CN110823328A - Coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method - Google Patents
Coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110823328A CN110823328A CN201911066824.8A CN201911066824A CN110823328A CN 110823328 A CN110823328 A CN 110823328A CN 201911066824 A CN201911066824 A CN 201911066824A CN 110823328 A CN110823328 A CN 110823328A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- bunker
- level
- type
- time
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G11/00—Apparatus for weighing a continuous stream of material during flow; Conveyor belt weighers
- G01G11/14—Apparatus for weighing a continuous stream of material during flow; Conveyor belt weighers using totalising or integrating devices
- G01G11/16—Apparatus for weighing a continuous stream of material during flow; Conveyor belt weighers using totalising or integrating devices being electrical or electronic means
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: s1, tracking the flow direction of the fire coal by using the fuel feature code; s2, uploading accumulated coal quantity data of the electronic belt scale for as-fired coal to a power plant SIS system PI database in real time, updating the working state of the coal bunker plough to the PI database in real time, and updating coal bunker coal level meter data and coal feeder flow data to the PI database in real time; s3, calculating the coal amount W of each coal bunkeriThe coal type and coal quality data information of the upper bin are simultaneously followed; s4, establishing a mapping relation between the coal positions of the coal bunkers and the coal amount, namely establishing a coal position and coal amount corresponding model of the coal type; s5, analyzing the coal level change of each coal in the coal bunker in real time according to the state of the coal plough, the instantaneous flow of the coal feeder and the data of the coal level meter in the running process of the coal bunker; the method has the beneficial effect that the distribution conditions of all layers of coal in the coal bunker can be obtained and displayed in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent management and control system for coal-fired power generation, in particular to a coal bunker coal type layered real-time monitoring method for a coal-fired power plant.
Background
When the coal is taken from a coal yard or freight (water transportation/vehicle transportation) is directly or shunted to be loaded to a bunker, an electronic belt scale for coal as fired is arranged on the loading line and used for recording the coal as fired quantity; the coal bunker is provided with a coal level meter device for detecting the height of the coal level in the coal bunker. Generally, the electronic belt conveyor scale for coal as fired can only obtain the total coal quantity of one shift feeding, but can not obtain the feeding coal quantity of each coal bunker in the feeding process, and meanwhile, the coal quality data of coal types in the coal bunkers can not be updated to a database in real time, so that the data of the coal quality of the coal types as fired and the operation of a boiler are disconnected, the real-time adjustment and optimization of the operation of the boiler are influenced, and the accurate analysis of the coal consumption for power generation is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a coal bunker coal type layered real-time monitoring method, which utilizes the fuel characteristic code of an intelligent fuel system, the working posture of a bucket wheel machine and the working state of a coal conveying system to track the flow direction of coal, accurately analyzes the coal amount of coal as fired in each coal bunker, and provides accurate fuel data for the operation of a boiler unit and the coal consumption analysis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a coal bunker coal type layered real-time monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, tracking the flow direction of the fire coal by using the fuel feature code;
s2, uploading accumulated coal quantity data of the electronic belt scale for as-fired coal to a power plant SIS system PI database in real time, updating the working state of the coal bunker plough to the PI database in real time, and updating coal bunker coal level meter data and coal feeder flow data to the PI database in real time;
s3, calculating the coal amount W of each coal bunkeriThe coal type and coal quality data information of the upper bin are simultaneously followed; the method has the advantages that the coal quantity of each coal bunker in the bunker is accurately calculated, namely the coal bunker sub-bunker metering analysis model is obtained; the calculation method is as follows:
1. parameter definition:
t0in the process of feeding coal at the same time, the instant coal quantity of the electronic belt scale for feeding coal into the furnace is changed from zero to non-zero time,
t0' is the time when the coal flow begins to enter the entrance of the bunker bay,
tithe time when the coal flow starts to enter the ith coal bunker,
tiethe suspension time of the ith coal plough, namely the time for finishing the bin charging of the coal bin,
tisthe time when the ith coal plough is dropped, which is not necessarily the time when the bunker starts to be filled,
t is the time when the instantaneous coal quantity of the electronic belt scale becomes 0 when the secondary coal feeding process is finished,
v1in order to increase the running speed of the coal conveying belt between the electronic belt scale and the coal bunker,
v2in order to increase the running speed of the coal belt between the coal bunkers,
L0ithe distance between the inlet of the coal bunker and the ith coal plough,
Lijthe distance between the ith coal plough and the jth coal plough,
WKFadding coal amount for a tail bin KF bin;
2. reading by an electronic belt scale:
the reading of the electronic belt scale at the time t is GtOr G (t),
G0is at t0The reading of the electronic belt scale is carried out,
GTreading the electronic belt scale at T;
3. time delay analysis from an electronic belt scale to a coal bunker:
time delay delta t from electronic belt scale to entrance of coal bunker0: from t of finger0To t0' time delay;
Δt0the coal flow detection device can be obtained through a test statistical average value or a coal flow detection device in real time;
the moment t when the coal flow reaches the entrance of the coal bunker bay is obtained by additionally arranging a coal flow detection device at the entrance of the coal bunker bay0’,Δt0＝t0’-t0；
Δt0iFor the time interval from the entrance of the bunker bay to the entry of the coal stream into the ith bunker, Δ t0i＝L0i/v2；
ΔtijFor the time interval from the suspension of the ith plough to the entry of the coal flow into the jth bunker, Δ tij＝Lij/v2；
4. And (3) coal bunker adding coal quantity analysis:
judging the coal bunker adding start and end: the system judges the time of starting and finishing the bin charging of each coal bin according to the state change (hanging up and dropping) time of the coal plough of each coal bin and the sequence of the coal ploughs;
when all coal ploughs are suspended and the coal conveying belt still has coal flow, the coal adding amount system counts WKF；
Coal bunker filling amount Wi: adding coal amount for the ith coal bunker in the current coal bunker adding process; the analysis process assumes that the ith coal bunker is added only once in the once bunker adding process, and if the ith coal bunker is added for multiple times in the once bunker adding process, W isiThe sum of the coal amount of the coal bunker added for multiple times;
(sequential bunker addition) first bunker addition amount Wp: during the next coal feeding process, the coal amount added by the coal bunker p of the first coal bunker is t when the coal plough is suspendedpe。Wp＝(G(tpe-Δt0-Δt0p)-G0)；
(sequential Binning) after the ith coal bunker is added, the jth (j) is added>i time) the coal bunker begins to be added, the coal quantity W of the jth coal bunker is addedj＝(G(tje-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tie-Δt0-Δt0i))；
(sequential bunker addition) last bunker addition amount Wz: after the y-th coal bunker is added, the coal plough y is hung, and finally the coal bunker z begins to be added until the T moment, the coal bunker z adds the coal quantity Wz＝(GT-G(tye-Δt0-Δt0y))；
(reverse-order bunker-charging) bunker-charging quantity W of first coal bunkerp: during the current coal supply, the coal amount fed to the first coal bunker p is just before the coal plough q (q)<p) landing time tqs；Wp＝(G(tqs-Δt0-Δt0q)-G0)；
(reverse-order Binning) during the ith coal bunker Binning process, the jth (j) is added<i) starting adding bins for coal bins, and measuring according to 3 conditions, namely j is put down first and i is still in a put-down state; i is hung up first, and j is then dropped; j is dropped first and i is then suspended. The following discussion refers to the situation: if the jth coal plough is first dropped, the ith coal plough state is the dropping state. The quantity W of coal added to the ith coal bunkeri＝G(tjs-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tis-Δt0-Δt0i) (ii) a The other 2 cases are calculated similarly;
(reverse-order bunker-charging) last bunker-charging quantity Wz: in the process of the y-th coal bunker, the coal plough z is dropped, and finally the coal bunker z begins to be added until the instantaneous flow of the electronic belt scale for coal as fired becomes 0. The z-added coal amount of the coal bunker is Wz＝(GT-G(tzs-Δt0-Δt0z) ); the coal bunker y is added with coal quantity Wy＝(G(tzs-Δt0-Δt0z)-G(tys-Δt0-Δt0y))；
(mixing sequence, first forward and then reverse) after the coal bunker k is added, the coal plough k is hung, and then the coal plough i (i) is tightly arranged>k) A dropping state is achieved; after the coal bunker i is added, the coal plough j (j) is used<i) Let down, at which time the coal plough i (i)>k) A dropping state is achieved; coal bunker i coal loading amount Wi＝G(tjs-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tke-Δt0-Δt0k)；
(mixing sequence, reverse first then forward) when coal bunker k is added, coal plough i (i)<k) Placing down; after the coal bunker i is added, the coal plough i (j)<i) Hanging up; coal bunker i coal loading amount Wi＝G(tie-Δt0-Δt0i)-G(tis-Δt0-Δt0i)；
S4, establishing a mapping relation between the coal positions of the coal bunkers and the coal amount, namely establishing a coal position and coal amount corresponding model of the coal type;
s5, analyzing the coal level change of each coal in the coal bunker in real time according to the state of the coal plough, the instantaneous flow of the coal feeder and the data of the coal level meter in the running process of the coal bunker; the method has the advantages that the distribution conditions of all layers of coal in the coal bunker can be obtained and displayed in real time;
the calculation process is as follows:
respectively analyzing the coal levels and the coal amounts of different coal types in the coal bunker according to different operation states of the coal bunker; in particular, the feeder instantaneous flow V when it is not operatingf＝0。
At T1At the moment, i.e. at the beginning of the charging, there may be one or more coal bunkersPlanting coal seeds; the coal types added in the bin can be the same as or different from the coal types on the uppermost layer;
at T2At the moment, namely after the bunker adding is finished, the newly added coal is positioned at the uppermost layer; when V isfWhen the coal level distribution of the lower coal type is 0, the coal level distribution of the lower coal type is unchanged; when V isfWhen the coal level is not equal to 0, the coal level of the lowest coal type is changed, and the middle coal type is not changed;
when the newly added coal type is the same as the upper coal type, only the coal level and the coal amount accumulation of the upper coal type need to be considered, and layering does not need to be considered;
when the new coal type is different from the upper coal type and only two coal types exist, the coal type is analyzed in a layering way as follows:
A. case 1: vfThe coal level of the lower coal type is not changed when the coal level is 0; obtaining the coal amount of the new coal type B through a coal bunker sub-bin metering analysis model; coal level H of new coal type B2Measuring the value of a coal level meter of a coal bunker, wherein the interface of the coal bed is HA1；
B. Case 2: vfNot equal to 0, obtaining the coal amount of the new coal feed B through a coal bunker sub-bin metering analysis model; the coal level of the newly added coal is the measurement value H of the coal level meterB2(ii) a Known as T1At that time, the amount of coal of type A is mA1Coal level HA1；T2At that time, the amount of coal of type A is mA2＝mA1-∫Vfdt; h can be obtained through a coal level coal quantity corresponding modelA2A value; the interface of the coal seam is HA2The coal types A and B are respectively arranged from bottom to top; see fig. 3;
C. case 3: vfNot equal to 0, no bin is added; the bottom coal quantity and the coal level change; the coal quantity of the upper layer is unchanged, and the coal level is changed; knowing the initial time of T1, the coal quantity m of coal type AA1Coal level HA1Amount of coal of B coal type mB1Coal level HB1(ii) a At the new T2 moment, the coal level of the B coal type is the measurement value H of the coal level meterB2(ii) a Coal quantity m of A coal speciesA2＝mA1-∫Vfdt，mB2＝mB1(ii) a H can be obtained through a coal level coal quantity corresponding modelA2A value; the interface of the coal seam is HA2The coal types A and B are respectively arranged from bottom to top; see fig. 4.
When the new coal type is different from the upper coal type and has three or more coal types, the coal type layering information can be obtained according to the same method.
Further, when freight (water transportation and vehicle transportation) straight-through/diversion loading is carried out, the fuel characteristic code is generated and the flow direction of the fire coal is tracked during coal unloading; or when the coal is taken and loaded in a coal yard, the flow direction of the fire coal is tracked according to the working attitude (cart position, cantilever pitching and rotation angle) of the bucket wheel machine and the fuel feature code.
Further, when the reading of the electronic belt scale is obtained in step S3, the start and end times of the coal feeding process should be analyzed by observing the instantaneous flow rate for a certain period of time, so as to prevent erroneous judgment.
Preferably, in the step S4, a mapping relationship between the coal level of the bunker and the coal amount, that is, a coal level and coal amount correspondence model, is established by using a test method or a geometric calculation method;
the test method comprises the following steps: when the coal bunker is empty, loading the coal bunker, and establishing a mapping table of the coal quantity and the coal level by using the metering data of the electronic belt scale and the actual measurement value of the coal level height; for the known coal quantity or coal position data which is not in the mapping table, adopting an interpolation method to obtain unknown coal quantity or coal position data;
the geometric calculation method comprises the following steps: and calculating the coal storage volume of each coal level height by using the geometric shape of the coal bunker, and calculating the coal output according to the stacking density of the coal, thereby establishing a mapping table. The coal bunker is composed of a regular cylinder at the upper part and 8 conical tables with gradually increasing conicity at the lower part, as shown in figure 2; the coal level in the coal bunker has a one-to-one correspondence relationship with the coal quantity;
the volume of the ith frustum from bottom to top can be obtained by a coal bunker structure:
wherein, αi、Ri-1、hi＝Hi-Hi-1The included angle between the inner surface of the frustum of the section and the horizontal direction, the radius of the lower bottom and the height of the frustum are respectively; hi，Hi-1The height of the upper plane and the height of the lower plane of the frustum are respectively.
Setting actual coal levelHeight measurement H, H ∈ (H)i,Hi+1]Then, the coal volume of the coal bunker is determined by the following formula:
wherein h isi+1＝H-Hi；
From mi＝ρi*V(H)(ρiFor coal type bulk density) to establish different coal typesiAnd the one-to-one mapping relation with the coal level H, namely a coal type coal level coal quantity corresponding model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by using the fuel characteristic code and the postures of equipment such as a bucket wheel machine, a coal plough and the like of the coal conveying system, the invention can analyze the coal flow trend in the loading process in real time, and can accurately analyze the loading coal quantity of each coal bunker by combining the accumulated flow data of the electronic belt scale.
2. The method has the advantages that the layering information of various coals in the coal bunker is accurately analyzed in real time by utilizing the coal level and coal quantity corresponding model of the coal bunker and combining the feeding process and the flow information of the coal feeder, the layering information comprises coal types, coal quality, coal level height, coal quantity and the like, and the problems that the coal bunker only has coal level information, does not have coal type and coal quality information and also does not have different coal type layering information in the coal bunker in the existing operation mode are solved.
3. The method can accurately predict the burnout time of the bottom coal of the coal bunker, namely the switching time of the combustion of different coals entering the boiler, provides accurate prediction information for the timely adjustment of the operation of the boiler, improves the operation efficiency of the boiler, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the boiler.
4. The information of the coal types of the coal bunker fed into the boiler is automatically given in real time, and basic information is provided for the combustion optimization and adjustment of the boiler operation.
5. The accurate measurement and calculation of the power generation coal consumption in a positive balance mode can be realized through the data of the coal type and the coal amount of the coal bunker in each boiler of each boiler unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of coal bunker coal quantity calculation in the loading process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary coal bunker configuration according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the coal stratification condition 2 of the coal bunker of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of coal type stratification 3 of the coal bunker of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a layered real-time monitoring method for coal types in a coal bunker comprises the following steps:
s1, tracking the flow direction of the fire coal by using the fuel feature code, wherein the fuel feature code is generated and tracks the flow direction of the fire coal when the fire coal is unloaded when freight (water transportation and vehicle transportation) direct/shunt loading is carried out; or when the coal is taken and loaded into the bunker in the coal yard, the flow direction of the fire coal is tracked according to the working attitude (cart position, cantilever pitching and rotation angle) of the bucket wheel machine and the fuel feature code;
s2, uploading accumulated coal quantity data of the electronic belt scale for as-fired coal to a power plant SIS system PI database in real time, updating the working state of the coal bunker plough to the PI database in real time, and updating coal bunker coal level meter data and coal feeder flow data to the PI database in real time;
s3, calculating the coal amount W of each coal bunkeriThe coal type and coal quality data information of the upper bin are simultaneously followed; the method has the advantages that the coal quantity of each coal bunker in the bunker is accurately calculated, namely the coal bunker sub-bunker metering analysis model is obtained; the calculation method is as follows:
5. parameter definition:
t0in the process of feeding coal at the same time, the instant coal quantity of the electronic belt scale for feeding coal into the furnace is changed from zero to non-zero time,
t0' is the time when the coal flow begins to enter the entrance of the bunker bay,
tithe time when the coal flow starts to enter the ith coal bunker,
tiethe suspension time of the ith coal plough, namely the time for finishing the bin charging of the coal bin,
tisthe time when the ith coal plough is dropped, which is not necessarily the time when the bunker starts to be filled,
t is the time when the instantaneous coal quantity of the electronic belt scale becomes 0 when the secondary coal feeding process is finished,
v1in order to increase the running speed of the coal conveying belt between the electronic belt scale and the coal bunker,
v2in order to increase the running speed of the coal belt between the coal bunkers,
L0ithe distance between the inlet of the coal bunker and the ith coal plough,
Lijthe distance between the ith coal plough and the jth coal plough,
WKFadding coal amount for a tail bin KF bin;
6. reading by an electronic belt scale:
the reading of the electronic belt scale at the time t is GtOr G (t),
G0is at t0The reading of the electronic belt scale is carried out,
GTthe reading of the electronic belt scale at T,
the system analyzes the starting and ending moments of the coaling process through observing the instantaneous flow for a period of time, so as to prevent misjudgment;
7. time delay analysis from an electronic belt scale to a coal bunker:
time delay delta t from electronic belt scale to entrance of coal bunker0: from t of finger0To t0' time delay;
Δt0the coal flow detection device can be obtained through a test statistical average value or a coal flow detection device in real time;
the moment t when the coal flow reaches the entrance of the coal bunker bay is obtained by additionally arranging a coal flow detection device at the entrance of the coal bunker bay0’,Δt0＝t0’-t0；
Δt0iFor the time interval from the entrance of the bunker bay to the entry of the coal stream into the ith bunker, Δ t0i＝L0i/v2；
ΔtijFor the time interval from the suspension of the ith plough to the entry of the coal flow into the jth bunker, Δ tij＝Lij/v2；
8. And (3) coal bunker adding coal quantity analysis:
judging the coal bunker adding start and end: the system judges the time of starting and finishing the bin charging of each coal bin according to the state change (hanging up and dropping) time of the coal plough of each coal bin and the sequence of the coal ploughs;
when all coal ploughs are suspended and the coal conveying belt still has coal flow, the coal adding amount system counts WKF；
Coal bunker filling amount Wi: adding coal amount for the ith coal bunker in the current coal bunker adding process; in the analysis process, the ith coal bunker is only added once in the once coal bunker adding process, and if the ith coal bunker is added for multiple times in the once coal bunker adding process, Wi is the sum of the multiple coal bunker adding amounts of the coal bunker;
(sequential bunker addition) first bunker addition amount Wp: during the next coal feeding process, the coal amount added by the coal bunker p of the first coal bunker is t when the coal plough is suspendedpe。Wp＝(G(tpe-Δt0-Δt0p)-G0)；
(sequential Binning) after the ith coal bunker is added, the jth (j) is added>i time) the coal bunker begins to be added, the coal quantity W of the jth coal bunker is addedj＝(G(tje-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tie-Δt0-Δt0i))；
(sequential bunker addition) last bunker addition amount Wz: after the y-th coal bunker is added, the coal plough y is hung, and finally the coal bunker z begins to be added until the T moment, the coal bunker z adds the coal quantity Wz＝(GT-G(tye-Δt0-Δt0y))；
(reverse-order bunker-charging) bunker-charging quantity W of first coal bunkerp: during the current coal supply, the coal amount fed to the first coal bunker p is just before the coal plough q (q)<p) landing time tqs；Wp＝(G(tqs-Δt0-Δt0q)-G0)；
(reverse-order Binning) during the ith coal bunker Binning process, the jth (j) is added<i) starting adding bins for coal bins, and measuring according to 3 conditions, namely j is put down first and i is still in a put-down state; i is hung up first, and j is then dropped; j is dropped first and i is then suspended. The following discussion refers to the situation: if the jth coal plough is first dropped, the ith coal plough state is the dropping state. The quantity W of coal added to the ith coal bunkeri＝G(tjs-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tis-Δt0-Δt0i) (ii) a The other 2 cases are calculated similarly;
(reverse-order bunker-charging) last bunker-charging quantity Wz: in the process of the y-th coal bunker, the coal plough z is dropped, and finally the coal bunker z begins to be added until the instantaneous flow of the electronic belt scale for coal as fired becomes 0. The z-added coal amount of the coal bunker is Wz＝(GT-G(tzs-Δt0-Δt0z) ); the coal bunker y is added with coal quantity Wy＝(G(tzs-Δt0-Δt0z)-G(tys-Δt0-Δt0y))；
(mixing sequence, first forward and then reverse) after the coal bunker k is added, the coal plough k is hung, and then the coal plough i (i) is tightly arranged>k) A dropping state is achieved; after the coal bunker i is added, the coal plough j (j) is used<i) Let down, at which time the coal plough i (i)>k) A dropping state is achieved; coal bunker i coal loading amount Wi＝G(tjs-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tke-Δt0-Δt0k)；
(mixing sequence, reverse first then forward) when coal bunker k is added, coal plough i (i)<k) Placing down; after the coal bunker i is added, the coal plough i (j)<i) Hanging up; coal bunker i coal loading amount Wi＝G(tie-Δt0-Δt0i)-G(tis-Δt0-Δt0i)；
S4, establishing a mapping relation between the coal positions of the coal bunker and the coal amount by using a test method or a geometric calculation method, namely establishing a coal position and coal amount corresponding model;
the test method comprises the following steps: when the coal bunker is empty, loading the coal bunker, and establishing a mapping table of the coal quantity and the coal level by using the metering data of the electronic belt scale and the actual measurement value of the coal level height; for the known coal quantity or coal position data which is not in the mapping table, adopting an interpolation method to obtain unknown coal quantity or coal position data;
the geometric calculation method comprises the following steps: and calculating the coal storage volume of each coal level height by using the geometric shape of the coal bunker, and calculating the coal output according to the stacking density of the coal, thereby establishing a mapping table. The coal bunker is composed of a regular cylinder at the upper part and 8 conical tables with gradually increasing conicity at the lower part, as shown in figure 2; the coal level in the coal bunker has a one-to-one correspondence relationship with the coal quantity;
the volume of the ith frustum from bottom to top can be obtained by a coal bunker structure:
wherein, αi、Ri-1、hi＝Hi-Hi-1The included angle between the inner surface of the frustum of the section and the horizontal direction, the radius of the lower bottom and the height of the frustum are respectively; hi，Hi-1The height of the upper plane and the height of the lower plane of the frustum are respectively.
Setting the actual coal level height measurement value H, H E (H)i,Hi+1]Then, the coal volume of the coal bunker is determined by the following formula:
wherein h isi+1＝H-Hi；
From mi＝ρi*V(H)(ρiFor coal type bulk density) to establish different coal typesiA one-to-one mapping relation with the coal level H, namely a coal type coal level coal amount corresponding model;
s5, analyzing the coal level change of each coal in the coal bunker in real time according to the state of the coal plough, the instantaneous flow of the coal feeder and the data of the coal level meter in the running process of the coal bunker; the method has the beneficial effect that the distribution conditions of all layers of coal in the coal bunker can be obtained and displayed in real time.
The calculation process is as follows:
respectively analyzing the coal levels and the coal amounts of different coal types in the coal bunker according to different operation states of the coal bunker; in particular, the feeder instantaneous flow V when it is not operatingf＝0。
At T1At the moment, namely the adding of the coal bunker is started, one or more coal types can exist in the coal bunker; the coal types added in the bin can be the same as or different from the coal types on the uppermost layer;
at T2At the moment, namely the adding of the bunker is finished, the newly added coal is inThe uppermost layer; when V isfWhen the coal level distribution of the lower coal type is 0, the coal level distribution of the lower coal type is unchanged; when V isfWhen the coal level is not equal to 0, the coal level of the lowest coal type is changed, and the middle coal type is not changed;
when the newly added coal type is the same as the upper coal type, only the coal level and the coal amount accumulation of the upper coal type need to be considered, and layering does not need to be considered. When the new coal type is different from the upper coal type and has only two coal types, the coal type is analyzed in layers as follows. When the new coal type is different from the upper coal type and has three or more coal types, the coal type layering information can be obtained according to the same method.
A. Case 1: vfThe coal level of the lower coal type is not changed when the coal level is 0; obtaining the coal amount of the new coal type B through a coal bunker sub-bin metering analysis model; coal level H of new coal type B2Measuring the value of a coal level meter of a coal bunker, wherein the interface of the coal bed is HA1；
B. Case 2: vfNot equal to 0, obtaining the coal amount of the newly added coal through a coal bunker sub-bin metering analysis model; the coal level of the newly added coal is the measurement value H of the coal level meterB2(ii) a Known as T1At that time, the amount of coal of type A is mA1Coal level HA1；T2At that time, the amount of coal of type A is mA2＝mA1-∫Vfdt; h can be obtained through a coal level coal quantity corresponding modelA2The value is obtained. The interface of the coal seam is HA2The coal types A and B are respectively arranged from bottom to top; see fig. 3.
C. Case 3: vfNot equal to 0, no bin is added; the bottom coal quantity and the coal level change; the coal quantity of the upper layer is unchanged, and the coal level is changed. Knowing the initial time of T1, the coal quantity m of coal type AA1Coal level HA1Amount of coal of B coal type mB1Coal level HB1(ii) a At the new T2 moment, the coal level of the B coal type is the measurement value H of the coal level meterB2B, carrying out the following steps of; coal quantity m of A coal speciesA2＝mA1-∫Vfdt，mB2＝mB1. H can be obtained through a coal level coal quantity corresponding modelA2The value is obtained. The interface of the coal seam is HA2The coal types A and B are respectively arranged from bottom to top; see fig. 4.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A coal bunker coal type layered real-time monitoring method comprises the following steps:
s1, tracking the flow direction of the fire coal by using the fuel feature code;
s2, uploading accumulated coal quantity data of the electronic belt scale for as-fired coal to a power plant SIS system PI database in real time, updating the working state of the coal bunker plough to the PI database in real time, and updating coal bunker coal level meter data and coal feeder flow data to the PI database in real time;
s3, calculating the coal amount W of each coal bunkeriThe coal type and coal quality data information of the upper bin are simultaneously followed; the method has the advantages that the coal quantity of each coal bunker in the bunker is accurately calculated, namely the coal bunker sub-bunker metering analysis model is obtained; the calculation method is as follows:
parameter definition:
t0in the process of feeding coal at the same time, the instant coal quantity of the electronic belt scale for feeding coal into the furnace is changed from zero to non-zero time,
t0' is the time when the coal flow begins to enter the entrance of the bunker bay,
tithe time when the coal flow starts to enter the ith coal bunker,
tiethe suspension time of the ith coal plough, namely the time for finishing the bin charging of the coal bin,
tisthe time when the ith coal plough is dropped, which is not necessarily the time when the bunker starts to be filled,
t is the time when the instantaneous coal quantity of the electronic belt scale becomes 0 when the secondary coal feeding process is finished,
v1in order to increase the running speed of the coal conveying belt between the electronic belt scale and the coal bunker,
v2in order to increase the running speed of the coal belt between the coal bunkers,
L0ithe distance between the inlet of the coal bunker and the ith coal plough,
Lijthe distance between the ith coal plough and the jth coal plough,
WKFadding coal amount for a tail bin KF bin;
reading by an electronic belt scale:
the reading of the electronic belt scale at the time t is GtOr G (t),
G0is at t0The reading of the electronic belt scale is carried out,
GTreading the electronic belt scale at T;
time delay analysis from an electronic belt scale to a coal bunker:
time delay delta t from electronic belt scale to entrance of coal bunker0: from t of finger0To t0' time delay;
Δt0the coal flow detection device can be obtained through a test statistical average value or a coal flow detection device in real time;
the moment t when the coal flow reaches the entrance of the coal bunker bay is obtained by additionally arranging a coal flow detection device at the entrance of the coal bunker bay0’,Δt0＝t0’-t0；
Δt0iFor the time interval from the entrance of the bunker bay to the entry of the coal stream into the ith bunker, Δ t0i＝L0i/v2；
ΔtijFor the time interval from the suspension of the ith plough to the entry of the coal flow into the jth bunker, Δ tij＝Lij/v2；
And (3) coal bunker adding coal quantity analysis:
judging the coal bunker adding start and end: the system judges the time of starting and finishing the bin charging of each coal bin according to the state change (hanging up and dropping) time of the coal plough of each coal bin and the sequence of the coal ploughs;
when all coal ploughs are suspended and the coal conveying belt still has coal flow, the coal adding amount system counts WKF；
Coal bunker filling amount Wi: adding coal amount for the ith coal bunker in the current coal bunker adding process; the analysis process assumes that the ith coal bunker is added only once in the once bunker adding process, and if the ith coal bunker is added for multiple times in the once bunker adding process, W isiThe sum of the coal amount of the coal bunker added for multiple times;
(order of sequence)Adding bin) first coal bin adding amount Wp: during the next coal feeding process, the coal amount added by the coal bunker p of the first coal bunker is t when the coal plough is suspendedpe。Wp＝(G(tpe-Δt0-Δt0p)-G0)；
(sequential Binning) after the ith coal bunker is added, the jth (j) is added>i time) the coal bunker begins to be added, the coal quantity W of the jth coal bunker is addedj＝(G(tje-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tie-Δt0-Δt0i))；
(sequential bunker addition) last bunker addition amount Wz: after the y-th coal bunker is added, the coal plough y is hung, and finally the coal bunker z begins to be added until the T moment, the coal bunker z adds the coal quantity Wz＝(GT-G(tye-Δt0-Δt0y))；
(reverse-order bunker-charging) bunker-charging quantity W of first coal bunkerp: during the current coal supply, the coal amount fed to the first coal bunker p is just before the coal plough q (q)<p) landing time tqs；Wp＝(G(tqs-Δt0-Δt0q)-G0)；
(reverse-order Binning) during the ith coal bunker Binning process, the jth (j) is added<i) starting adding bins for coal bins, and measuring according to 3 conditions, namely j is put down first and i is still in a put-down state; i is hung up first, and j is then dropped; j is dropped first and i is then suspended. The following discussion refers to the situation: if the jth coal plough is first dropped, the ith coal plough state is the dropping state. The quantity W of coal added to the ith coal bunkeri＝G(tjs-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tis-Δt0-Δt0i) (ii) a The other 2 cases are calculated similarly;
(reverse-order bunker-charging) last bunker-charging quantity Wz: in the process of the y-th coal bunker, the coal plough z is dropped, and finally the coal bunker z begins to be added until the instantaneous flow of the electronic belt scale for coal as fired becomes 0. The z-added coal amount of the coal bunker is Wz＝(GT-G(tzs-Δt0-Δt0z) ); the coal bunker y is added with coal quantity Wy＝(G(tzs-Δt0-Δt0z)-G(tys-Δt0-Δt0y))；
(mixing sequence, first forward and then reverse) after the coal bunker k is added, the coal plough k is hung, and then the coal plough i (i) is tightly arranged>k) A dropping state is achieved; after the coal bunker i is added, the coal plough j (j) is used<i) Let down, at which time the coal plough i (i)>k) A dropping state is achieved; coal bunker i coal loading amount Wi＝G(tjs-Δt0-Δt0j)-G(tke-Δt0-Δt0k)；
(mixing sequence, reverse first then forward) when coal bunker k is added, coal plough i (i)<k) Placing down; after the coal bunker i is added, the coal plough i (j)<i) Hanging up; coal bunker i coal loading amount Wi＝G(tie-Δt0-Δt0i)-G(tis-Δt0-Δt0i)；
S4, establishing a mapping relation between the coal positions of the coal bunkers and the coal amount, namely establishing a coal position and coal amount corresponding model of the coal type;
s5, analyzing the coal level change of each coal in the coal bunker in real time according to the state of the coal plough, the instantaneous flow of the coal feeder and the data of the coal level meter in the running process of the coal bunker; the method has the advantages that the distribution conditions of all layers of coal in the coal bunker can be obtained and displayed in real time;
the calculation process is as follows:
respectively analyzing the coal levels and the coal amounts of different coal types in the coal bunker according to different operation states of the coal bunker; in particular, the feeder instantaneous flow V when it is not operatingf＝0；
At T1At the moment, namely the adding of the coal bunker is started, one or more coal types can exist in the coal bunker; the coal types added in the bin can be the same as or different from the coal types on the uppermost layer;
at T2At the moment, namely after the bunker adding is finished, the newly added coal is positioned at the uppermost layer; when V isfWhen the coal level distribution of the lower coal type is 0, the coal level distribution of the lower coal type is unchanged; when V isfWhen the coal level is not equal to 0, the coal level of the lowest coal type is changed, and the middle coal type is not changed;
when the newly added coal type is the same as the upper coal type, only the coal level and the coal amount accumulation of the upper coal type need to be considered, and layering does not need to be considered;
when the new coal type is different from the upper coal type and only two coal types exist, the coal type is analyzed in a layering way as follows:
A. case 1: vfThe coal level of the lower coal type is not changed when the coal level is 0; obtaining the coal amount of the new coal type B through a coal bunker sub-bin metering analysis model; coal level H of new coal type B2Measuring the value of a coal level meter of a coal bunker, wherein the interface of the coal bed is HA1；
B. Case 2: vfNot equal to 0, obtaining the coal amount of the new coal feed B through a coal bunker sub-bin metering analysis model; the coal level of the newly added coal is the measurement value H of the coal level meterB2(ii) a Known as T1At that time, the amount of coal of type A is mA1Coal level HA1；T2At that time, the amount of coal of type A is mA2＝mA1-∫Vfdt; h can be obtained through a coal level coal quantity corresponding modelA2A value; the interface of the coal seam is HA2The coal types A and B are respectively arranged from bottom to top; see fig. 3;
C. case 3: vfNot equal to 0, no bin is added; the bottom coal quantity and the coal level change; the coal quantity of the upper layer is unchanged, and the coal level is changed; knowing the initial time of T1, the coal quantity m of coal type AA1Coal level HA1Amount of coal of B coal type mB1Coal level HB1(ii) a At the new T2 moment, the coal level of the B coal type is the measurement value H of the coal level meterB2(ii) a Coal quantity m of A coal speciesA2＝mA1-∫Vfdt，mB2＝mB1(ii) a H can be obtained through a coal level coal quantity corresponding modelA2A value; the interface of the coal seam is HA2The coal types A and B are respectively arranged from bottom to top; see fig. 4.
When the new coal type is different from the upper coal type and has three or more coal types, the coal type layering information can be obtained according to the same method.
2. The layered real-time monitoring method for coal types in a coal bunker as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1: the method comprises the steps that when freight (water transportation and vehicle transportation) is directly connected/shunted and loaded onto a warehouse, fuel feature codes are generated and the flow direction of fire coal is tracked during coal unloading; or when the coal is taken and loaded in a coal yard, the flow direction of the fire coal is tracked according to the working attitude (cart position, cantilever pitching and rotation angle) of the bucket wheel machine and the fuel feature code.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 is to analyze the start and end of the coal feeding process by observing the instantaneous flow rate for a period of time to prevent erroneous judgment when obtaining the readings of the electronic belt scale.
4. The method for layered real-time monitoring of coal types in a coal bunker according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 is implemented by using a test method or a geometric calculation method to establish a mapping relationship between coal positions in the coal bunker and coal quantities, i.e. a model corresponding to the coal quantities in the coal positions;
the test method comprises the following steps: loading the coal bunker when the coal bunker is empty, and establishing a mapping table by using the metering data of the electronic belt scale and the actual measurement value of the coal level height; for the known coal quantity or coal position data which is not in the mapping table, adopting an interpolation method to obtain unknown coal quantity or coal position data;
the geometric calculation method comprises the following steps: and calculating the coal storage volume of each coal level height by using the geometric shape of the coal bunker, and calculating the coal output according to the stacking density of the coal, thereby establishing a mapping table. The coal bunker is composed of a regular cylinder at the upper part and 8 conical tables with gradually increasing conicity at the lower part, as shown in figure 2; the coal level in the coal bunker has a one-to-one correspondence relationship with the coal quantity;
the volume of the ith frustum from bottom to top can be obtained by a coal bunker structure:
wherein, αi、Ri-1、hi＝Hi-Hi-1The included angle between the inner surface of the frustum of the section and the horizontal direction, the radius of the lower bottom and the height of the frustum are respectively; hi，Hi-1The height of the upper plane and the height of the lower plane of the frustum are respectively.
Setting the actual coal level height measurement value H, H E (H)i,Hi+1]Then, the coal volume of the coal bunker is determined by the following formula:
wherein h isi+1＝H-Hi；
From mi＝ρi*V(H)(ρiFor coal type bulk density) to establish different coal typesiAnd the one-to-one mapping relation with the coal level H, namely a coal type coal level coal quantity corresponding model.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911066824.8A CN110823328B (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2019-11-04 | Coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911066824.8A CN110823328B (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2019-11-04 | Coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110823328A true CN110823328A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
| CN110823328B CN110823328B (en) | 2021-05-11 |
Family
ID=69552668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911066824.8A Active CN110823328B (en) | 2019-11-04 | 2019-11-04 | Coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110823328B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112199867A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-01-08 | 华能秦煤瑞金发电有限责任公司 | System and method for automatically calculating coal type switching time in coal bunker |
| CN113189299A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-07-30 | 烟台瑞能创科能源科技有限责任公司 | Real-time online display analysis system for coal quality of coal bunker |
| CN113776616A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-10 | 华能伊春热电有限公司 | Method for improving capacity of raw coal hopper |
| CN113902311A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-07 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Coal conveying method and device |
| CN115755677A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-03-07 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司上海石洞口第二电厂 | Coal plough state monitoring and control method and system based on image recognition |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5970781A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-10-26 | Rupprecht & Patashnick Company, Inc. | In-stack direct particulate mass measurement apparatus and method |
| CN101692006A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2010-04-07 | 上海大和衡器有限公司 | Belt conveyor based multi-material belt weighing system |
| CN101839496A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-09-22 | 华中科技大学 | Method for monitoring layering interfaces of multiple coal ranks in raw coal bunker |
| CN102756923A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-10-31 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Port coal transshipment method and coal port |
| JP2014080280A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | Powder supply device and control method for powder supply amount |
| CN104765743A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 浙江大唐乌沙山发电有限责任公司 | Method and system for displaying fired coal quality in real time |
| CN105629933A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-01 | 清华大学 | Raw coal bunker coal level layered monitoring method and system and power plant decentralized control method |
| CN105758503A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-13 | 远光共创智能科技股份有限公司 | Coal handling system firing coal sub-warehouse metering system and metering method thereof |
| CN205655899U (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-10-19 | 远光共创智能科技股份有限公司 | Coal conveying system goes into coal stove and divides storehouse measurement system |
| CN107063918A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-08-18 | 山东大学 | A kind of accurate adjustable coal grain adsorption-desorption rule of parameter determines device and method |
| CN107512504A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-26 | 河北大唐国际丰润热电有限责任公司 | The system and method for silo coal position statistical monitoring |
-
2019
- 2019-11-04 CN CN201911066824.8A patent/CN110823328B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5970781A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 1999-10-26 | Rupprecht & Patashnick Company, Inc. | In-stack direct particulate mass measurement apparatus and method |
| CN101692006A (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2010-04-07 | 上海大和衡器有限公司 | Belt conveyor based multi-material belt weighing system |
| CN101839496A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-09-22 | 华中科技大学 | Method for monitoring layering interfaces of multiple coal ranks in raw coal bunker |
| CN102756923A (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2012-10-31 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Port coal transshipment method and coal port |
| JP2014080280A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-05-08 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | Powder supply device and control method for powder supply amount |
| CN104765743A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2015-07-08 | 浙江大唐乌沙山发电有限责任公司 | Method and system for displaying fired coal quality in real time |
| CN105629933A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-01 | 清华大学 | Raw coal bunker coal level layered monitoring method and system and power plant decentralized control method |
| CN105758503A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-13 | 远光共创智能科技股份有限公司 | Coal handling system firing coal sub-warehouse metering system and metering method thereof |
| CN205655899U (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-10-19 | 远光共创智能科技股份有限公司 | Coal conveying system goes into coal stove and divides storehouse measurement system |
| CN107063918A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-08-18 | 山东大学 | A kind of accurate adjustable coal grain adsorption-desorption rule of parameter determines device and method |
| CN107512504A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-12-26 | 河北大唐国际丰润热电有限责任公司 | The system and method for silo coal position statistical monitoring |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 颜炳友，元庆平: "《一采区9煤煤仓快速施工技术研究与应用》", 《山东煤炭科技》 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112199867A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-01-08 | 华能秦煤瑞金发电有限责任公司 | System and method for automatically calculating coal type switching time in coal bunker |
| CN113189299A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-07-30 | 烟台瑞能创科能源科技有限责任公司 | Real-time online display analysis system for coal quality of coal bunker |
| CN113776616A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-10 | 华能伊春热电有限公司 | Method for improving capacity of raw coal hopper |
| CN113902311A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-07 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Coal conveying method and device |
| CN113902311B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2024-05-10 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Coal conveying method and device |
| CN115755677A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-03-07 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司上海石洞口第二电厂 | Coal plough state monitoring and control method and system based on image recognition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110823328B (en) | 2021-05-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110823328B (en) | Coal bunker coal type layering real-time monitoring method | |
| CN107054911B (en) | A kind of control system and method judged automatically and eliminate run coal bin chute blockage | |
| EP0116185B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for feeding pulverised coal into an air line to a blast furnace | |
| CN102923329A (en) | Packaging device and method of a packaged object | |
| CN103449154B (en) | A kind of log detection metering device | |
| CN206735049U (en) | A kind of automatic decision and the control system for eliminating run coal bin chute blockage | |
| CN113291867A (en) | Railway open wagon rapid constant-volume loading system and method | |
| CN105758503A (en) | Coal handling system firing coal sub-warehouse metering system and metering method thereof | |
| CN207843935U (en) | A kind of coal bunker cleaning robot | |
| CN112199867A (en) | System and method for automatically calculating coal type switching time in coal bunker | |
| CN113075913B (en) | Dynamic energy-saving control method for ash conveying system of coal-fired power plant based on actual coal quality parameters | |
| CN107640609A (en) | Screw proportioning materials machine controller based on machine learning | |
| CN201545523U (en) | Single-car single-time, secondary measuring loading device | |
| CN113968492B (en) | Demand-driven intelligent conveying method for bulk materials | |
| CN104495414A (en) | Mass flow multi-coal rapid storehouse feeding system and method for multiple buffer storehouses | |
| CN100449278C (en) | Individual metering algorithm for belt conveyer | |
| CN107512504B (en) | System and method for statistical monitoring of coal level for silo | |
| CN206724217U (en) | A kind of dustless biomass fuel induction system of vertical storehouse formula | |
| CN203545091U (en) | Timber testing and measuring device | |
| CN213182751U (en) | Automatic calculating device for coal type switching time in coal bunker | |
| CN114524297A (en) | Bulk grain loading train intelligent system based on laser ranging technology | |
| CN116351547A (en) | Intelligent medium adding method and system for coal preparation plant | |
| CN112258125B (en) | Multi-material dynamic collaborative management system and method based on Euro bin | |
| KR100986774B1 (en) | Method, apparatus, and recording medium for discriminating coal species and supply point of coal fuel | |
| CN104444443A (en) | Automatic quantitative delivery control device for train and automatic quantitative delivery control method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20200507 Address after: 310000 Building 5, No. 2159-1 Yuhangtang Road, Wuchang Street, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Applicant after: ZHEJIANG ENERGY GROUP Research Institute Applicant after: HANGZHOU JIYI TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 310000 1501, room 6, 8, teaching and construction road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Applicant before: HANGZHOU JIYI TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |