CN110821453B - Gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on three-dimensional geological numerical model - Google Patents
Gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on three-dimensional geological numerical model Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model, which comprises the following steps: digitizing the three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir to obtain a numerical model, and initializing the numerical model; carrying out reserve fitting on the numerical model according to geological stratification to obtain a full-region model reserve P; bringing production data of the production well which is put into production into a numerical model after reserve fitting, and establishing a dynamic model of the oil reservoir; performing history fitting; four sets of schemes are designed, and the indexes of the schemes are compared according to the workload and the yield of each scheme. The invention aims to provide a design method of a gas injection oil reservoir development scheme based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model, which aims to solve the problems that the gas injection development scheme of an oil field has large errors and influences the later-period productivity due to errors of the geological model in the prior art and realize the purpose of improving the design accuracy of the gas injection development scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil reservoir development, in particular to a gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model.
Background
The oil field development scheme is a key technical means for influencing the extraction degree of an oil field, and directly influences the output rule and the total output of the oil field. For oil fields with secondary or tertiary recovery, the design of adjusting development schemes is more important, and the design is directly related to the sustainability of the capacity of the oil fields. In the prior art, for oil fields which are exploited for the second time or the third time, because a large amount of drilling data which are developed at the early stage are already available and geological data are abundant, the oil fields are used to perfecting a three-dimensional geological model based on the geological data, and a later-stage development scheme is directly designed according to the three-dimensional geological model. The idea of the design mode is based on the existing inference that the precision of the geological model is extremely high, once the built geological model has errors, the errors of the development scheme are easily caused, the errors are difficult to judge, and the actual productivity and the design productivity are found only when obvious difference occurs in the later development process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design method of a gas injection oil reservoir development scheme based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model, which aims to solve the problems that the gas injection development scheme of an oil field has large errors and influences the later-period productivity due to errors of the geological model in the prior art and realize the purpose of improving the design accuracy of the gas injection development scheme.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on the three-dimensional geological numerical model comprises the following steps:
s1, digitizing the reservoir three-dimensional geological model to obtain a numerical model, and initializing the numerical model;
s2, carrying out reserve quantity fitting on the numerical model according to geological stratification to obtain a whole-region model reserve quantity P;
s3, bringing the production data of the production well which is put into production into a numerical model after reserve fitting, and establishing a dynamic model of the oil reservoir;
s4, history fitting: if the single well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%, entering the next step; if the single-well fitting success rate is less than 80%, adjusting the model parameters until the single-well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%;
s5, designing four sets of schemes, predicting workload and yield according to each scheme, and comparing indexes among the schemes;
scheme 1: the existing old well is continuously utilized for production, and no production increasing work is carried out;
scheme 2: deploying N mouths of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using the P reserves on the basis of maintaining the production of the old well, and developing by using natural energy;
scheme 3: deploying N ports of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using the P reserve on the basis of maintaining the production of the old well, and adopting water injection development to transfer M ports of the new well;
scheme 4: deploying N mouths of new wells by using the P reserves according to the distribution of residual oil on the basis of maintaining the production of old wells, and adopting gas injection development to transfer M mouths of wells;
n, M are all natural numbers.
In the prior art, the design idea of the gas injection development scheme is established on the premise that the precision of the existing geological model is extremely high, once the established geological model has errors, the development scheme is easy to have errors, and the errors are difficult to judge, and can be found only when the actual productivity and the design productivity are obviously different in the later development process. Therefore, the invention provides a gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model, which effectively fits the model by means of the numerical method of the geological model, and the scheme design is not carried out until the fitting success rate is high enough. In addition, the scheme design in the application is used for predicting the workload and the yield in four different development modes. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of firstly digitizing a three-dimensional geological model of a reservoir to obtain a numerical model, and initializing the numerical model; then carrying out reserve fitting on the numerical model according to geological stratification to obtain a whole-region model reserve P; wherein the total model reserves P are theoretical reserves obtained by reserve fitting; then, based on the numerical model after the reserves are fitted, dynamic modeling is carried out, namely, the production data of the production well which is put into production are brought into the numerical model after the reserves are fitted; and performing history fitting according to the obtained dynamic model. History fitting is the process of using the actual development dynamics of the field to examine, correct and perfect a static reservoir geological model. After the oil reservoir model is established, whether the oil reservoir model can reflect the reality of the oil reservoir or not can be determined, and only if the production and injection historical data are input into the model and a proper oil reservoir simulator is operated, and then the calculation result is compared with the actual dynamics (daily output, daily injection quantity, flow pressure, static pressure, production and absorption profile and other data) of the oil reservoir, whether the oil reservoir description result adopted by the model is effective or not can be determined. If the result of the simulator calculation is very different from the actual dynamic state of the reservoir, the basic data input into the model must be continuously adjusted until the dynamic state calculated by the simulator is matched with the actual dynamic state of the reservoir. In the method, if the single-well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%, the next step is carried out; and if the single-well fitting success rate is less than 80%, adjusting the model parameters until the single-well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%. When the historical fitting data meets the condition that the single well fitting success rate is equal to or more than 80%, the development scheme design can be carried out on the basis of the numerical model. The scheme design in the application is not limited to the gas injection development mode, but is comprehensively considered, and multiple development modes are compared, so that the optimal development scheme is favorably obtained. Specifically, scheme 1 is to continue to utilize the existing old well to produce, and not to carry out any production increasing work; scheme 2 is that P reserves are used, N mouths of a new well are deployed according to the distribution of residual oil on the basis of maintaining the production of an old well, and natural energy is utilized for development; scheme 3, deploying N ports of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using P reserves on the basis of maintaining the production of an old well, and adopting water injection development to transfer M ports of a well; scheme 4 is to use P reserves to deploy N ports of new wells based on remaining oil distribution and to adopt gas injection development to transfer M ports of wells on the basis of maintaining production of old wells. It can be seen that the scheme of not increasing production of maintaining the current situation, the scheme of not carrying out artifical displacement in the encryption well pattern overall arrangement, the scheme of encryption well pattern overall arrangement and carrying out water injection displacement, the scheme of encryption well pattern overall arrangement and carrying out gas injection displacement have been considered respectively to four kinds of schemes of this application. Through the comparison of the four schemes, the skilled person can select the development scheme most suitable for the oil field to implement. The method solves the problem that the uncertainty of the oil field gas injection development scheme influences the later-period productivity due to the error of the geological model in the prior art, and achieves the purpose of improving the design accuracy of the gas injection development scheme.
Further, the method for initializing the numerical model comprises the following steps: and assigning the pressure and saturation parameters to a numerical model, and carrying out normalization processing on the relative permeability curve of each rock sample.
Further, step S2, comparing the obtained total region model reserves P with the geological reserves, where the error is within 10%; and if the error is larger than 10%, adjusting the numerical model initialization parameters until the error meets the requirement.
Further, the history fitting in step S4 includes a block fitting and a single well fitting; the block fitting comprises daily oil production, daily water production, daily gas production and daily water injection amount; and the single-well fitting comprises single-well daily water production and single-well daily gas production.
Further, the adjusting object for adjusting the model parameters in step S4 includes: compression factor, permeability of grid nodes, saturation endpoint values of relative permeability curves, relative permeability values of oil and water phases, conductivity between grid blocks, skin factor, interlayer flow coefficient. Through adjustment, the fitting achieves the expected purpose, namely the single-well fitting success rate is up to more than 80%.
Furthermore, the index of the comparison among the schemes is the geological reserve extraction degree.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on the three-dimensional geological numerical model effectively fits the model by means of the numerical mode of the geological model, and scheme design is not carried out until the success rate of fitting is high enough.
2. The invention relates to a gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model, wherein a scheme of maintaining the current situation without increasing production, a scheme of encrypting a well pattern layout but not performing artificial displacement, a scheme of encrypting the well pattern layout and performing water injection displacement, and a scheme of encrypting the well pattern layout and performing gas injection displacement are respectively considered in the four schemes; through the comparison of the four schemes, the skilled person can select the development scheme most suitable for the oil field to implement.
3. The gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on the three-dimensional geological numerical model overcomes the defect that the uncertainty of the oil field gas injection development scheme influences the later-period productivity due to the error of the geological model in the prior art, and achieves the purpose of improving the design accuracy of the gas injection development scheme.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a plot of the permeability of 10 rock samples according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a normalized facies permeability curve for 10 rock samples in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a well site deployment of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a predicted yield for embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a well site deployment of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a yield prediction of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a 3 well site deployment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a yield prediction of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a well site deployment of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a scenario 4 yield prediction in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional comparison of yield predictions for various recipes in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
The design method of the gas injection oil reservoir development scheme based on the three-dimensional geological numerical model comprises the following steps:
s1, digitizing the reservoir three-dimensional geological model to obtain a numerical model, and initializing the numerical model;
the digital-to-analog model in this embodiment is established on the basis of a reservoir 3D geological model: eclipse100 of Schlumberger company is selected for carrying out numerical simulation research on a certain oil field, and a three-dimensional three-phase black oil model is selected on a plane: 136 × 190, 50m × 50m, in the longitudinal direction: 25 layers, wherein 9 oil layers, 16 interlayers and the total node number of the grid are as follows: 136 × 190 × 25 ═ 646000.
The process of model initialization is the process of pressure, saturation and other parameter assignment. The oil field is a low-amplitude lithologic oil reservoir, the oil-water relationship is complex, the oil-water interface is not uniform, the relative permeability curves of 10 rock samples of a certain well are normalized by using an SCAL module of ECLIPSE, and the relative permeability curves are respectively shown in figures 1 and 2 before and after the normalization treatment.
S2, carrying out reserve quantity fitting on the numerical model according to geological stratification to obtain a whole-region model reserve quantity P;
in the embodiment, reserves are partitioned for the model according to geological stratification, the reserves P of the model in the whole region is 33.88MMbbl through reserve fitting, the error of the reserves in the partitions is 1% -6.99%, the average is 1.42%, and the fitting accuracy is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 oil field reserves calculation table
S3, bringing the production data of the production well which is put into production into a numerical model after reserve fitting, and establishing a dynamic model of the oil reservoir;
according to the production month reports and perforation measure data of 9 oil wells in the oil field from production to 2017 and 2 months, the time step is 1 month, and a dynamic model of the oil reservoir is established.
S4, history fitting: if the single well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%, entering the next step; if the single-well fitting success rate is less than 80%, adjusting the model parameters until the single-well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%;
the oil field belongs to a structural lithologic oil reservoir, the oil reservoir type and the seepage mechanism of the oil field are suitable for Eclipse100 type software, and the software has the advantages of high calculation speed, good stability and strong front and back processing functions, and can meet the requirement of the numerical simulation research.
History fitting is the process of using the actual development dynamics of the field to examine, correct and perfect the static reservoir geological model. After the oil reservoir model is established, whether the oil reservoir model can reflect the reality of the oil reservoir or not is checked, and only if the historical data of production and injection is input into the model and a proper oil reservoir simulator is operated, and then the calculation result is compared with the actual dynamics (daily output, daily injection quantity, flow pressure, static pressure, production and absorption profile and other data) of the oil reservoir, whether the oil reservoir description result adopted by the model is effective or not can be determined. If the result of the simulator calculation is very different from the actual dynamic state of the reservoir, the basic data input into the model must be continuously adjusted until the dynamic state calculated by the simulator is matched with the actual dynamic state of the reservoir. The history fitting includes block fitting and single well fitting. The method comprises the steps of firstly fitting the daily yield and the accumulative yield of the oil field, including daily oil production, daily water production, daily gas production and daily water injection quantity, and secondly fitting the daily water production and the daily gas production of a single well.
This example was fitted to water-bearing, daily oil production for an oil field and a single well. The principle of fitting adjustment is as follows: integral and single well; from the whole to the local, firstly regulating the parameters integrally and then regulating the parameters locally; the comprehensive water content fitting of the oil field is based on an oil layer group and takes the adjustment of relative permeability as a main means; in the parameter adjustment, the interior of each deposition phase is relatively uniform. The objects to be adjusted are compression coefficient, permeability of grid nodes, saturation end point value of relative permeability curve, relative permeability value of oil and water phase, conductivity between grid blocks, skin factor, interlayer flow coefficient and the like. The expected purpose is achieved through adjustment and fitting, and the single well fitting success rate is up to more than 80%.
S5, designing four sets of schemes, predicting workload and yield according to each scheme, and comparing indexes among the schemes;
scheme 1: the existing old well is continuously utilized for production, and no production increasing work is carried out;
scheme 2: deploying N mouths of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using the P reserves on the basis of maintaining the production of the old well, and developing by using natural energy;
scheme 3: deploying N ports of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using the P reserve on the basis of maintaining the production of the old well, and adopting water injection development to transfer M ports of the new well;
scheme 4: deploying N mouths of new wells by using the P reserves according to the distribution of residual oil on the basis of maintaining the production of old wells, and adopting gas injection development to transfer M mouths of wells;
n, M are all natural numbers.
Wherein:
the scheme 1 utilizes P reserves, utilizes the existing old well, produces natural energy, and does not carry out the work of drilling investment, measure operation and the like subsequently. The well pattern is shown in fig. 3, and the annual workload is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 plan 1 annual workload summary sheet
In the scheme 1, only 9 existing wells in the oil field are used for production, and due to subsequent operation without measures, after the yield peak is reached in 2014, the yield is gradually reduced, and the yield in the subsequent years is shown in figure 4. The scheme utilizes geological reserves 34.39MMbbl, accumulated oil production 3.06MMbbl and geological reserves production degree 8.9%.
TABLE 3 plan 2 minutes annual workload summary table
Scheme 3 utilizes P level geology reserves 34.39MMbbl, deploys 9 new wells totally, utilizes current old well 9, and the follow-up investment workloads such as supporting laying pipeline, exploratory well still adopt water injection development, and the later stage is transferred and is annotated 5 wells in succession. The well pattern is shown in fig. 7, and the annual workload is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 summary of 3-year-round workload tables for schemes
Scheme 3, producing 9 newly drilled wells, producing 18 wells, developing by water injection, continuously transferring 5 oil wells in 2019, reaching a yield peak of 0.56MMbbl in 2019, gradually decreasing the yield, and showing the yield in the subsequent year in figure 8. According to the scheme, the geological reserve 34.39MMbbl is used, the oil production is accumulated to be 6.36MMbbl, and the geological reserve extraction degree is 18.49%.
Scheme 4 utilizes P-level geological reserves 34.39MMbbl, deploys 9 new wells, utilizes 9 existing old wells, and subsequently also adopts investment workloads such as matched pipeline laying, exploratory well and the like, adopts gas injection development, and continuously injects 5 gas wells from 2019. The well pattern is shown in fig. 9, and the annual workload is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 plan 4 min annual workload summary sheet
In the scheme, 9 wells are drilled, 18 wells are produced, gas injection development is carried out, 5 wells of the gas well are sequentially injected in 2019, the yield peak is 1.09MMbbl in 2022, the yield is gradually reduced, and the yield in the subsequent year is shown in figure 10. The scheme uses geological reserves 34.39MMbbl, accumulated oil 10.89MMbbl and geological reserves production degree 31.67%.
In particular, in the four schemes, data in 2018 are historical actual data, and data from 2019 are simulation data obtained under different development schemes after history fitting.
The workload and yield were predicted according to the above schemes to complete the index comparison table for each scheme, see table 6 and fig. 11. From the comparison situation, the gas injection development extraction degree can be improved by 18 percent compared with the development depending on natural energy and improved by 13 percent compared with the water injection development, and the yield increasing effect is obvious.
Table 6 comparison table of each development scheme
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The gas injection oil reservoir development scheme design method based on the three-dimensional geological numerical model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, digitizing the reservoir three-dimensional geological model to obtain a numerical model, and initializing the numerical model;
s2, carrying out reserve quantity fitting on the numerical model according to geological stratification to obtain a whole-region model reserve quantity P;
s3, bringing the production data of the production well which is put into production into a numerical model after reserve fitting, and establishing a dynamic model of the oil reservoir;
s4, history fitting: if the single well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%, entering the next step; if the single-well fitting success rate is less than 80%, adjusting the model parameters until the single-well fitting success rate is equal to or greater than 80%;
s5, designing four sets of schemes, predicting workload and yield according to each scheme, and comparing indexes among the schemes;
scheme 1: the existing old well is continuously utilized for production, and no production increasing work is carried out;
scheme 2: deploying N mouths of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using the P reserves on the basis of maintaining the production of the old well, and developing by using natural energy;
scheme 3: deploying N ports of a new well according to the distribution of residual oil by using the P reserve on the basis of maintaining the production of the old well, and adopting water injection development to transfer M ports of the new well;
scheme 4: deploying N mouths of new wells by using the P reserves according to the distribution of residual oil on the basis of maintaining the production of old wells, and adopting gas injection development to transfer M mouths of wells;
n, M are all natural numbers.
2. The method for designing a gas injection reservoir development scheme based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model according to claim 1, wherein the method for initializing the numerical model comprises the following steps: and assigning the pressure and saturation parameters to a numerical model, and carrying out normalization processing on the relative permeability curve of each rock sample.
3. The method for designing a gas injection reservoir development scheme based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 further comprises comparing the obtained whole region model reserves P with geological reserves, wherein the error is within 10%; and if the error is larger than 10%, adjusting the numerical model initialization parameters until the error meets the requirement.
4. The three-dimensional geological numerical model-based gas injection reservoir development scheme design method according to claim 1, wherein the history fitting in step S4 comprises block fitting and single well fitting; the block fitting comprises daily oil production, daily water production, daily gas production and daily water injection amount; and the single-well fitting comprises single-well daily water production and single-well daily gas production.
5. The method for designing a gas injection reservoir development plan based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 of adjusting the object of model parameter adjustment comprises: compression factor, permeability of grid nodes, saturation endpoint values of relative permeability curves, relative permeability values of oil and water phases, conductivity between grid blocks, skin factor, interlayer flow coefficient.
6. The method for designing a gas injection reservoir development scheme based on a three-dimensional geological numerical model according to claim 1, wherein the index for comparison among schemes is the geological reserve production degree.
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