CN110820053A - Continuous functionalized fiber, device, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Continuous functionalized fiber, device, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110820053A CN110820053A CN201911166825.XA CN201911166825A CN110820053A CN 110820053 A CN110820053 A CN 110820053A CN 201911166825 A CN201911166825 A CN 201911166825A CN 110820053 A CN110820053 A CN 110820053A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B7/00—Obtaining silk fibres or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01B9/00—Other mechanical treatment of natural fibrous or filamentary material to obtain fibres or filaments
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a continuous functionalized fiber, a device, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: fixing an animal spinning device with a spinning function; when animals spin, the silk fiber spun by the animals is drafted and wound into a cylinder with constant tension, and the functional material layer coated on the surface of the silk fiber is obtained by the functionalization treatment of the silk fiber in the drafting process. The application provides a simple, efficient and energy-saving high-performance functionalized silk fiber with universality and a preparation method thereof, and a fabric formed by the continuous functionalized fiber has a continuous functional layer and can be widely applied to intelligent fabrics and flexible devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fibers, in particular to a functionalized fiber.
Background
The formation of functionalized silk fibers by functionalizing single fibers or single yarns has been a bottleneck in the development of silk materials, and for example, the formation of functionalized silk fibers by functionalizing natural silk fibers, factory silk and yarns and the like is not easily realized in the current industrial technology. At present, the application of silk materials is mainly concentrated in the traditional textile industry of clothes, bedding and the like, but the price of silk raw materials is relatively high, so that the market audience population is few, the application range is small, the product sales volume is not large, and the development of the mulberry industry in China is greatly hindered. In 2016, the development report of the Chinese cocoon silk industry indicates that the problems and short boards existing in the cocoon silk industry at present are caused by the laggard production mode of the silkworm, the low industrial automation degree and the low additional value of terminal products. And better access to and utilization of silk materials has become urgent.
At present, the traditional silk reeling method is provided for the current research, silk is extracted from silkworm cocoons, the process flow is complex, high energy consumption and large pollution are caused, and the silk has more defects. While all the related studies on the forced drawing have been conducted by simply drawing out the wire from the silkworm mouth and collecting the wire by a winding device, the amount of the wire collected by this method has been limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a continuous functionalized fiber, a device, a method of making and a use thereof, which solve the problems of the prior art.
To achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
The invention provides a preparation method of continuous functionalized fiber, which comprises the following steps:
fixing an animal spinning device with a spinning function;
when animals spin, the silk fiber spun by the animals is drafted at a constant speed and wound into a cylinder, and the functional material layer coated on the surface of the silk fiber is obtained by the functional treatment of the silk fiber in the drafting process.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the animal with the silking function in the application is selected from silkworms or spiders; the silkworm includes silkworm and tussah. The silk spinner of the silkworm is a mouth device of the silkworm, and the silk spinner of the spider is arranged at the belly of the silk spinner.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the fixing mode of the animal spinner can adopt a fixing piece to fix the animal spinner on a plane, and the fixing piece can be selected from one or more of fixing glue, adhesive tape and clay; or an air bag with a plurality of cavity structures is adopted to fix the animal and the spinning device of the animal by controlling the shape of the air bag and the gas pressure in different cavities. The silkworms always move along with the 8-shaped swinging head in the natural spinning process, the spinning speed is not uniform in the process, the yarn is easy to have defects at the swinging head, and the structural uniformity and the mechanical property of the yarn are greatly influenced. The present invention adopts a manner of fixing an animal spinning device, allows the body of silkworms to move freely, and simultaneously keeps the position of the animal spinning device such as the head and mouth of silkworms fixed or the abdomen of spiders fixed, thereby realizing the stable and continuous collection of silk fibers. According to characterization tests, the mechanical properties of the silk fibers of silkworms obtained by the method are far superior to those of natural silkworm cocoon silk, and the mechanical indexes, such as breaking elongation and the like, of the silk fibers are even equivalent to those of natural spider silk.
According to the technical scheme, the movement speed of the silk fiber is larger than the natural spinning speed of animals through drafting. The drawing can adopt an automatic tensioner so as to control the drawing tension of the silk fiber in a sectional manner. In this application automatic tensioner for the godet that contains several interval distribution and be used for controlling godet slew velocity's power spare, the godet makes the last even tension that obtains of silk fibre through the silk fibre draft that the overall arrangement setting will be after the functionalization processing to do benefit to the homogenization of silk fibre.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the functionalization treatment comprises fluorescence treatment so that the surface of the silk fiber is coated with a fluorescent layer; and/or noctilucent treatment to coat the surface of the silk fiber with a noctilucent layer; and/or conducting treatment to coat the surface of the silk fiber with a conductive layer to form a conductive fiber or fiber sensor; and/or performing photosensitive treatment to coat the surface of the fiber with a photosensitive layer to form a photoelectric fiber; and/or thermochromic treatment to coat the surface of the silk fiber with the thermochromic layer to form a thermochromic fiber; and/or photochromic treatment is carried out so that the photochromic layer is coated on the surface of the silk fiber to form the photochromic fiber; and/or electrochromic treatment to coat the surface of the silk fiber with the electrochromic layer to form the electrochromic fiber.
According to the functionalization treatment described above in the present application, it can be performed by a functionalization treatment unit that includes at least a functional material solution through which silk fibers spit out by animals continuously pass so that the surface thereof is coated with a functional material layer.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, a curing unit is further arranged at the downstream of the functionalization processing unit along the movement direction of the silk fiber and is used for curing the functional material layer formed on the silk fiber in the functionalization processing unit. In one embodiment, the curing unit provides a space capable of controlling temperature, humidity and length, and the silk fiber coated with the functional material layer penetrates through the space to be cured.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, a pretreatment unit is further arranged upstream of the functional treatment unit along the movement direction of the silk fiber, and is used for improving the surface property of the silk fiber spitted by animals. The combination acting force of the silk fiber and the functional material can be regulated and controlled through pretreatment, and the tight combination of the functional material layer and the silk fiber is ensured; meanwhile, the pretreatment can not damage the structure and the function of the functional layer, and the functional layer needs to be rapidly solidified and tightly bonded with the fiber interface of the core silk. In a specific embodiment, the pretreatment unit may modify the surface properties of the silk fibers using steam, temperature, solvent, or solution.
The invention also discloses the continuous functionalized fiber obtained by the preparation method.
The invention also discloses application of the continuous functional fiber in wearable equipment, flexible devices, medical care monitoring, environmental protection and human-computer interfaces.
The invention also provides a device for continuously functionalizing the fiber, which is sequentially provided with a plurality of functionalization processing units along the continuous processing direction of the fiber, and a curing processing unit and a winding unit are sequentially arranged at the downstream of the plurality of functionalization processing units.
According to the device of the invention, a pretreatment unit is arranged upstream of the functionalization treatment unit along the processing direction of the continuous fiber.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the silk fiber generated by animals is actively drafted and then continuously collected, and meanwhile, the silk fiber is subjected to functionalization treatment in situ in the continuous drafting process; the surface of the silk fiber is coated to form a functional material layer in the functionalization treatment process, and the continuous functional fiber formed by the functional material layer comprises a high-performance silk fiber core layer and a functional layer.
In the technical scheme, the shape and thickness of the functional material loaded on the surface of the silk fiber can be regulated by regulating the surface property of the silk fiber, the properties of the functional material solution, such as polarity and viscosity, and the tail end traction rate.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, a large quantity of continuous strong drawn fibers are obtained by the fixing piece or the spinning device for controlling the air bag and fixing the animal, and then the large-batch functionalization and collection of the strong drawn fibers can be completed by the subsequent pretreatment unit, the functionalization treatment unit and the solidification treatment unit.
The application provides a simple, efficient and energy-saving high-performance functionalized silk fiber with universality and a preparation method thereof, and a fabric formed by the continuous functionalized fiber has a continuous functional layer and can be widely applied to intelligent fabrics and flexible devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the effect of the fluorescent filament fiber in example 1 of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the noctilucent silk fiber with bead string shape in the embodiment 2 of the invention
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the conductivity test of the conductive yarn fiber formed in example 4 of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain curve of a conductive filament fiber formed in example 4 of the present invention
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the thermo-dependent effect of the thermochromic filament fibers formed in example 5 of the present invention, wherein a is when an aqueous solution at normal temperature is used and b is when hot water of 60 ℃.
FIG. 7 is a microscope image of a thermochromic filament fiber formed in example 5 of the present invention, wherein a is in a room temperature state and b is in a state heated to 60 ℃
FIG. 8 shows a microscope image of a thermochromic silk fiber of example 5 of the present invention, wherein a is an image at room temperature and b is a microscope image heated to 60 ℃
Description of the reference numerals in FIG. 1
| 1 | |
| 2 | |
| 3 | Functional processing unit |
| 4 | Curing unit |
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Before the present embodiments are further described, it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described below; it is also to be understood that the terminology used in the examples is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.
When numerical ranges are given in the examples, it is understood that both endpoints of each of the numerical ranges and any value therebetween can be selected unless the invention otherwise indicated. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, any methods, devices, and materials similar or equivalent to those described in the examples may be used in the practice of the invention in addition to the specific methods, devices, and materials used in the examples, in keeping with the knowledge of one skilled in the art and with the description of the invention.
Example 1
In this example, a fluorescent tussah silk fiber was prepared.
Fixing five-instar tussah by using a soft rubber belt, pulling silk fiber out of a tussah spinning device, and enabling the silk fiber to pass through a functional layer processing unit, wherein the functional layer processing unit is a liquid tank filled with fluorescent paint such as carbon dots or quantum dots; the length of the liquid groove is 4 cm; the cross-sectional area of the fluorescent paint in the liquid tank is far larger than the diameter of the silk fiber so as to ensure that the silk fiber is completely immersed; then winding into a tube by an automatic traction device at the speed of 5-30 mm/s.
By the method in the embodiment, the silk fiber with strong fluorescence signal can be continuously produced, and the length of the silk fiber reaches 500 m.
The effect of the fluorescent filament fiber obtained in this example is shown in fig. 2, and the obtained fiber shows strong yellow fluorescence under an ultraviolet lamp.
Example 2
The embodiment is a preparation method of the noctilucent tussah silk fiber with the beaded surface microstructure.
Fixing the head of a five-instar tussah, pulling silk fiber out of a tussah spinning device, wherein the silk fiber firstly passes through a pretreatment unit injected with a solvent (water/ethanol/acetone and the like) and then passes through a functional treatment unit injected with a noctilucent coating (which is a noctilucent powder-ink mixture); the length of the pretreatment unit and the length of the functional treatment unit are 4-15 cm. An automated drawing device is used to form the tube at a winding rate of 5-30 mm/s.
By the method, the noctilucent fiber with the bead string structure on the surface can be continuously produced, and the length of the noctilucent fiber reaches 500 m. The bead structure can be regulated and controlled by regulating the winding traction speed and the lengths of the pretreatment unit and the functional treatment unit.
The noctilucent silk fiber with the bead-shaped structure obtained in the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, the obtained fiber emits bright yellow-green light in a dark environment after absorbing certain light energy, and the noctilucent phenomenon of the bead-shaped structure is particularly obvious.
Example 3
This example is the preparation of uniformly coated noctilucent tussah silk fibers.
Similar to the above example of preparing the noctilucent highlighting fiber with a beaded structure. The difference is that:
the solvent in the pretreatment unit is a solution selected from silk protein, and can be water, a mixed solution of formic acid and calcium chloride, and hexafluoroisopropanol;
therefore, the surface wettability of the solid silk fiber and the binding capacity of the noctilucent coating are changed, the noctilucent coating can be more stably bound with the strong drawn silk fiber, the winding speed is adjusted to eliminate the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the system, and the strong drawn silk fiber uniformly coated with the noctilucent layer is obtained.
Example 4
This example is the preparation of conductive tussah silk fibers.
The five-instar tussah is fixed by a soft rubber belt, and the silk is pulled out of the tussah spinning device and passes through the functional processing unit. The functional processing unit is filled with a liquid tank of conductive coating (the conductive coating can be conductive ink, carbon nanotube solution, conductive silver paste and the like). The length of the functionalized processing unit is 4 cm. The fibres are then passed through a curing unit, i.e. a semi-sealed pipe of controlled temperature and ambient humidity, which is 4-10cm in length, and dried completely by raising the temperature of the pipe and lowering the humidity in the pipe before being collected by the winding module. The winding speed provided by the automatic traction device is 5-30 mm/s. By the method, the strong drawn fibers with the conductive function can be continuously collected, and the fiber length reaches 1000 m.
In order to enable the functional material layer to be better combined with the silk fibers, the silk fibers can be pretreated in the pretreatment unit in a mode of adopting water vapor for treatment, namely the silk fibers pass through the water vapor channel, so that sericin on the surfaces of the silk fibers keeps certain humidity, and the conductive coating and the sericin are more tightly combined.
Fig. 4 is a conductive performance test chart of the conductive fiber obtained in the embodiment, and the specific test method is to adopt
And testing the universal meter. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the resistance of the conductive filament fibers is in the kilo-ohm range, and the conductive filaments have conductivity.
Fig. 5 is a stress-strain curve of the conductive yarn fiber obtained in this example, and it can be seen from the graph that the conductive yarn fiber has excellent mechanical properties such as high modulus, high toughness, high strain, and the like.
Example 5
This example is the preparation of thermochromic tussah silk fibers.
Similar to the above example for preparing beaded/uniformly coated night light intensity drawn fibers. The difference lies in that:
and functional ink with a thermochromism function is injected into the functional processing unit, and solvent components in the pretreatment unit and the traction speed of the automatic traction device are adjusted to obtain the thermochromism/photochromic fibers in a beaded shape and uniformly coated.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the effect of thermal change of the thermochromic filament fibers formed in this example, from which it can be seen that the thermochromic fibers showing different colors at room temperature were wound in a transparent glass sample bottle, and the filament fibers became colorless after the glass bottle was filled with hot water having a temperature of 60 ℃.
Fig. 7 is a microscope image of the thermochromic filament fibers formed in this example, from which it can be seen that the thermochromic functional layer is uniformly coated on the surface of the filament fibers, and the filament fibers change from blue to colorless as the temperature rises from room temperature to 60 ℃.
Fig. 8 is a microscope image of the beaded thermochromic silk fiber formed in this example, from which a distinct beaded structure can be seen, and the color of the beaded structure changes from red to colorless as the temperature increases from room temperature to 60 ℃.
Example 6
This example is the preparation of a photoelectric tussah strong-drawing fiber.
The preparation of the photoelectric silk fiber integrates the preparation of a conductive silk fiber and the preparation of a fluorescent silk fiber to obtain the coating of a multi-layer functional material layer.
The silk fiber was first drawn from a stationary tussah silk spinner, first through a functionalization unit containing a conductive coating, and then through the same curing module as in example 4. Then sequentially passing through a functional unit containing a dielectric layer and a photosensitive layer coating, then curing through another curing unit, such as a temperature and humidity control guide pipe under the protection of nitrogen, completing the drying and annealing processes, and finally obtaining the multilayer coated silk fiber with the photoelectric conversion function through traction and winding.
Example 7
This example is the preparation of degummed and functionalized silk fibers, degummed also being one of the pretreatment units.
Since sericin on the surface of silk fiber is very hydrophilic and easily oxidized, many functional materials are sensitive to oxygen and humidity. In order to solve the problem, a pretreatment unit with a degumming function is introduced in the preparation of the functional silk fiber. And (3) passing the nascent strong drawn wire drawn out from the spinning device with the tussah fixed through a pretreatment unit, wherein the pretreatment unit is a semi-sealed pipeline filled with alkali boiling water bath, has a heating function, and is used for carrying out online degumming.
The silk fiber is maintained in the pretreatment unit for more than 20 minutes. And after degumming, entering the functionalization process described in any one of embodiments 1-6 to realize the preparation of the continuous degumming-functionalized strong drawn fiber.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method for preparing continuous functionalized fiber, comprising the following steps: fixing an animal spinning device with a spinning function; when animals spin, the silk fiber spun by the animals is drafted at a constant speed and wound into a cylinder, and the functional material layer coated on the surface of the silk fiber is obtained by the functional treatment of the silk fiber in the drafting process.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the animal having a spinning function is selected from silkworms or spiders.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal spinner is fixed by fixing the animal spinner on a plane by using a fixing member, or the animal spinner is fixed by controlling the shape of the air bag and the gas pressure in different cavities by using the air bag having a structure of a plurality of cavities.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the drawing is such that the speed of movement of the silk fiber is greater than the speed of natural animal spinning.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the functionalization process includes a fluorescent process to coat the surface of the silk fiber with a fluorescent layer; and/or
Noctilucent treatment is carried out so that the surface of the silk fiber is coated with a noctilucent layer; and/or
Conducting treatment so that the surface of the silk fiber is coated with a conducting layer to form a conducting fiber or a fiber sensor; and/or
Carrying out photosensitive treatment to coat the surface of the fiber with a photosensitive layer to form a photoelectric fiber; and/or
Performing thermochromic treatment to coat the surface of the silk fiber with a thermochromic layer to form a thermochromic fiber; and/or
Carrying out photochromic treatment to coat a photochromic layer on the surface of the silk fiber to form a photochromic fiber; and/or
And performing electrochromic treatment to coat the electrochromic layer on the surface of the silk fiber to form the electrochromic fiber.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the functionalization treatment is performed by a functionalization treatment unit including at least a functional material solution through which the silk fiber spun by the animal continuously passes to coat the surface thereof with a functional material layer.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein a curing unit for curing the functional material layer formed on the silk fiber in the functional treatment unit is further provided downstream of the functional treatment unit in the moving direction of the silk fiber.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the curing unit provides a space in which temperature, humidity and length can be controlled, and the silk fiber coated with the functional material layer is cured after penetrating through the space.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein a pretreatment unit is further provided upstream of the functional treatment unit in the moving direction of the silk fiber, for improving the surface properties of the silk fiber spitted by the animal.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the pre-treatment unit modifies surface properties of the silk fiber using steam, temperature, solvent or solution.
11. A continuous functionalized fiber obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. Use of the continuous functionalized fiber of claim 11 in wearable devices, flexible devices, healthcare monitoring, environmental protection, and human-machine interfaces.
13. The device for continuously functionalizing the fiber is characterized in that a plurality of functionalizing treatment units and a plurality of curing treatment units and winding units are sequentially arranged at the downstream of the functionalizing treatment units along the continuous processing direction of the fiber.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a pretreatment unit is further provided upstream of the functional treatment unit in the machine direction of the continuous fibers.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911166825.XA CN110820053A (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Continuous functionalized fiber, device, preparation method and application thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/080649 WO2021103358A1 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-23 | Continuous functional fiber, device, and method for preparation thereof and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911166825.XA CN110820053A (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Continuous functionalized fiber, device, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110820053A true CN110820053A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| CN201911166825.XA Pending CN110820053A (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2019-11-25 | Continuous functionalized fiber, device, preparation method and application thereof |
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| WO2021103358A1 (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | 上海科技大学 | Continuous functional fiber, device, and method for preparation thereof and use thereof |
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