CN110828887A - Method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and obtained lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material - Google Patents

Method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and obtained lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material Download PDF

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CN110828887A
CN110828887A CN201911120418.5A CN201911120418A CN110828887A CN 110828887 A CN110828887 A CN 110828887A CN 201911120418 A CN201911120418 A CN 201911120418A CN 110828887 A CN110828887 A CN 110828887A
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iron phosphate
lithium iron
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lithium
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不公告发明人
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Wuhan Ruijite Material Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1397Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention belongs to a comprehensive utilization technology for recovering, repairing and regenerating a waste lithium ion battery anode material, and particularly relates to a method for recovering and regenerating a waste lithium iron phosphate anode material and an obtained lithium iron phosphate anode material. The method comprises the following steps: 1) separating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece, and removing the aluminum current collector to obtain a powdery lithium iron phosphate positive pole recycled material; 2) adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source, or adding a reducing agent, adding a binder used for swelling the lithium iron phosphate anode recovery material, dissolving or dispersing an organic solvent of the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and the reducing agent, uniformly mixing the materials, and drying to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor; 3) correspondingly, sintering in a reducing or inert gas atmosphere to obtain the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate cathode material. The invention combines physical and mechanochemical methods for recycling and regenerating, and realizes the recycling of the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material.

Description

Method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and obtained lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a comprehensive utilization technology for recovering, repairing and regenerating a waste lithium ion battery anode material, and particularly relates to a method for recovering and regenerating a waste lithium iron phosphate anode material and an obtained lithium iron phosphate anode material.
Background
With the rise of new energy industry, the lithium ion battery industry develops rapidly. With the increase of the service life, the scrapped batteries also reach a terrorist amount, and cause serious environmental consequences if the scrapped batteries are not handled properly. In the scrapped batteries, the lithium iron phosphate anode material accounts for a large part, and the scrapped amount is large. Therefore, the recovery and regeneration technology of lithium iron phosphate has great significance.
At present, researchers at home and abroad have more researches on the pretreatment and recovery of lithium iron phosphate batteries, but the main recovery modes include the following two modes:
1. the lithium iron phosphate separated from the pole piece is directly mixed with new lithium iron phosphate for use, and the method is simple, but the overall performance of the material is reduced;
2. various metal elements are recovered by a hydrometallurgy mode, and although the process has simple path and low requirement on equipment, the process has limited economic benefit and is difficult to popularize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for recycling a waste lithium iron phosphate anode material and the obtained lithium iron phosphate anode material. The recycling and regenerating method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost, safety and reliability, the recycled and obtained regenerated material is used for making electricity deduction, the gram capacity is more than 150mAh/g, the first effect is about 96%, and the standard of the lithium iron industry is reached.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate anode materials comprises the following steps:
1) separating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece, and removing the aluminum current collector to obtain a powdery lithium iron phosphate positive pole recycled material;
2) adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1), or adding a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source and a reducing agent into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a binder for swelling the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material, and dissolving or dispersing a solvent of the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and the reducing agent, uniformly mixing the materials, and drying to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor;
3) adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1) in the step 2), and sintering the lithium iron phosphate precursor obtained in the step 2) in a reducing gas atmosphere, or adding the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and a reducing agent into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1) in the step 2), and sintering in an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate cathode material.
In the prior art, a technical scheme of separating lithium iron phosphate from a binder and then supplementing lithium to the lithium iron phosphate is generally adopted to recover a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, and the method is a two-step method.
The invention adopts different technical concepts, in particular to a technical scheme of firstly supplementing lithium and then calcining, and the reaction of supplementing lithium and the removal of a binder are simultaneously realized in the calcining process.
In the technical scheme, the binder for swelling the lithium iron phosphate anode recovery material is added, and the solvent for dissolving or dispersing the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and the reducing agent is added, so that the lithium supplement material can penetrate into the periphery of the lithium iron phosphate anode recovery material through swelling the binder, and the lithium supplement reaction is balanced through dissolving or dispersing uniformly supplemented lithium salt and iron-phosphorus elements.
In the technical scheme, the PVDF binder is not specially removed in the whole repairing process, and compared with a two-step method in the prior art, the one-step method which is easier for industrial production is realized. Meanwhile, in the sintering repair process, PVDF can also be used as a reduction protective agent to protect the lithium iron phosphate anode.
Specifically, the solvent is alcohol.
Based on the technical scheme, the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and the reducing agent can be dissolved or dispersed.
Further, in the step 2), the solvent is an organic solvent with a boiling point lower than 100 ℃ so as to be dried and volatilized.
Specifically, the solvent is methanol or ethanol or other common low-boiling organic solvents.
In the technical scheme, methanol, ethanol or other low-boiling-point non-toxic organic solvents are adopted, so that the solvents are volatilized more quickly in the drying process after wet mixing, and meanwhile, the agglomeration of particles can be reduced.
Specifically, in the step 2), after lithium salt, iron source and phosphorus source are added, Li: fe: the molar ratio of P is 1.01-1.10: 0.95-0.99: 1.
Specifically, the addition amount of the reducing agent is 0.5% -1% of the total weight of the lithium iron phosphate cathode recovery material, the lithium source, the iron source and the phosphorus source, and correspondingly, sintering is performed in the inert gas atmosphere in the step 3).
Specifically, the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1) can be subjected to ICP detection to obtain the content of each component of the material, and then lithium salt, an iron source, a phosphorus source and a reducing agent are added according to needs.
Specifically, in the step 2), the lithium salt is selected from LiOH and Li2CO3、LiNO3Or LiCoOOCH3Any one or more of them mixed.
Specifically, in the step 2), the iron source is selected from any one or a mixture of more of nano ferrous oxalate, nano ferric oxide, ferric phosphate and ferrous sulfate.
Specifically, in the step 2), the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron phosphate and phosphoric acid.
In the step 2), the reducing agent is selected from one or more of sucrose, glucose, cellulose, starch and the like.
Specifically, in the step 3), the reducing gas is selected from H2CO, acetylene, methane or ethane, and the inert gas is N2Or Ar.
Based on the technical scheme, the lithium supplement reaction can be realized.
The reaction that takes place may be:
LixFePO4+ LiOH + reducing agent → LiFePO-4+H2O x<1
2FePO4+2LiOH + reducing agent → 2LiFePO4+2H2O
Fe2O3+H3PO4+2LiOH + reducing agent → 2LiFePO4+2H2O
Specifically, in the step 3), the sintering temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-10 h.
Based on the technical scheme, the reaction of lithium supplement can be realized, and the binder can be completely carbonized to be removed.
Specifically, in the step 1), the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece is an invalid pole piece or a leftover material.
Specifically, in the step 1), the recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode pieces are crushed, put into a shredder for crushing, then sequentially subjected to primary separation through a classifier and a cyclone separator, and then subjected to vibration screening through an ultrasonic vibration screen, and aluminum is separated off, so that the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode recycled material is obtained.
Based on the technical scheme, the method adopts a method of mechanically crushing and separating the mixed materials with the solvent, ensures effective separation of the materials and the current collector by mechanical crushing, and can obtain high-purity powder. Mechanical separation is adopted in the pole piece separation process, so that any toxic gas or solution cannot be generated, and the original structure of the material cannot be damaged.
Specifically, the crushing frequency of the shredder is 20-100 Hz; the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration sieve is 30-80 Hz, and the mesh number of the ultrasonic vibration sieve is 200-1000 meshes.
Based on the technical scheme, the separation of the lithium iron phosphate and the aluminum can be realized based on different densities.
Specifically, in the step 2), the drying equipment is selected from a cooling recovery device, for example, an LPG50 spray drying recovery machine, and the drying temperature is 80-120 ℃.
The invention also provides the lithium iron phosphate anode material obtained by repairing and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material according to the recovery and regeneration method of the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material provided by the invention.
Based on the technical scheme, the capacity of the regenerated material can reach more than 150mAh/g, and the material is sieved, for example, a 300-mesh sieve, and then the regenerated material can be directly used for assembling and electricity deduction.
And carrying out charge and discharge tests on the buckled electricity obtained by assembly, wherein the test voltage is 4.0-2.5V.
The invention combines physical and mechanochemical methods for recycling and regenerating, and realizes the recycling of the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material. Mechanical separation and screening and swelling of organic solvent to the polymer adhesive are utilized, and the materials are fully mixed and sintered under the action of the solvent and external force.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages in general:
1) mechanical separation is adopted in the pole piece separation process, so that any toxic gas or solution cannot be generated, and the original structure of the material cannot be damaged.
2) The invention does not use any strong acid, strong alkali, toxic and harmful chemical reagents and the like in the whole process, and is a green and environment-friendly regeneration process.
3) Ethanol or methanol is used as a mixing medium, so that the high-molecular binder can be swelled, the supplemented precursor can be dissolved, and the materials can be in full contact reaction without uneven mixing.
4) The binder PVDF is not separately and purposely removed in the whole process, and meanwhile, the PVDF can also be used as a reduction protective agent in the sintering repair process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode recycled material.
Fig. 2 is an XRD detection chart of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material 1 repaired and regenerated in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a charge/discharge curve diagram of the repair/regeneration lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material 1 in example 1, which is assembled with charging.
Fig. 4 is a charge/discharge curve diagram of the charging of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material 2 subjected to repair regeneration in example 2.
Fig. 5 is a charge/discharge curve diagram of the charging of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material 3 recovered and regenerated in example 3.
Fig. 6 is a charge and discharge curve diagram of the assembly charging of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material in comparative example 1.
Fig. 7 is a system diagram of a mechanical separation system of an aluminum current collector and a positive electrode material.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The recycling and regeneration of the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces which are used as leftover materials, putting the crushed waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces into a shredder for smashing, performing primary separation sequentially through a grader and a cyclone separator, performing vibration screening through an ultrasonic vibration screen, and separating out aluminum to obtain a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode recovered material;
2) performing ICP detection on the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a solvent for mixing, then performing ball milling, uniformly mixing the materials, and drying to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor;
3) sintering the lithium iron phosphate precursor obtained in the step 2) in a gas atmosphere to obtain the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate cathode material 1.
In the step 2), Li after lithium salt, iron source and phosphorus source are added: fe: the molar ratio of P is 1.06: 0.99: 1.
in the step 2), the lithium salt is LiOH, the iron source is nano ferrous oxalate, and the phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
In the step 2), the solvent is ethanol, and the solid-liquid weight ratio is 3: 2.
in the step 3), the gas atmosphere is a reducing gas atmosphere containing 5 vt% of H2Ar of (1).
In the step 3), the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
Performing electron microscope scanning on the waste lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material, as shown in fig. 1, an SEM image shows: the morphology of the material is spherical-like, no obvious aggregate exists, and some larger particles are also existed, which is probably the result of growing and enlarging some crystal particles in the process of re-sintering, thus being beneficial to improving the compaction density of the material.
XRD detection is performed on the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate cathode material 1, and the result is shown in fig. 2: compared with a jade standard card PDF- #83-2092, the diffraction peak is consistent with the standard card, which proves that the lithium iron phosphate anode material is good in repair.
And (3) assembling and fastening electricity by using the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate anode material 1, and performing charge and discharge tests:
the test is shown in figure 3, which is a charge-discharge curve of the repaired material under the conditions of 4.0-2.5V and 0.1C. As can be seen from the figure, the gram discharge capacity is 151.5mAh/g, the first effect is 95.9 percent, the industrial standard is reached, and the material achieves a good repairing effect.
Example 2
The recycling and regeneration of the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces as failure pole pieces, crushing the recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces, putting the crushed waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces into a shredder for crushing, performing primary separation through a grader and a cyclone separator in sequence, performing vibration screening through an ultrasonic vibration screen, and separating out aluminum to obtain a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode recovered material;
2) performing ICP detection on the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source and a reducing agent into the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a solvent for mixing, then performing ball milling, uniformly mixing the materials, and drying to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor;
3) sintering the lithium iron phosphate precursor obtained in the step 2) in a gas atmosphere to obtain the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate anode material.
In the step 2), Li after lithium salt, iron source and phosphorus source are added: fe: the molar ratio of P is 1.04: 0.95: 1, and simultaneously supplementing 1 percent of glucose by weight as a reducing agent.
In the step 2), the lithium salt is Li2CO3The iron source and the phosphorus source are iron phosphate.
In the step 2), the solvent is methanol, and the solid-liquid weight ratio is 3: 2.
in step 3), the atmosphere is inert gas N2
In the step 3), the sintering temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
And (3) assembling and fastening electricity by using the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate anode material, and performing charge and discharge tests:
the test is shown in figure 4, which is a charge-discharge curve of the repaired material under the conditions of 4.0-2.5V and 0.1C. As can be seen from the figure, the gram discharge capacity is 152.1mAh/g, the first effect is 96.9 percent, the industrial standard is reached, and the material achieves a good repairing effect.
Example 3
The recycling and regeneration of the waste lithium iron phosphate anode material comprises the following steps:
1) the method comprises the following steps of (1) crushing recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces as failure pole pieces, crushing the recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces, putting the crushed waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces into a shredder for crushing, performing primary separation through a grader and a cyclone separator in sequence, performing vibration screening through an ultrasonic vibration screen, and separating out aluminum to obtain a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode recovered material;
2) performing ICP detection on the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the lithium iron phosphate anode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a solvent for mixing, then performing ball milling, uniformly mixing the materials, and drying to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor;
3) sintering the lithium iron phosphate precursor obtained in the step 2) in a gas atmosphere to obtain the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate anode material.
In the step 2), Li after lithium salt, iron source and phosphorus source are added: fe: the molar ratio of P is 1.05: 0.97: 1.
in the step 2), the lithium salt is LiNO3The iron source is nano ferric oxide, and the phosphorus source is selectedPhosphoric acid.
In the step 2), the solvent is methanol, and the solid-liquid weight ratio is 3: 2.
in the step 3), the gas atmosphere is reducing gas containing 5vt percent of H2Ar of (1).
In the step 3), the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
And (3) assembling and fastening electricity by using the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate anode material, and performing charge and discharge tests:
the test is shown in figure 5, which is a charge-discharge curve of the repaired material under the conditions of 4.0-2.5V and 0.1C. As can be seen from the figure, the gram discharge capacity is 151.9mAh/g, the first effect is 96.6 percent, the industrial standard is reached, and the material achieves a good repairing effect.
Comparative example 1
For example, the repair is performed by the procedure of example 1, after adding the lithium source, the iron source and the phosphorus source, the solvent is changed into deionized water with the same proportion, and after mixing, stirring and drying, the solvent is changed to contain 5 vt% of H2The Ar is used as reducing atmosphere to sinter the material, the sintering temperature is 650 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours. Testing the electricity-fastening performance of the finally obtained lithium iron phosphate;
from the tested charge-discharge curves, as can be seen from fig. 6, the organic solvent ethanol solvent is replaced by water, and the charge-discharge capacity of the material obtained under the same conditions is lower than that of the material obtained by using ethanol as the solvent, the gram-charge capacity is 150mAh/g, the discharge capacity is only 144mAh/g, and the effect of using water as the solvent in the lithium supplement process is obviously poorer than that of using ethanol.
The mechanical separation of the aluminum current collector from the positive electrode material can adopt a technical solution provided by the following contents, as shown in fig. 7, which is a system diagram of a mechanical separation system of the aluminum current collector from the positive electrode material:
1. discharging the recovered lithium ion battery, removing electrolyte, and crushing the anode of the lithium ion battery to 10-30um by a crusher;
2. the method comprises the following steps of introducing crushed materials into an airflow separator for separation, feeding heavy materials obtained after separation into a first vibrating screen from a heavy material outlet for screening, and feeding light materials obtained after separation into a cyclone separator from a light material outlet, wherein the first vibrating screen is provided with two layers of screens, the aperture of the heavy materials is 50 meshes and 325 meshes from top to bottom, the 50 meshes of the screen are mainly aluminum foil particles, the 325 meshes of the screen are materials with the particle size of 50-325 meshes and are separated anode materials, and the undersize of the last layer is materials with the particle size of less than 325 meshes and are separated anode materials;
3. the sorted materials are further sorted by a cyclone separator, the heavy materials obtained after sorting are sent into a second vibrating screen from a heavy material outlet to be screened, the light materials obtained after sorting are sent into a pulse dust collector from a light material outlet to be dedusted, wherein the second vibrating screen is provided with three layers of screens, the aperture of the third vibrating screen is 50 meshes, 100 meshes and 325 meshes from top to bottom, the 50 meshes are mainly aluminum foil particles and other mixed impurities, the 100 meshes are materials with the particle size of 50-100 meshes, the materials are separated anode materials, the 325 meshes are materials with the particle size of 100-325 meshes, the materials are separated anode materials, and the materials with the particle size of less than 325 meshes are sieved below the last layer;
4. combining oversize materials of the first vibrating screen and oversize materials of the second vibrating screen to obtain aluminum foil particles and other impurity materials; and combining undersize of the first vibrating screen and undersize of the first vibrating screen to obtain the available positive electrode material.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate anode materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) separating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece, and removing the aluminum current collector to obtain a powdery lithium iron phosphate positive pole recycled material;
2) adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1), or adding a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source and a reducing agent into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1), adding a binder for swelling the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material, and dissolving or dispersing a solvent of the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and the reducing agent, uniformly mixing the materials, and drying to obtain a lithium iron phosphate precursor;
3) adding a lithium source, an iron source and a phosphorus source into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1) in the step 2), and sintering the lithium iron phosphate precursor obtained in the step 2) in a reducing gas atmosphere, or adding the lithium source, the iron source, the phosphorus source and a reducing agent into the lithium iron phosphate cathode recycled material obtained in the step 1) in the step 2), and sintering in an inert gas atmosphere to obtain the repaired and regenerated lithium iron phosphate cathode material.
2. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, comprises the following steps: in the step 2), the solvent is alcohol.
3. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 2, comprises the following steps: in the step 2), the solvent is an organic solvent with a boiling point lower than 100 ℃.
4. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in the step 2), Li after lithium salt, iron source and phosphorus source are added: fe: the molar ratio of P is 1.01-1.10: 0.95-0.99: 1;
the addition amount of the reducing agent is 0.5% -1% of the total weight of the lithium iron phosphate anode recovery material, the lithium source, the iron source and the phosphorus source, and correspondingly, sintering is carried out in the step 3) in an inert gas atmosphere.
5. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in step 2), the lithium salt is selected from LiOH and Li2CO3、LiNO3Or LiCoOOCH3A mixture of any one or more of;
in the step 2), the iron source is selected from any one or more of nano ferrous oxalate, nano ferric oxide, ferric phosphate or ferrous sulfate;
in the step 2), the phosphorus source is selected from one or more of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, iron phosphate and phosphoric acid;
in the step 2), the reducing agent is selected from one or more of sucrose, glucose, cellulose and starch;
in step 3), the reducing gas is selected from H2CO, acetylene, methane or ethane; the inert gas is N2Or Ar.
6. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the sintering temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-10 h.
7. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole piece is an invalid pole piece or a leftover material.
8. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), crushing the recovered waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces, putting the crushed waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces into a shredder for crushing, primarily separating the crushed waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces sequentially through a grader and a cyclone separator, and then screening the crushed waste lithium iron phosphate positive pole pieces by vibration of an ultrasonic vibration screen to separate aluminum, thereby obtaining the lithium iron phosphate positive pole recovered material.
9. The method for recycling and regenerating the waste lithium iron phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the crushing frequency of the shredder is 20-100 Hz; the frequency of the ultrasonic vibration sieve is 30-80 Hz, and the mesh number of the ultrasonic vibration sieve is 200-1000 meshes.
10. The lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material obtained by the recovery and regeneration method of the old lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN201911120418.5A 2019-11-15 2019-11-15 Method for recycling waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and obtained lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material Pending CN110828887A (en)

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