CN110821434B - Self-tightening claw, retractable reducing fishing tool and method - Google Patents
Self-tightening claw, retractable reducing fishing tool and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110821434B CN110821434B CN201911095032.3A CN201911095032A CN110821434B CN 110821434 B CN110821434 B CN 110821434B CN 201911095032 A CN201911095032 A CN 201911095032A CN 110821434 B CN110821434 B CN 110821434B
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- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
- E21B31/12—Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs
- E21B31/18—Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs gripping externally, e.g. overshot
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
- E21B31/12—Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs
- E21B31/20—Grappling tools, e.g. tongs or grabs gripping internally, e.g. fishing spears
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a self-tightening claw, a retractable reducing fishing tool and a method, which belong to the technical field of downhole grabbing and fishing tools, and the self-tightening claw comprises the following components: a chuck having a plurality of jaws; self-tightening slips; a guide rail; the elastic force of the elastic part is larger than the gravity of the self-tightening slip, and the thickness of the self-tightening slip and the jaw superposition can be gradually increased in the relative sliding process, so that the object to be fished is ensured. The invention can realize inner fishing and outer fishing through the matched movable claw and slips, has low shape requirement on the to-be-fished object, can realize repeated underground operation, and achieves the purposes of improving the fishing success rate and reducing the operation cost. The self-tightening claw can grab the salvaging tool which can withdraw, can change the diameter and can be operated repeatedly to solve the problems, and has high salvaging success rate and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of downhole fishing tools, and particularly relates to a self-tightening claw, a retractable reducing fishing tool and a method.
Background
In the oil-gas field exploration, development and maintenance process, particularly in the well repair process, due to the fact that certain wells are long in time and pass through shaft operations for many times successively, materials to be fished in the wells are incomplete, the shapes of falling objects are judged to be different by printing, the shapes of non-standard cylinders or cylinder shapes are different, the sizes of the inner diameter and the outer diameter are different, the shapes of the upper end faces of the falling object fish heads can only be judged by printing, the shapes of the falling object bodies are difficult to estimate, and the salvaging is difficult to achieve through the existing salvaging tools.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-tightening claw, a retractable reducing fishing tool and a method, and aims to solve the problems that in the process of oil and gas field exploration, development and maintenance, particularly in the process of well repair, due to long time of certain wells and repeated shaft operation, materials to be fished in the wells are incomplete, the shapes of objects to be fished are judged to be different by stamping, the shapes of non-standard cylinders or cylinders are different, the sizes of the inner diameter and the outer diameter are different, the shape of the upper end face of the object fish head can only be judged by stamping, the shape of the object fish body is difficult to estimate, and the salvaging is difficult to realize by the existing fishing tool.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a self-tightening jaw comprising:
a chuck having a plurality of jaws;
self-tightening slips;
a guide rail;
the elastic force of the elastic part is larger than the gravity of the self-tightening slip;
the guide rail is arranged on the clamping jaw of the clamping chuck, the guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the clamping jaw, the self-tightening slips are in sliding connection with the clamping jaw through the guide rail, the sliding direction of the self-tightening slips is from the inner side of the clamping jaw to the tip of the clamping jaw, the working face of the self-tightening slips is positioned on the outer side of the clamping chuck or the inner side of the clamping chuck, and when the self-tightening slips move from the inner side of the clamping jaw to the tip of the clamping jaw, the positions of the end parts of the clamping jaw are gradually increased in thickness of the self-tightening slips and the clamping jaw in a superposition manner.
The guide rail is a groove on the claw and a blocking body at the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove is in sliding connection with the blocking body, the cross section outline of the groove is matched with the cross section outline of the blocking body, and the width of the bottom of the groove is larger than that of the opening of the groove.
The guide rail is a groove positioned on the clamping jaw and a blocking body positioned at the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove is in sliding connection with the blocking body, the section profile of the groove is convex, and the section profile of the blocking body is matched with the groove.
The self-tightening slips are self-tightening outer or inner fishing slips, and a plurality of small teeth are distributed on the working surface of the self-tightening outer or inner fishing slips in an arrayed manner.
The self-tightening slip is a self-tightening outer fishing slip, the self-tightening outer fishing slip is arranged on one surface of the clamping jaw on the inner side of the chuck, one surface of the clamping jaw on the outer side of the chuck is in a convex arc shape, and the working surface of the self-tightening outer fishing slip is in a concave arc shape; or (b)
The self-tightening slips are self-tightening internal fishing slips, the self-tightening internal fishing slips are arranged on one sides of the clamping jaws on the outer side of the clamping chuck, when the clamping jaws are close to the middle of the clamping chuck, adjacent clamping jaws are tightly attached to each other, the middle parts of the clamping jaws enclose a central hole, and the working surface of the self-tightening internal fishing slips is in a convex arc shape.
The jack catch tip has first spacing portion, have second spacing portion in the middle of the self-tightening slips, first spacing portion with second spacing portion is used for preventing the self-tightening slips roll-off the jack catch, elastic component establishes first spacing portion with between the second spacing portion, elastic component's elasticity release direction will the second spacing portion of self-tightening slips is kept away from the first spacing portion of jack catch.
In the length direction of the self-tightening slip, the thickness of the self-tightening slip is gradually increased from one end to the other end, the thicker end is positioned on the inner side of the clamping jaw, and the thinner end is positioned on one side of the end part of the clamping jaw; and/or
The thickness of the jaws of the chuck gradually increases from the interior of the jaw jaws to the tips of the jaw jaws.
A retractable reducing fishing tool comprising:
a housing;
sealing the motor;
any one of the self-tightening claws described above;
the body of the sealing motor is positioned in the shell, the sealing motor is fixed with the shell, the body of the self-tightening claw is fixed at the end part of the shell, and the sealing motor is in transmission connection with the chuck of the self-tightening claw.
The novel electric cable comprises a shell, a connecting short circuit, a driving short section and a rotating shaft sleeve, wherein the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, the driving short section comprises a sealing motor, a fixing plate and a planetary reducer, and the sealing motor is fixed in the upper shell through the fixing plate; the middle part of the chuck is provided with a through hole, the chuck comprises a transmission disc, a claw and a chuck shell, one surface of the transmission disc is provided with a chuck spiral groove, the chuck shell is provided with a guide groove for guiding the claw to move towards the center, the claw is arranged in the guide groove, and the transmission disc is meshed with the claw through the chuck spiral groove; the rotary shaft sleeve comprises a cone, a cylinder body and a transmission disc, the cone is integrally connected with the transmission disc through the cylinder body, a connecting short joint is connected with a driving short joint, the driving short joint is in transmission connection with the rotary shaft sleeve, the rotary shaft sleeve is in rotary connection with the chuck shell, the driving end of the sealing motor is in transmission connection with the cone through a planetary reducer, a central tube is fixed on the chuck shell and is fixed with the lower shell through the chuck shell, one end of the central tube stretches into the rotary shaft sleeve, and the central tube is in rotary connection with the rotary shaft sleeve; the cable is electrically connected with the sealed motor through a connecting short circuit; the side wall of the cylinder body is provided with a hole, the through hole is communicated with the cylinder body through the central tube, and the cylinder body is communicated with the connecting short circuit through the hole and through a gap between the sealing motor and the upper shell.
A retractable reducing salvaging method comprises the following steps:
step one: preparation tool string
Firstly judging whether the underground object to be fished is of an inner fishing type or an outer fishing type according to the data, if the data is incomplete, printing a seal, judging, installing a movable claw and a self-tightening slip which are matched with each other for a retractable reducing fishing tool, and then, the tool string from top to bottom is as follows: the continuous oil pipe of the inner penetrating cable is connected with a connecting nipple at the upper end of the retractable reducing fishing tool and is connected with the cable;
step two: fish finding roof
Firstly, conducting well flushing before the fishing tool is put into the well;
if the object to be fished is an external fishing type, starting a sealing motor to rotate forward to retract an external fishing movable claw to a minimum state, then using a continuous oil pipe to lower a tool to the upper end of the object to be fished, and probing the fish top, wherein the external fishing movable claw is a movable claw provided with an external fishing movable slip at the inner side of the claw;
if the object to be fished is an inner fishing type, starting a sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand an inner fishing movable claw to a larger state but not exceeding a chuck, then using a continuous oil pipe to lower a tool to the upper end of the object to be fished, and probing the fish top, wherein the inner fishing movable claw is a movable claw provided with an inner fishing movable slip at the outer side of the claw;
step three: flushing fish
If the object to be fished is an external fishing type, lifting the fishing tool for a small distance after the fish top is detected, starting the sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand the external fishing movable claw to a maximum state, flushing the fish top and the fish neck for a period of time with large discharge capacity, then pressing and putting the fish top and the fish neck into the fishing tool, wherein the putting distance exceeds the small distance of the fish lifting and fishing tool, and then enabling the sealing motor to positively rotate to shrink the external fishing movable claw to be extremely, so as to grasp the fish neck;
if the object to be fished is an inner fishing type, lifting the fishing tool for a small distance after the fish top is detected, flushing the fish top and the fish neck for a period of time with large displacement, starting the sealing motor to rotate forward to shrink the inner fishing movable claw to a minimum state, then pressurizing and putting the inner fishing movable claw into the fishing tool, wherein the putting distance exceeds the small distance of lifting the fishing tool, and starting the sealing motor to rotate reversely to expand the inner fishing movable claw to be extreme, and grabbing the fish neck;
step four: lifting and salvaging
If the object to be fished is the outer object to be fished, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the suspended weight is changed, and if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, and if the object to be fished is not fished from the suspended weight, taking out the coiled tubing for checking. If the weight of the object to be fished or the object to be fished is in a clamping state, the object to be fished can be judged to be grabbed from the suspended weight, the object to be fished is lifted upwards, if the object to be fished is lifted still, the object to be fished is judged to be in a clamping state, the sealing motor can be started to reversely rotate to expand the outer fishing movable claw under the condition of pressing down the continuous oil pipe, then the object to be fished is lifted upwards to withdraw from the fish neck, then the object to be fished can be rapidly lifted upwards to lower the fishing tool to be fished, the object to be fished is unclamped in a smashing mode, and then the third step and the fourth step are repeated; if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third step and the fourth step until the suspended weight is grasped;
if the object to be fished is internal fished, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the suspended weight is changed, and if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, and if the object to be fished is not fished from the suspended weight, taking out the coiled tubing for checking. If the object to be fished is heavy or is in a clamping state, the object to be fished can be judged to be grabbed from the suspended weight, lifting and salvaging are carried out, if the object to be fished is not lifted, and is judged to be in a clamping state, under the condition of pressing down the continuous oil pipe, the sealing motor is started to rotate forwards to shrink the inner fishing movable claw to a minimum state, then the object to be fished is lifted and exits from the fish neck, then the sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand the inner fishing movable claw to a maximum state, the object to be fished is rapidly lifted and lowered, the inner cavity mouth of the fish roof of the object to be fished is prevented from being damaged by smashing and the third and fourth steps are repeated; and (3) if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third and fourth steps until the suspended weight is grasped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the inner fishing and the outer fishing can be realized through the matched movable claw and the slips, the shape requirement on the to-be-fished object is low, the underground repeated operation can be realized, and the purposes of improving the fishing success rate and reducing the operation cost are achieved. The self-tightening claw can grab the salvaging tool which can withdraw, can change the diameter and can be operated repeatedly to solve the problems, and has high salvaging success rate and wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a retractable variable diameter fishing tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the outer bailing movable jaw;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the inner bailing movable jaw;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a retractable variable diameter fishing tool with an outer fishing movable jaw mounted thereon;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a retractable variable diameter fishing tool with an inner fishing movable jaw mounted thereon.
Marked in the figure as: 1. a cable; 2. connecting and shorting; 3. driving the pup joint; 4. sealing the motor; 5. a fixing plate; 6. a planetary reducer; 7. a cone; 8. a hole; 9. rotating the shaft sleeve; 10. a housing; 11. a central tube; 12. the movable claw is fished out; 13. a bolt; 14. a drive plate; 15. a chuck; 16. self-tightening outer fishing slips; 17. a blocking body; 18. an elastic part; 19. a screw; 20. inner fishing movable claw; 21. self-tightening inner fishing slip.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the self-tightening jaw, the retractable reducing fishing tool and the method scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention through a plurality of specific embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, there is shown a schematic structural diagram of a self-tightening jaw according to the present invention, the self-tightening jaw includes:
a chuck 15, the chuck 15 having a plurality of jaws;
self-tightening slips;
a guide rail;
the elastic force of the elastic part is larger than the gravity of the self-tightening slip;
the guide rail is arranged on the clamping jaw of the chuck 15, the guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the clamping jaw, the self-tightening slips are in sliding connection with the clamping jaw through the guide rail, the sliding direction of the self-tightening slips is from the inner side of the clamping jaw to the tip of the clamping jaw, the working face of the self-tightening slips is positioned on the outer side of the chuck 15 or the inner side of the chuck 15, and when the self-tightening slips move from the inner side of the clamping jaw to the tip of the clamping jaw, the positions of the end parts of the clamping jaw are gradually increased in thickness of the self-tightening slips and the clamping jaw in a superposition manner.
In the above embodiment, the chuck 15 is a chuck known in the prior art, such as a chuck section on a lathe, the chuck 15 is provided with a claw, the claw can be opened or contracted under the driving of the chuck, the chuck 15 is driven to open or contract to grab and salvage the fish, the self-tightening slips are installed on the claw to grab and salvage the fish with a firm force, as shown in fig. 1, the self-tightening slips have a self-locking function, in the embodiment, the self-tightening slips are slidably connected on the claw, the self-tightening slips are tightly attached to and grab the fish by adopting the self-tightening slips, the self-tightening slips are arranged to be slidable along the gravity direction of the fish, when the self-tightening slips slide along the gravity direction of the fish, the self-tightening slips shrink toward the central shaft of the chuck due to the sliding direction of the sliding rail or gradually thin up and down thickness of the self-tightening slips, so that after the self-tightening slips slide toward the end of the claw under the driving of the fish pulling force, the self-tightening slips gradually decrease the distance between the plurality of self-tightening slips, and the self-tightening slips can grab the fish more firmly. In design, an elastic part 18 is arranged between the self-tightening slip and the claw, and the elastic part 18 lifts the self-tightening slip, so that the self-tightening slip has a space capable of sliding downwards.
Example 2
Further, referring to fig. 3, in another embodiment of the self-tightening jaw of the present invention, the guide rail is a groove on the jaw and a blocking body 17 at the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove is slidably connected with the blocking body 17, the cross-sectional profile of the groove is matched with the cross-sectional profile of the blocking body 17, and the width of the bottom of the groove is greater than the width of the mouth of the groove.
In the above embodiment, the guide rail is adopted to slidingly connect the self-tightening slips and the claws, when the guide rail is arranged, the function of the guide rail is realized by adopting the matching of the grooves and the blocking bodies 17, and the grooves and the blocking bodies 17 can save connecting components, so that the connection between the self-tightening slips and the claws is more firm and durable, and the self-tightening slips and the claws are prevented from sliding out from the side surfaces, so that the bottoms of the grooves are wider than the opening parts of the grooves, and the connection between the self-tightening slips and the claws is firm.
Example 3
Further, referring to fig. 3, in another embodiment of the self-tightening jaw of the present invention, the guide rail is a groove located on the jaw and a blocking body 17 located at the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove is slidably connected with the blocking body 17, the cross-section profile of the groove is a "convex" shape, and the cross-section profile of the blocking body 17 is matched with the groove.
In the above embodiment, the guide rail is adopted to slidingly connect the self-tightening slips and the claws, when the guide rail is arranged, the function of the guide rail is realized by adopting the matching of the grooves and the blocking bodies 17, the connecting parts can be saved by adopting the grooves and the blocking bodies 17, so that the connection between the self-tightening slips and the claws is more firm and durable, the bottoms of the grooves are set to be convex in order to prevent the self-tightening slips and the claws from sliding out from the side surfaces, and the blocking bodies 17 are reversely convex and can be stably matched.
Further, the blocking body 17 is fixed at the lower end of the claw through a screw, the blocking body 17 is provided with a first limiting surface, the first limiting surface faces into the claw, the self-tightening slip is provided with a second limiting surface, the second limiting surface faces into the claw tip, a distance is reserved between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface, the first limiting surface faces against the second limiting surface, an elastic part is reserved between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface, and when the blocking body 17 moves from the claw to the claw tip to the lowest end through the track, the first limiting surface contacts with the second limiting surface.
The blocking body is fixed at the bottom of the claw groove through a screw, the upper end of the blocking body props against the lower end of the elastic part, and the upper end of the elastic part props against the bulge matched with the groove on the non-working surface of the self-tightening slip. The function of this kind of design is that under the circumstances that guarantees that self-tightening slips have certain activity space, prevent that self-tightening slips from slip out from slip recess bottom.
Example 4
Further, referring to fig. 3, in another embodiment of the self-tightening claw of the present invention, the upper surface of the self-tightening slip is arc-shaped, the self-tightening slip is a self-tightening outer fishing slip 16 or a self-tightening inner fishing slip 21, and a plurality of small teeth are arranged on the working surface of the self-tightening outer fishing slip 16 or the self-tightening inner fishing slip 21.
The self-tightening slips are self-tightening outer fishing slips 16, the self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 are arranged on one surface of the clamping jaw on the inner side of the chuck 15, one surface of the clamping jaw on the outer side of the chuck 15 is in a convex arc shape, and the working surface of the self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 is in a concave arc shape; or (b)
The self-tightening slips are self-tightening inner fishing slips 21, the self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 are arranged on one sides of the clamping jaws on the outer side of the clamping chuck 15, when the clamping jaws are close to the middle of the clamping chuck 15, adjacent clamping jaws are tightly attached to each other, the middle parts of the clamping jaws enclose a central hole, and the working face of the self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 is in a convex arc shape.
In the above embodiment, the upper surface of the self-tightening slip is arc-shaped, and the preferred arc is a part of the side surface of the circular truncated cone, and because the upper bottom of the circular truncated cone is smaller than the lower bottom, the side surface of the circular truncated cone has a certain radian, and the upper surface of the self-tightening slip is a part of the side surface of the circular truncated cone, the thicknesses of the self-tightening slips are different in linear distance, so that the greater the pulling force of the self-tightening slip under the pulling of the fish, the greater the grasping force between the self-tightening slip and the fish, and the self-locking function is realized.
The self-tightening slips are divided into self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 or self-tightening inner fishing slips 21, the self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 are arranged on one side of the inner sides of the clamping jaws, the plurality of self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 can grab the fish, the self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 are pulled by the fish, the distance between the plurality of self-tightening outer fishing slips 16 can be gradually reduced, and accordingly the fish can be grabbed and self-locked and grabbed. In this self-tightening process, when the plurality of self-tightening outer bailing slips 16 move downward, the self-tightening outer bailing slips 16 are in a contracted state, and the manner of obtaining this state is shown in fig. 2, in which the self-tightening outer bailing slips 16 slide on an inclined plane that gradually contracts inward, and the plurality of self-tightening outer bailing slips 16 can gradually contract inward to generate self-tightening force due to the inclination of the inclined plane.
The self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 are arranged on the outer side surfaces of the clamping jaws, the self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 can extend into the inner wall of the cylindrical fish, the clamping jaws act on the inner wall of the fish after being expanded outwards, when the self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 are pulled by the fish to move downwards, the distance between the self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 can be increased, and further the self-tightening inner fishing slips 21 are used for automatically tightening the inner wall of the fish to catch the fish. In this self-tightening process, when the plurality of self-tightening inner bailing slips 21 move downward, a state is presented in which the distance between the self-tightening inner bailing slips 21 increases, and the mode of obtaining this state is that the self-tightening inner bailing slips 21 slide on an inclined plane that gradually expands outward, and the plurality of self-tightening inner bailing slips 21 can gradually expand outward to generate self-tightening force due to the inclination of the inclined plane.
Example 5
Further, referring to fig. 2, in another embodiment of the self-tightening jaw of the present invention, a first limiting portion is disposed at an end of the jaw, a second limiting portion is disposed in the middle of the self-tightening slip, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are used for preventing the self-tightening slip from sliding out of the jaw, an elastic portion is disposed between the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion, and an elastic releasing direction of the elastic portion is used for keeping the second limiting portion of the self-tightening slip away from the first limiting portion of the jaw.
In the above embodiment, in order to prevent the jack catch and the self-tightening slip from separating from the end of the jack catch when sliding, therefore, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are respectively arranged at the end of the self-tightening slip and the end of the jack catch, the self-tightening slip can be clamped at the end of the jack catch when the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are in contact, the self-tightening slip is prevented from separating from the jack catch, the elastic portion 18 is used for bearing the weight of the self-tightening slip, lifting the self-tightening slip to the inner side of the claw, and enabling the self-tightening slip to move towards the pulling force direction of the fish relative to the jack catch, so as to lock the fish. The elastic portion 18 may alternatively be a tension spring, a compression spring or a disc spring.
Example 6
Further, referring to fig. 2, in another embodiment of the self-tightening jaw of the present invention, in the length direction of the self-tightening slip, the thickness of the self-tightening slip gradually increases from one end to the other end, the thicker end is located inside the jaw, and the thinner end is located at one side of the end of the jaw; and/or
The thickness of the jaws of the chuck 15 increases gradually from within the jaws to the tips of the jaws.
In the above embodiment, in order to make the self-tightening slips have a self-locking function, in an embodiment, the thickness of the self-tightening slips may be set differently, one end is thick, the other end is gradually thinned, the thick end is located at one side of the claw, the thin end is located at the end of the claw, so that when the fish pulling force acts on the self-tightening slips, the self-tightening slips move towards the end of the claw along the track direction, because the thickness of the self-tightening slips is different, the more the self-tightening slips move towards the end of the claw, the larger the thickness overlapped by the self-tightening slips and the end of the claw, the smaller the distance between the self-tightening slips, the larger the clamping force between the self-tightening slips, and the larger the grabbing force on the fish between the self-tightening slips.
Or on the jack catch, set up the jack catch to gradually increase by the thickness of the direction of jack catch tip in the jack catch claw, then self-tightening slips is under the effect of fish pulling force, and a plurality of self-tightening slips are to the jack catch tip motion gradually, and distance between a plurality of self-tightening slips also can reduce gradually, and then make a plurality of self-tightening slips constantly increase to the clamping force of fish, make a plurality of self-tightening slips have self-tightening function.
Or the combination of the thickness variation setting of the self-tightening slips and the thickness variation setting of the clamping jaws can generate the effect of self-tightening force.
Further, the outer movable slip 12 can be fixed on the inner side of the claw through a screw 19, and the inner movable slip 20 can be fixed on the outer side of the claw through a bolt 13.
Example 7
Referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, an overall structure of a retractable reducing fishing tool according to the present invention is shown, the retractable reducing fishing tool includes:
a housing 10;
sealing the motor 4;
a self-tightening jaw as in any one of embodiments 1-7;
the body of the sealing motor 4 is located in the shell 10, the sealing motor 4 is fixed with the shell 10, the body of the self-tightening claw is fixed at the end part of the shell 10, and the sealing motor 4 is in transmission connection with the chuck 15 of the self-tightening claw.
In the above embodiment, the casing 10 is used to connect the sealing motor 4 with the self-tightening claw, and the sealing motor 4 generates power to drive the self-tightening claw to open and close, so as to effectively grasp the underground fish.
Example 8
Further, another embodiment of the retractable reducing fishing tool of the invention further comprises a cable 1, a connecting short circuit 2, a driving short section 3 and a rotating shaft sleeve 9, wherein the shell comprises an upper shell and a lower shell, the driving short section 3 comprises a sealing motor 4, a fixed plate 5 and a planetary reducer 6, and the sealing motor 4 is fixed in the upper shell through the fixed plate 5; the middle part of the chuck is provided with a through hole, the chuck comprises a transmission disc, a claw and a chuck shell, one surface of the transmission disc is provided with a chuck spiral groove, the chuck shell is provided with a guide groove for guiding the claw to move towards the center, the claw is arranged in the guide groove, and the transmission disc is meshed with the claw through the chuck spiral groove; the rotary shaft sleeve 9 comprises a cone 7, a cylinder body and a transmission disc, wherein the cone 7 is integrally connected with the transmission disc through the cylinder body, the connecting short joint 2 is connected with the driving short joint 3, the driving short joint 3 is in transmission connection with the rotary shaft sleeve 9, the rotary shaft sleeve 9 is in rotary connection with the chuck shell, the transmission end of the sealing motor 4 is in transmission connection with the cone 7 through the planetary reducer 6, the central tube 11 is fixed on the chuck shell, the central tube 11 is fixed with the lower shell through the chuck shell, one end of the central tube 11 stretches into the rotary shaft sleeve 9, and the central tube 11 is in rotary connection with the rotary shaft sleeve 9; the cable is electrically connected with the sealed motor 4 through the connecting short circuit 2; the side wall of the cylinder is provided with a hole 8, the through hole is communicated with the cylinder through a central pipe 11, and the cylinder is communicated with the connecting short circuit 2 through the hole 8 and through a gap between the sealing motor 4 and the upper shell.
In the above embodiment, the cable 1 is used for providing power for the seal motor 4, the cable 1 is fixed with the casing 10 through the connection short circuit 2, and in order to provide stronger snatching, set up planetary reducer 6 between seal motor 4 and chuck 15, increase seal motor 4 and give chuck 15's driving force, in casing 10, seal motor 4 passes through fixed plate 5 and fixes seal motor 4 on the upper casing, drive short circuit 3 is as a module, includes seal motor, fixed plate, planetary reducer and upper casing at least, the fixed plate is fixed seal motor at the upper casing inner wall, and seal motor lower extreme is connected with planetary reducer. When the well flushing device is used, the upper shell of the driving nipple is connected with the upper end connecting nipple and the lower shell through threads, the design is convenient for the fishing tool to assemble, maintain and replace the matched clamping jaw, a hole is formed between the sealing motor 4 and the shell 10, and the rotary shaft sleeve 9 is provided with a hole 8, so that well flushing liquid can enter the rotary shaft sleeve 9 from the hole 8 through the connecting nipple 2 and pass through a gap between the sealing motor 4 and the shell 10, then flows to the clamping jaw from the rotary shaft sleeve 9 through a through hole in the middle of the chuck 15, and further the well flushing liquid can flush the clamping jaw or impurities on and around the fish, so that the clamping jaw can grab the fish more firmly (the fish is grabbed more firmly).
Example 9
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a retractable variable diameter fishing method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: preparation tool string
Firstly judging whether the underground object to be fished is of an inner fishing type or an outer fishing type according to the data, if the data is incomplete, printing a seal, judging, installing a movable claw and a self-tightening slip which are matched with each other for a retractable reducing fishing tool, and then, the tool string from top to bottom is as follows: the continuous oil pipe of the inner penetrating cable is connected with a connecting nipple at the upper end of the retractable reducing fishing tool, and the cable is connected.
Step two: fish finding roof
The well is first flushed before the fishing tool is lowered.
If the object to be fished is an external fishing type, the sealing motor is started to rotate forward to retract the external fishing movable claw 12 to a minimum state, then a continuous oil pipe is used for descending a tool to the upper end of the object to be fished, the fish top is detected, and the external fishing movable claw 12 is a movable claw provided with an external fishing movable slip at the inner side of the claw.
If the object to be fished is an inner fishing type, the sealing motor is started to reversely rotate to expand the inner fishing movable claw 20 to a larger state but not to exceed the chuck, then a continuous oil pipe is used for descending a tool to the upper end of the object to be fished to probe the fish top, and the inner fishing movable claw 20 is a movable claw provided with an inner fishing movable slip at the outer side of the claw.
Step three: flushing fish
If the object to be fished is an outer fishing type, after the fish top is detected, lifting the fishing tool for a small distance, starting the sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand the outer fishing movable claw 12 to a maximum state, flushing the fish top and the fish neck for a period of time with large displacement, then pressing and pushing the fishing tool down, wherein the pushing distance exceeds the small distance of the fish lifting and fishing tool, and then the sealing motor forwardly rotates to shrink the outer fishing movable claw 12 to the maximum state to grasp the fish neck.
If the object to be fished is an inner fishing type, after the fish top is detected, the fishing tool is lifted for a small distance, then the fish top and the fish neck are washed by large displacement for a period of time, the sealing motor is started to rotate forward to retract the inner fishing movable claw 20 to a minimum state, then the inner fishing movable claw 20 is pressed and put into the fishing tool, the lower distance exceeds the small distance of the lifting fishing tool, and then the sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand the inner fishing movable claw 20 to be extremely, so that the fish neck is grabbed.
Step four: lifting and salvaging
If the object to be fished is the outer object to be fished, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the suspended weight is changed, and if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, and if the object to be fished is not fished from the suspended weight, taking out the coiled tubing for checking. If the weight of the object to be fished or the object to be fished is in a clamping state, the object to be fished can be lifted up to be fished, if the object to be fished is lifted up to be motionless and is judged to be in a clamping state, the sealing motor can be started to reversely rotate to expand the outer fishing movable claw 12 under the condition of pressing down the continuous oil pipe, then the object to be fished is lifted up to be exited, then the object to be fished can be rapidly lifted up to be fished down to be fished, the clicking mode can be tried to be released, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated; and (3) if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third and fourth steps until the suspended weight is grasped.
If the object to be fished is internal fished, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the suspended weight is changed, and if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, and if the object to be fished is not fished from the suspended weight, taking out the coiled tubing for checking. If the weight of the object to be fished or the object to be fished is in a clamping state, the object to be fished can be caught by judging from the suspended weight, lifting and salvaging are carried out, if the lifting is not moving, and judging as the clamping state, the inner fishing movable claw 20 can be contracted to the minimum state by starting the forward rotation of the sealing motor under the condition of pressing down the continuous oil pipe, then lifting and withdrawing the fish neck, then starting the reverse rotation of the sealing motor to expand the inner fishing movable claw 20 to the maximum state, and trying to quickly lift and lower the salvaging tool to unclamp in a smashing and shocking mode, and taking care to prevent damage to the inner cavity opening of the fish roof of the object to be fished, and repeating the third step and the fourth step; and (3) if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third and fourth steps until the suspended weight is grasped.
If the object to be fished is internal fished, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the suspended weight is changed, and if the object to be fished is light and not clamped, and if the object to be fished is not fished from the suspended weight, taking out the coiled tubing for checking. If the object to be fished is heavy or is in a clamping state, the object to be fished can be judged to be grabbed from the suspended weight, lifting and salvaging are carried out, if the object to be fished is not lifted, and is judged to be in a clamping state, under the condition of pressing down the continuous oil pipe, the sealing motor is started to rotate forwards to shrink the inner fishing movable claw to a minimum state, then the object to be fished is lifted and exits from the fish neck, then the sealing motor is started to rotate reversely to expand the inner fishing movable claw to a maximum state, the object to be fished is rapidly lifted and lowered, the inner cavity mouth of the fish roof of the object to be fished is prevented from being damaged by smashing and the third and fourth steps are repeated; and (3) if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third and fourth steps until the suspended weight is grasped.
In the embodiment, the invention can realize inner fishing and outer fishing through the effective arrangement of the components such as the cable, the driving nipple 3, the rotary shaft sleeve, the driving disc 14, the movable claw, the slips and the like from top to bottom, the continuous oil pipe with the cable penetrating through the inner part is adopted for fishing, and the effective fishing of the objects to be fished is realized through four steps of preparing a tool string, detecting the fish roof, flushing and grabbing the fish and lifting and fishing.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, the description of "first," "second," etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Under the condition of no conflict, the technical features related to the examples can be combined with each other according to actual situations by a person skilled in the art so as to achieve corresponding technical effects, and specific details of the combination situations are not described in detail herein.
While the invention is susceptible of embodiments in accordance with the preferred embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A retractable reducing fishing tool, comprising:
a housing;
a sealed motor (4);
a self-tightening jaw comprising:
a chuck having a plurality of jaws;
self-tightening slips;
a guide rail;
the elastic force of the elastic part is larger than the gravity of the self-tightening slip;
the guide rail is arranged on a jaw of the chuck, the guide rail is arranged along the length direction of the jaw, the self-tightening slip is in sliding connection with the jaw through the guide rail, the sliding direction of the self-tightening slip is from the interior of the jaw to the interior of the jaw, the working face of the self-tightening slip is positioned at the outer side of the chuck or the inner side of the chuck, and when a plurality of self-tightening slips move from the interior of the jaw to the interior of the jaw, the overlapped thickness of the self-tightening slip and the jaw is gradually increased at the end part of the jaw;
the body of the sealing motor (4) is positioned in the shell, the sealing motor (4) is fixed with the shell, the body of the self-tightening claw is fixed at the end part of the shell, and the sealing motor (4) is in transmission connection with the chuck of the self-tightening claw;
the guide rail is a groove positioned on the clamping jaw and a blocking body (17) positioned at the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove is in sliding connection with the blocking body (17), the cross section profile of the groove is convex, and the cross section profile of the blocking body (17) is matched with the groove;
the self-tightening slips are self-tightening outer fishing slips (16) or self-tightening inner fishing slips (21), and a plurality of small teeth are distributed on the working face of the self-tightening outer fishing slips (16) or the self-tightening inner fishing slips (21) in a arrayed mode.
2. A retractable reducing fishing tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide rail is a groove on the claw and a blocking body (17) on the bottom of the self-tightening slip, the groove and the blocking body (17) are in sliding connection, the cross-sectional profile of the groove is matched with the cross-sectional profile of the blocking body (17), and the width of the bottom of the groove is larger than the width of the mouth of the groove.
3. The retractable reducing fishing tool according to claim 1, wherein the self-tightening slip is a self-tightening outer fishing slip (16), the self-tightening outer fishing slip (16) is arranged on one surface of the clamping jaw on the inner side of the chuck, one surface of the clamping jaw on the outer side of the chuck is in a convex arc shape, and the working surface of the self-tightening outer fishing slip (16) is in a concave arc shape; or (b)
The self-tightening slips are self-tightening inner fishing slips (21), the self-tightening inner fishing slips (21) are arranged on one sides of the clamping jaws on the outer side of the clamping chuck, when the clamping jaws are close to the middle of the clamping chuck, adjacent clamping jaws are tightly attached to each other, the middle parts of the clamping jaws enclose a central hole, and the working surface of the self-tightening inner fishing slips (21) is in a convex arc shape.
4. The retractable reducing fishing tool of claim 1, wherein the jaw end portion has a first limiting portion, a second limiting portion is provided in the middle of the self-tightening slip, the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are used for preventing the self-tightening slip from sliding out of the jaw, the elastic portion is arranged between the first limiting portion and the second limiting portion, and the elastic releasing direction of the elastic portion is used for keeping the second limiting portion of the self-tightening slip away from the first limiting portion of the jaw.
5. The tool of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the slip increases from one end to the other end in the length direction of the slip, the thicker end being located inside the jaws and the thinner end being located on the side of the jaw ends; and/or
The thickness of the jaws of the chuck gradually increases from the interior of the jaw jaws to the tips of the jaw jaws.
6. A method of retractable radius fishing for a retractable radius fishing tool as defined in claim 1, comprising:
step one: preparation tool string
Firstly judging whether the underground object to be fished is of an inner fishing type or an outer fishing type according to the data, if the data is incomplete, printing a seal, judging, installing a movable claw and a self-tightening slip which are matched with each other for a retractable reducing fishing tool, and then, the tool string from top to bottom is as follows: the continuous oil pipe of the inner penetrating cable is connected with a connecting nipple at the upper end of the retractable reducing fishing tool and is connected with the cable;
step two: fish finding roof
Firstly, conducting well flushing before the fishing tool is put into the well;
if the object to be fished is an external fishing type, starting a sealing motor to rotate forward to retract an external fishing movable claw to a minimum state, then using a continuous oil pipe to lower a tool to the upper end of the object to be fished, and probing the fish top, wherein the external fishing movable claw is a movable claw provided with an external fishing movable slip at the inner side of the claw;
if the object to be fished is an inner fishing type, starting a sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand an inner fishing movable claw to a larger state but not exceeding a chuck, then using a continuous oil pipe to lower a tool to the upper end of the object to be fished, and probing the fish top, wherein the inner fishing movable claw is a movable claw provided with an inner fishing movable slip at the outer side of the claw;
step three: flushing fish
If the object to be fished is an external fishing type, lifting the fishing tool for a small distance after the fish top is detected, starting the sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand the external fishing movable claw to a maximum state, flushing the fish top and the fish neck for a period of time with large discharge capacity, then pressing and putting the fish top and the fish neck into the fishing tool, wherein the putting distance exceeds the small distance of the fish lifting and fishing tool, and then enabling the sealing motor to positively rotate to shrink the external fishing movable claw to be extremely, so as to grasp the fish neck;
if the object to be fished is an inner fishing type, lifting the fishing tool for a small distance after the fish top is detected, flushing the fish top and the fish neck for a period of time with large displacement, starting the sealing motor to rotate forward to shrink the inner fishing movable claw to a minimum state, then pressurizing and putting the inner fishing movable claw into the fishing tool, wherein the putting distance exceeds the small distance of lifting the fishing tool, and starting the sealing motor to rotate reversely to expand the inner fishing movable claw to be extreme, and grabbing the fish neck;
step four: lifting and salvaging
If the object to be fished is in an external fishing state, lifting the object to be fished, checking whether the suspended weight is changed, if the object to be fished is light and is not clamped, if the object to be fished cannot be fished from the suspended weight, lifting the coiled tubing for checking, if the object to be fished is heavy or is clamped, if the object to be fished is caught from the suspended weight, lifting the coiled tubing, if the object to be fished is not lifted, judging to be clamped, starting a sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand an external fishing movable claw under the condition of pressing the coiled tubing, lifting and withdrawing the fishing neck, then attempting to rapidly lift the fishing tool upwards to unclamp in a mode of smashing and shocking, and repeating the third step and the fourth step; if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third step and the fourth step until the suspended weight is grasped;
if the object to be fished is an internal bailing object, lifting the object to be fished to check whether the suspended weight is changed or not, if the object to be fished is light and is not blocked, taking out the coiled tubing to check whether the object to be fished is fished or not, if the object to be fished is heavy or is in a blocking state, judging that the object to be fished is grabbed from the suspended weight, lifting and fishing, if the object to be fished is in a blocking state, starting a sealing motor to positively rotate to retract an internal bailing movable claw to a minimum state under the condition of pressing the coiled tubing, lifting and withdrawing a fish neck, then starting a sealing motor to reversely rotate to expand the internal bailing movable claw to a maximum state, attempting to rapidly lift and lower a fishing tool to unclamp in a mode, and taking care to prevent damage to a fish top inner cavity opening of the object to be fished, and repeating the third and fourth steps; and (3) if the suspended weight is not grasped, repeating the third and fourth steps until the suspended weight is grasped.
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| CN201911095032.3A CN110821434B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Self-tightening claw, retractable reducing fishing tool and method |
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| CN201911095032.3A CN110821434B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Self-tightening claw, retractable reducing fishing tool and method |
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| CN110821434B true CN110821434B (en) | 2023-08-18 |
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| CN110821434A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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Effective date of registration: 20201203 Address after: 100007 Dongcheng District, Dongzhimen, China, North Street, No. 9 Oil Mansion, No. Applicant after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Applicant after: CNPC CHUANQING DRILLING ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710018 Shaanxi city of Xi'an province Weiyang District four road Fengcheng Changqing Technology Building Applicant before: CNPC CHUANQING DRILLING ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Research Institute |
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