CN201910975175A CN110829432A CN 110829432 A CN110829432 A CN 110829432A CN 201910975175 A CN201910975175 A CN 201910975175A CN 110829432 A CN110829432 A CN 110829432A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C1/00—Amplitude modulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
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Abstract
An amplitude limiting method of APF includes the following steps: (1) carrying out amplitude limiting on the modulated wave; (2) detecting the peak value of a three-phase sinusoidal signal of a modulation wave; (3) designing a PI controller, and calculating an amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller; (4) the product of the modulation wave and the amplitude limiting coefficient is used as the modulation wave after amplitude limiting to drive the power electronic device, so that the APF outputs a current compensation waveform. The invention provides an amplitude limiting method of APF, which directly scales the modulation without generating top clipping and outputs pure sine wave; the reaction time is accelerated, and the dynamic effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an amplitude limiting method of an APF (active power filter), belonging to the field of power filtering.
Background
The traditional APF amplitude limiting method comprises a truncation method and a direct proportion method, and the two methods are introduced as follows:
(1) cutting method
The output current is limited by limiting the reference current, the principle of which is shown in fig. 1:
the method is simple, the control is carried out at the forefront end, and the response is fast. The disadvantage is that new harmonics are generated and the current constraints Irefa + Irefb + Irefc ≠ 0 are not taken into account.
(2) Direct ratio method
The direct proportion method amplitude limiting refers to that the parallel APF calculates each phase reference current value I according to load currentrefUnified multiply-proportional clippingBy a factor k and according to the modified reference current Iref' to compensate, as shown in fig. 2. Where k is equal to APF means clipping ImaxDivided by the reference current I of each phaserefThe maximum value of the effective value is limited to the range of 0 to 1.
The problems and disadvantages of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the truncation method will produce a clipping effect, the generated sine wave will be clipped, a distorted sine wave will be generated, because the output current is distorted, the APF cannot compensate the harmonics, and harmonics will also be generated.
(2) The direct proportion method is used for calculating an effective value, so that the lag is large and the dynamic effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the APF amplitude limiting method overcomes the defects of the prior art, directly scales the modulation, does not generate top clipping, and outputs pure sine waves; the reaction time is accelerated, and the dynamic effect is improved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an amplitude limiting method of APF includes the following steps:
(1) carrying out amplitude limiting on the modulated wave;
(2) detecting the peak value of a three-phase sinusoidal signal of a modulation wave;
(3) designing a PI controller, taking an amplitude limiting value as a given signal of the PI controller, taking a peak value of a modulation wave as feedback, and calculating an amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller;
(4) the product of the modulation wave and the amplitude limiting coefficient is used as the modulation wave after amplitude limiting to drive the power electronic device, so that the APF outputs a current compensation waveform.
In the step (1), the modulation wave is formed by superposing each harmonic current calculated by an APF internal harmonic compensation algorithm.
In the step (3), the mode of calculating the amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller is as follows: the proportional coefficient K1 output by the PI controller is the amplitude limiting coefficient.
In the step (3), the mode of calculating the amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller is as follows:
the peak value signal of the modulation wave is differentiated to obtain the change rate K2 of the peak value signal, and when K2 is used as a feedforward signal of the PI controller, the limiting coefficient K is K1 x ((1+ K2) × 0.5), wherein K1 is a proportional coefficient output by the PI controller.
After the APF is limited, the maximum effective value of the APF output is ensured by the following method:
(s1) for each harmonic current output by the APF, the proportionality coefficients are reduced from the highest NN to the lowest N1, namely the current proportionality coefficient of the NN harmonic current is reduced by b1 in the 1 st loop, the current proportionality coefficient of the N (N- (i-1)) harmonic current is reduced by b1 in the i-1 th loop, the effective value of the total harmonic current output by the APF is calculated in each loop, and i is 1,2 and … … N; when i is N, enter (s 2);
(s2) comparing back by back, recording a group of corresponding proportionality coefficients when the APF outputs the maximum effective value, judging whether the current proportionality coefficient of the NN subharmonic current is 0, if not, making i equal to 0, and returning to (s 1); otherwise, comparing the maximum effective value output by the APF in each cycle, finding out the maximum effective value output by the APF, and taking a group of corresponding proportionality coefficients as the optimal coefficients of each subharmonic current.
The initial value of the current proportionality coefficient of each harmonic wave output by the APF is 1.
b1 is 0.2.
And (3) amplitude limiting is carried out on the zero-sequence current output by the APF by adopting a specially designed zero-sequence current PI controller, and a given signal of the zero-sequence current PI controller is set during installation and debugging according to the specific situation on site.
In the step (3), the clipping value is 1.
In the step (2), the peak value of the three-phase sinusoidal signal of the modulation wave is detected by applying the clark and park transformations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention directly scales the modulation wave without top clipping like truncation amplitude limiting, and the APF outputs a pure sine wave without generating harmonic waves, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the APF.
(2) With the direct ratio method, when the load is increased, because the reaction is not in time, the runaway distortion of a cycle can be caused. The invention combines the PI control method and the method for rapidly detecting the maximum value, eliminates the overshoot transition process, has the dynamic process reaction time less than 10ms, greatly accelerates the reaction time and improves the dynamic effect.
(3) By applying the method of the invention, the slow start function of the APF can be realized only by gradually increasing the amplitude limit value from 0 to 1.
(4) Sometimes depending on the implementation, it may be necessary to turn off the compensation of certain higher harmonic currents. By applying the method of the invention, the compensation of the current can be turned off only by setting the amplitude limiting ratio value of the harmonic current to 0.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of truncation clipping;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a direct scaling clipping scheme;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rapid detection algorithm;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the implementation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention uses a PI controller to perform APF output clipping.
An APF is a power electronic device that compensates for cancellation of current harmonics in a power grid system. The capacity of an APF is determined in terms of current dimensions, such as 50A AFP, 150A APF, etc. When the load generates harmonics larger than the capacity of the APF, clipping is necessary to limit the compensation current to within the capacity of the APF.
The APF detects the harmonic waves of the load, calculates the modulation wave signals of the quasi-three-phase alternating voltage by using a harmonic compensation algorithm, sends the modulation wave signals to the PWM module of the DSP for wave sending, drives the three-phase six-circuit IGBT to output three-phase voltage waves, the modulation waves are also the quasi-three-phase voltage, the output capacity of the APF, namely the peak value of the modulation waves, cannot exceed 1, and unexpected harmonic waves can be output when the peak value exceeds 1.
The algorithm of PI controller is to receive the peak value of the modulated wave in real time and set a proportion
When the peak value exceeds the threshold value, k' is reduced, and the method is equivalent toWhen the reference current is reduced, the reference current is adjusted back; when the peak value is smaller than the threshold value, k' is adjusted to 1, and the maximum value does not exceed 1.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
(1) and amplitude limiting is carried out on the modulation wave output by the APF harmonic compensation algorithm, and the modulation wave output by the APF harmonic compensation algorithm is formed by superposing the modulation waves output by the APF. The modulation wave is a source of APF output capacity, amplitude limiting control is carried out at the source more quickly and effectively, and space for secondary amplitude limiting and protection is reserved for the later time.
(2) The peak values of the three-phase sinusoidal signals of the modulated wave are detected using the clark and park transforms. The click and park transformations are the most real-time and each sample point can update data. The detection process is shown in fig. 3.
(3) Designing a PI controller, using a limiting value (set to be 1) as a given signal of the PI controller, using a peak value of a modulation wave as feedback, and calculating a limiting coefficient by using the PI controller.
There are two ways to calculate the clipping coefficient using the PI controller:
1) the proportional coefficient K1 output by the PI controller is the amplitude limiting coefficient.
2) When the peak signal of the modulated wave is differentiated to obtain the change rate K2 of the peak signal, the clipping coefficient K is K1 × ((1+ K2) × 0.5), where K1 is the proportional coefficient output by the PI controller.
The implementation of the invention is shown in fig. 4.
The mode 2) can increase or decrease the control amount according to the change rate of the peak signal, improve the rapidity, and prevent overshoot.
(4) The product of the modulation wave and the amplitude limiting coefficient is used as the amplitude-limited modulation wave to drive the power electronic device, so that the APF outputs a current compensation waveform, and the modulation wave is limited to a given value.
Clipping is equivalent to reducing the output capability of the APF, ideally to the maximum effective value output capability. The invention readjusts the current proportionality coefficient of each harmonic wave to obtain different combinations, and the current proportionality coefficient reaches the output limit of APF in two aspects, one is the current amplitude and the other is the effective value, and the amplitude reaches the amplitude limiting point in many times, but the effective value does not reach yet, at this time, only some higher harmonic waves can be limited to reach the maximum compensation capability. The fractional compensation is carried out, each current has an amplitude limiting proportion value, the amplitude limiting coefficient of the current is gradually reduced from high order to low order during work, historical effective values are compared, and the maximum effective value of APF output is achieved by a gradual comparison method.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
(s1) for each harmonic current output by the APF, the proportionality coefficients are reduced from the highest NN to the lowest N1, namely the current proportionality coefficient of the NN harmonic current is reduced by b1 in the 1 st loop, the current proportionality coefficient of the N (N- (i-1)) harmonic current is reduced by b1 in the i-1 th loop, the effective value of the total harmonic current output by the APF is calculated in each loop, and i is 1,2 and … … N; when i is N, enter (s 2);
(s2) comparing back by back, recording a group of corresponding proportionality coefficients when the APF outputs the maximum effective value, judging whether the current proportionality coefficient of the NN subharmonic current is 0, if not, making i equal to 0, and returning to (s 1); otherwise, comparing the maximum effective value output by the APF in each cycle, finding out the maximum effective value output by the APF, and taking a group of corresponding proportionality coefficients as the optimal coefficients of each subharmonic current.
The initial value of the current proportionality coefficient of each harmonic wave output by the APF is 1.
b1 is 0.2.
The zero sequence current (3 times, 9 times, 15 times and the like) output by the APF is the current passing through the zero line, the amplitude limiting is carried out on the zero sequence current output by the APF by adopting a specially designed zero sequence current PI controller, and a given signal (not 1) of the zero sequence current PI controller is set during installation and debugging according to the specific situation on site so as to achieve the maximum output capacity.
The invention directly scales the modulation wave without top clipping like truncation amplitude limiting, and the APF outputs a pure sine wave without generating harmonic waves, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the APF.
The invention combines the PI control method and the method for rapidly detecting the maximum value, eliminates the overshoot transition process, has the dynamic process reaction time less than 10ms, greatly accelerates the reaction time and improves the dynamic effect.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (10)
1. An amplitude limiting method of an APF (amplitude-limiting filter), which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out amplitude limiting on the modulated wave;
(2) detecting the peak value of a three-phase sinusoidal signal of a modulation wave;
(3) designing a PI controller, taking an amplitude limiting value as a given signal of the PI controller, taking a peak value of a modulation wave as feedback, and calculating an amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller;
(4) the product of the modulation wave and the amplitude limiting coefficient is used as the modulation wave after amplitude limiting to drive the power electronic device, so that the APF outputs a current compensation waveform.
2. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the modulation wave is formed by superposing each harmonic current calculated by an APF internal harmonic compensation algorithm.
3. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the mode of calculating the amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller is as follows: the proportional coefficient K1 output by the PI controller is the amplitude limiting coefficient.
4. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the mode of calculating the amplitude limiting coefficient by using the PI controller is as follows:
the peak value signal of the modulation wave is differentiated to obtain the change rate K2 of the peak value signal, and when K2 is used as a feedforward signal of the PI controller, the limiting coefficient K is K1 x ((1+ K2) × 0.5), wherein K1 is a proportional coefficient output by the PI controller.
5. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: after the APF is limited, the maximum effective value of the APF output is ensured by the following method:
(s1) for each harmonic current output by the APF, the proportionality coefficients are reduced from the highest NN to the lowest N1, namely the current proportionality coefficient of the NN harmonic current is reduced by b1 in the 1 st loop, the current proportionality coefficient of the N (N- (i-1)) harmonic current is reduced by b1 in the i-1 th loop, the effective value of the total harmonic current output by the APF is calculated in each loop, and i is 1,2 and … … N; when i is N, enter (s 2);
(s2) comparing back by back, recording a group of corresponding proportionality coefficients when the APF outputs the maximum effective value, judging whether the current proportionality coefficient of the NN subharmonic current is 0, if not, making i equal to 0, and returning to (s 1); otherwise, comparing the maximum effective value output by the APF in each cycle, finding out the maximum effective value output by the APF, and taking a group of corresponding proportionality coefficients as the optimal coefficients of each subharmonic current.
6. The amplitude limiting method of the APF according to claim 5, wherein: the initial value of the current proportionality coefficient of each harmonic wave output by the APF is 1.
7. The amplitude limiting method of the APF according to claim 5, wherein: b1 is 0.2.
8. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) amplitude limiting is carried out on the zero-sequence current output by the APF by adopting a specially designed zero-sequence current PI controller, and a given signal of the zero-sequence current PI controller is set during installation and debugging according to the specific situation on site.
9. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the clipping value is 1.
10. The method for clipping an APF according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the peak value of the three-phase sinusoidal signal of the modulation wave is detected by applying the clark and park transformations.
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Cited By (2)
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