CN110824464A - Microwave sensor and intelligent detection device - Google Patents

Microwave sensor and intelligent detection device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110824464A
CN110824464A CN201911033819.7A CN201911033819A CN110824464A CN 110824464 A CN110824464 A CN 110824464A CN 201911033819 A CN201911033819 A CN 201911033819A CN 110824464 A CN110824464 A CN 110824464A
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signal
antenna
mixer
microwave sensor
unit
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张腾
赵杰
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Shenzhen Haina Microsensor Technology Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/14—Balanced arrangements

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave sensor, which comprises a signal generating unit, a signal distributing unit connected with the signal generating unit, a signal transmitting unit and a signal processing unit connected with the signal distributing unit, and a signal receiving unit, wherein the signal transmitting unit is connected with the signal transmitting unit; wherein the signal receiving unit is connected to the signal processing unit; the signal generating unit comprises an oscillator; the signal distribution unit comprises a power distributor; the signal transmitting unit comprises a transmitting antenna; the signal processing unit comprises a mixer; the signal receiving unit comprises a receiving antenna; the receiving antenna and the sending antenna are separately designed slot antennas, and the length of a slot of each slot antenna is lambda/2; the frequency mixer comprises a local oscillation signal input end, a receiving antenna signal input end, an intermediate frequency signal output end, a first frequency mixing tube and a second frequency mixing tube. The microwave sensor has small size, low cost and high performance.

Description

Microwave sensor and intelligent detection device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a high-performance and low-cost microwave sensor and a detection device.
Background
A microwave sensor is a device or apparatus that uses the properties of microwaves to detect certain physical quantities. The transmitting antenna emits microwave, which is absorbed or reflected to change the power of the microwave when it encounters the object to be measured. If the receiving antenna is used, the microwave which passes through the object to be detected or is reflected by the object to be detected is received, the difference frequency between the transmitted wave and the reflected wave is converted into an electric signal, and the electric signal is processed by the signal conditioning circuit, so that the measured object can be displayed, the existence of a moving person or an object can be detected, and the microwave detection is realized.
Different from a common infrared detector, the microwave sensor detects the motion state of an object by detecting microwaves reflected by the object, a detection object is not limited to a human body and other objects, the microwave sensor is not influenced by the ambient temperature, has long detection distance and high sensitivity, and is widely applied to industrial, traffic and civil devices, such as intelligent placement, vehicle speed measurement, automatic doors, induction lamps, reversing radars and the like.
When the existing microwave sensor is applied to a detector in the field of lamp control, the comprehensive consideration of cost, radio open frequency and sensor size is considered, and the existing microwave sensor is mainly 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz at present, but due to wide introduction of WiFi in real life, the actual using environment of the detector is always filled with 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz signals, so that frequency conflict easily exists, and due to the frequency conflict, the precision of the detector is often greatly interfered, a large number of false alarms are caused, and great trouble is brought to users.
In order to avoid 2.4GHz or 5.8GHz wave bands, sensors with partial X wave bands are available, but due to the defects of design, a single-antenna structure and a single-tube structure mixer are generally adopted, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor is poor, the detection distance is less than 5 meters, the cost is high, the size is large, and the actual application requirements are difficult to meet.
Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is necessary to develop and research a microwave sensor with a small size, low cost, high performance and a long detection distance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a microwave sensor which is small in size, low in cost, high in performance and long in detection distance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is realized as follows:
a microwave sensor comprises a signal generating unit, a signal distributing unit connected with the signal generating unit, a signal transmitting unit and a signal processing unit connected with the signal distributing unit, and a signal receiving unit; wherein the signal receiving unit is connected to the signal processing unit; the signal generating unit comprises an oscillator; the signal distribution unit comprises a power distributor; the signal transmitting unit comprises a transmitting antenna; the signal processing unit comprises a mixer; the signal receiving unit comprises a receiving antenna; the receiving antenna and the sending antenna are separately designed slot antennas, and the length of a slot of each slot antenna is lambda/2; the frequency mixer comprises a local oscillation signal input end, a receiving antenna signal input end, an intermediate frequency signal output end, a first frequency mixing tube and a second frequency mixing tube.
Optionally, the power divider includes a local oscillator signal input arm, a transmitting antenna output arm, and a mixer signal input arm; by adjusting the length and width of the local oscillator signal input arm, the transmitting antenna output arm and the mixer signal input arm, any power distribution between the transmitting antenna and the mixer can be realized.
Optionally, the phases of the signals received by the first and second mixer pipes at the receiving antenna end are different by 180 °, and the phases of the local oscillator signals are the same.
Optionally, the intermediate frequency noise output by the first and second mixing tubes is:
i1n(t)＝g1(t)Vncos[(ωnt-π)-(ωLt-π)]＝g1Vncosω0nt
i2n(t)＝g2(t)vncos(ωn-ωL)t＝g1Vncosω0nt
wherein, g1(t)、g2(t)The first and second mixer transconductors are the mixer transconductors of the first and second mixer transistors, respectively.
Optionally, the circuit board of the microwave sensor adopts a double-layer PCB structure, wherein the oscillator circuit is disposed at one end of the circuit board, the power divider and the mixer circuit are disposed at the middle position of the circuit board, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are slot antennas, which are respectively disposed at two sides to form a double-slot antenna structure.
Optionally, the circuit board integrated with the oscillator, the power divider, the mixer, and the transceiving antenna is mounted in a housing.
Optionally, the PCB has a thickness of 0.5mm and an area of less than 20mm x 30 mm.
The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an intelligent detection device comprises the microwave sensor, a pulse power supply connected with the microwave sensor, a main control chip module and a power supply module for supplying power to the main control chip and the pulse power supply; the microwave sensor detects a target object, transmits the obtained information to the main control chip module, and the main control chip module processes the obtained information and sends a corresponding control instruction.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the microwave sensor realizes high performance, high signal-to-noise ratio and low cost on the size of the two-layer board pcb with the area of less than 20mm x 30 mm. The microwave detection distance is more than 8 meters, and the detection angle is more than 100 degrees. The microwave sensor is low in cost, small in size, high in signal-to-noise ratio and working frequency of 10.525GHz in an x wave band.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a microwave sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microwave sensor for detecting a target object according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power divider of a microwave sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of oscillator input power for an optimum operating range for a microwave sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a transmitting antenna structure of a microwave sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit board layout of a microwave sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a field diagram of a transmitting antenna of a microwave sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that a connection may be fixed or removable or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1, the microwave sensor of the present invention includes a signal generating unit, a signal distributing unit connected to the signal generating unit, a signal transmitting unit and a signal processing unit connected to the signal distributing unit, and a signal receiving unit; wherein the signal receiving unit is connected to the signal processing unit.
Referring to fig. 2, the signal generating unit includes an oscillator, and in the embodiment of the present invention, the oscillator includes a field effect transistor, a dielectric resonator, and a microstrip structure, and the field effect transistor operates in a positive feedback state by adjusting an operating point of the field effect transistor and a phase of a feedback circuit, so as to obtain a required operating signal. It can be understood that in the embodiment of the present invention, the filtering unit can be omitted by adjusting the operating point of the oscillator to reach the harmonic minimum. It will be appreciated that the oscillator is also connected to a voltage supply to provide operating power to the sensor.
The signal distribution unit comprises a power distributor; the signal transmitting unit comprises a transmitting antenna; the signal processing unit comprises a mixer; the power divider is used for adjusting and configuring the power ratio between the oscillator transmitted to the transmitting antenna and the mixer. As shown in fig. 3, the power divider includes a local oscillator signal input arm 10, a transmit antenna output arm 11, and a mixer signal input arm 12. By adjusting the lengths and widths of the local oscillator signal input arm 10, the transmit antenna output arm 11, and the mixer signal input arm 12, arbitrary power matching between the transmit antenna and the mixer can be achieved.
It can be understood that the noise of the mixer and the amplitude of the intermediate frequency signal have a very direct relationship with the power of the oscillator input for large mixing, the oscillator input power is too small, the noise is small, but the amplitude of the intermediate frequency output signal is too small, if the noise of the oscillator input for mixing is too large, although the input of the intermediate frequency signal is large, the noise is large, and the signal-to-noise ratio is poor. It is therefore important that the oscillator outputs a reasonable power signal to the mixer. In the embodiment of the invention, a small-size power divider is designed, and the ratio from an oscillator to a transmitting antenna and the frequency mixing can be flexibly matched by adjusting the length and the width of three power transmission lines of a local oscillator signal input arm 10, a transmitting antenna output arm 11 and a frequency mixing signal input arm 12, so that the optimal power ratio can be flexibly achieved, and as shown in fig. 4, the oscillator is in the optimal working range, and the performance of the whole system can be optimal.
It can be understood that, the power divider structure in the embodiment of the present invention makes it very convenient to flexibly achieve the optimal power ratio by adjusting the length and width of the 3 power transmission lines, and the power divider has the characteristics of small volume, low loss and low cost.
The signal transmitting unit comprises a transmitting antenna, the transmitting antenna is a separately designed slot antenna, and the length of a slot of the slot antenna is lambda/2. The slot antenna radiates a microwave signal through a slot of 1/2 wavelengths, and as shown in fig. 5, the power feeding position a of the antenna is located at the junction between the transmitting antenna output arm of the power divider and the slot antenna, and the optimum power transmission effect can be adjusted by adjusting the power feeding position a.
The signal processing unit is used for converting the received radio frequency signal into an intermediate frequency signal, and the frequency mixer receives signals from a frequency mixer signal input arm end and a receiving antenna end of the power divider, and outputs the intermediate frequency signal after frequency mixing. As shown in fig. 6, the mixer includes a local oscillator signal input terminal, a receiving antenna signal input terminal, an intermediate frequency signal output terminal, and first and second mixing tubes. Wherein, the phase difference of the signal phase of the receiving antenna end received by the first and second mixing pipes is 180 °, and the phase of the local oscillator signal is the same, thus obtaining:
uS1(t)＝uS2(t)＝VScosωSt
uL2(t)＝VLcosωLt
uL1(t)＝VLcos(ωLt-π)
wherein u isS1(t)、uS2(t) the signals from the power divider obtained on the two mixer tubes, respectively; and uL1(t)、uL2And (t) are signals from a receiving antenna terminal received by the first mixing tube and the second mixing tube respectively.
The mixing transconductances of the first and second mixing tubes are respectively:
Figure BDA0002248707850000061
the currents of the first and second mixing tubes are respectively:
Figure BDA0002248707850000063
Figure BDA0002248707850000064
the medium-frequency current comprises the following components:
i01(t)＝g1(t)vscos(ωS-ωL+π)t＝-g1VScosω0t
i02(t)＝g1(t)vscos(ωS-ωL)t＝g1VScosω0t
the total output medium frequency current is:
i0(t)＝i02(t)-i01(t)＝2g1VScosω0
the noise signal coming along with the receiving antenna is:
u1n(t)＝Vncos(ωnt-π)
u2n(t)＝Vncosωnt
after the frequency mixing, the intermediate frequency noise output by the two frequency mixing tubes is:
i1n(t)＝g1(t)Vncos[(ωnt-π)-(ωLt-π)]＝g1Vncosω0nt
i2n(t)＝g1(t)vncos(ωn-ωL)t＝g1Vncosω0nt
the noise current that the mixer actually outputs can be obtained as follows:
iLn(t)＝i2n(t)-i1n(t)＝0
therefore, after the mixer is used, the noise of the signal can be effectively eliminated, and the noise performance is improved.
As another embodiment of the invention, the phase difference between the two mixing tubes is 90 degrees, which can effectively inhibit even terms generated by mixing and greatly reduce the noise of intermediate frequency signals; in addition, the first mixing tube and the second mixing tube are in a working state in full wave, so that the working efficiency is high, and the signal intensity is high.
It can be understood that, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first and second double mixer structures are adopted, and the mixer tube is in the working state in the signal full period, so that the signal intensity of the mixing intermediate frequency output is greatly enhanced, and in the embodiment of the present invention, compared with a mixer tube, the signal amplitude of the embodiment of the present invention can be doubled; meanwhile, because two mixing tubes work and have a phase difference of 90 degrees or 180 degrees, odd term noise or even term noise can be suppressed and cancelled.
The signal receiving unit comprises a receiving antenna, the receiving antenna and the sending antenna are separately designed slot antennas, and the length of a slot of each slot antenna is lambda/2. In the embodiment of the invention, the receiving end and the transmitting end are respectively and independently designed as slot antennas, so that the occupied size is small, the observation angle is large, compared with a single antenna structure, the efficiency of the transmitting end antenna and the receiving end antenna is effectively improved, (the embodiment of the invention improves 3dB at least through experimental verification), and because the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated, the impedance adjustment of an antenna system can be independently controlled, the power distribution can also be independently adjusted, so that the performance adjustment of the whole system is very convenient. Fig. 7 shows a field pattern of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, the oscillator outputs a frequency ftraOne path of the transmitting signals is transmitted out through a transmitting antenna, and the other path of the transmitting signals enters a mixer; the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna is reflected back after encountering a target object, the transmitted signal is called an echo signal, the receiving antenna receives the echo signal, the echo signal is transmitted to the frequency mixer for processing, and finally, the signal carrying the related information of the target object is output.
As shown in fig. 6, the circuit board of the microwave sensor of the present invention is illustrated, wherein the circuit board adopts a double-layer PCB structure, the oscillator circuit 1 is disposed at one end of the circuit board, the power divider 2 and the mixer circuit 5 are disposed at the middle position of the circuit board, the transmitting antenna 3 and the receiving antenna 4 are slot antennas, which are respectively disposed at two sides to form a double-slot antenna structure, and the layout can effectively utilize the effective area of the PCB, so that the size of the whole microwave sensor is greatly reduced, and the miniaturization design of the microwave sensor can be realized. In the embodiment of the invention, the PCB with small thickness is adopted as far as possible under the condition of ensuring the strength, and the thickness of the PCB is 0.5mm, and the area of the PCB is less than 20mm x 30mm, so that the feed loss of the slot antenna is minimized, and the effect of the antenna is optimal. The embodiment of the invention aims at the X-waveband small-size microwave sensor, adopts a double-layer PCB structure and uses a double-slot antenna, thereby effectively utilizing the effective area of the PCB. It is understood that the microwave sensor of the present invention further includes a housing in which the PCB board integrated with the oscillator, the power divider, the mixer, and the transceiver antenna is mounted.
As another embodiment of the present invention, an intelligent detection device is further provided, which includes the microwave sensor described in the above embodiments, a pulse power supply connected to the microwave sensor, a main control chip module, and a power supply module for providing a power supply for the main control chip and the pulse power supply. The microwave sensor detects a target object, transmits the obtained information to the main control chip module, and the main control chip module processes the obtained information and sends out a corresponding control instruction, so that the detection work is completed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. A microwave sensor is characterized by comprising a signal generating unit, a signal distributing unit connected with the signal generating unit, a signal transmitting unit and a signal processing unit connected with the signal distributing unit, and a signal receiving unit; wherein the signal receiving unit is connected to the signal processing unit; the signal generating unit comprises an oscillator; the signal distribution unit comprises a power distributor; the signal transmitting unit comprises a transmitting antenna; the signal processing unit comprises a mixer; the signal receiving unit comprises a receiving antenna; the receiving antenna and the sending antenna are separately designed slot antennas, and the length of a slot of each slot antenna is lambda/2; the frequency mixer comprises a local oscillation signal input end, a receiving antenna signal input end, an intermediate frequency signal output end, a first frequency mixing tube and a second frequency mixing tube.
2. A microwave sensor in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the power divider comprises a local oscillator signal input arm, a transmitting antenna output arm and a mixer signal input arm; by adjusting the length and width of the local oscillator signal input arm, the transmitting antenna output arm and the mixer signal input arm, any power distribution between the transmitting antenna and the mixer can be realized.
3. The microwave sensor according to claim 2, wherein the first and second mixer pipes receive signals at the receiving antenna end with a phase difference of 180 ° and the local oscillator signals have the same phase.
4. A microwave sensor according to claim 3, wherein the intermediate frequency noise output by the first and second mixing tubes is:
i1n(t)＝g1(t)Vncos[(ωnt-π)-(ωLt-π)]＝g1Vncosω0nt
i2n(t)＝g2(t)vncos(ωn-ωL)t＝g1Vncosω0nt
wherein, g1(t)、g2(t)The first and second mixer transconductors are the mixer transconductors of the first and second mixer transistors, respectively.
5. The microwave sensor of claim 1, wherein the circuit board of the microwave sensor is a double-layer PCB structure, wherein the oscillator circuit is disposed at one end of the circuit board, the power divider and the mixer circuit are disposed at a middle position of the circuit board, and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are slot antennas respectively disposed at two sides to form a double-slot antenna structure.
6. The microwave sensor of claim 5, further comprising a housing, wherein the circuit board integrated with the oscillator, the power divider, the mixer, and the transceiver antenna is mounted in the housing.
7. A microwave sensor according to claim 5, wherein the PCB has a thickness of 0.5mm and an area of less than 20mm x 30 mm.
8. An intelligent detection device, its characterized in that: the microwave sensor comprises the microwave sensor as claimed in claims 1 to 7, a pulse power supply connected with the microwave sensor, a main control chip module, and a power supply module for supplying power to the main control chip and the pulse power supply; the microwave sensor detects a target object, transmits the obtained information to the main control chip module, and the main control chip module processes the obtained information and sends a corresponding control instruction.
CN201911033819.7A 2019-10-25 2019-10-25 Microwave sensor and intelligent detection device Pending CN110824464A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111781586A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-16 成都镭迪昇科技有限公司 Microwave sensor based on electromagnetic hybrid coupling filter structure
CN112731546A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-04-30 深圳市海纳微传感器技术有限公司 Induction sensing equipment and intelligent detection induction device
CN114624696A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-06-14 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 Microwave detection method and device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111781586A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-16 成都镭迪昇科技有限公司 Microwave sensor based on electromagnetic hybrid coupling filter structure
CN112731546A (en) * 2021-01-15 2021-04-30 深圳市海纳微传感器技术有限公司 Induction sensing equipment and intelligent detection induction device
CN114624696A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-06-14 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 Microwave detection method and device
CN114624697A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-06-14 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 Microwave detection method and device
CN114624695A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-06-14 深圳迈睿智能科技有限公司 Microwave detection method and device

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