CN110819972A - Chemical nickel plating method for titanium-based composite material - Google Patents

Chemical nickel plating method for titanium-based composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110819972A
CN110819972A CN201910801044.7A CN201910801044A CN110819972A CN 110819972 A CN110819972 A CN 110819972A CN 201910801044 A CN201910801044 A CN 201910801044A CN 110819972 A CN110819972 A CN 110819972A
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titanium
composite material
based composite
plating
chemical
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王冀恒
李惠
魏范松
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1689After-treatment
    • C23C18/1692Heat-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1806Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for chemically plating nickel on a titanium-based composite material. The method comprises the following steps: the titanium-based composite material is subjected to sand paper grinding → chemical oil removal → water washing → acid washing rust removal → water washing → activation → water washing → chemical nickel plating → water washing → vacuum heat treatment. The chemical plating solution is: NiCl2•6H2O 25~28 g/L,NaH2PO2•H2O 25~30 g/L,CH3COONa•3H2O 15~20 g/L,Na3C6H5O7•3H2O 18~20 g/L,(CH3COO)2Pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 25-30 ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 20~40 mg/L,Al2O3Powder (particle size)<0.5 μm) of 0 to 4 g/L. When the liquid is chemically plated, controlling the pH value to be 7-9, controlling the temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and controlling the plating time to be 15-30 min; after the plating is finished, diffusion heat treatment is carried out, and the vacuum degree<10‑2Pa, the temperature is 700-950 ℃, and the time is 20-40 min. The process can obtain a nickel coating with good combination on the surface of the titanium-based composite material, the coating is compact and uniform, the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the titanium-based composite material can be enhanced, the sensitivity of the titanium-based composite material to surface wear and defects is improved, and the service life of the titanium-based composite material is prolonged.

Description

Chemical nickel plating method for titanium-based composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and particularly relates to a method for chemically plating nickel on a titanium-based composite material.
Background
Titanium-based composites refer to a composite in which a reinforcing phase is added to a titanium or titanium alloy matrix. The titanium-based composite material combines the ductility and toughness of a titanium matrix with high strength and modulus of a reinforcing phase, so that the titanium-based composite material has higher strength and specific modulus than a titanium alloy, excellent fatigue and creep properties, and better corrosion resistance and high-temperature performance. At present, the titanium-based composite material is mainly applied to the fields of airplanes, missiles, satellites, ships and the like, and particularly has important application and great potential in the aspects of aerospace structural materials and aerospace engine materials. However, titanium-based composites have some drawbacks that are difficult to avoid by themselves, such as sensitivity to surface scratches, and the surface wear can seriously reduce the strength and toughness of the titanium-based composites. In order to reduce the sensitivity of the surface of the titanium-based composite material to scratches, reduce surface abrasion and prolong the service life of the material, a nickel plating coating can be formed on the surface of the titanium-based composite material by using a chemical nickel plating method, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the surface of the titanium-based composite material. However, a layer of compact oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the titanium-based material, even if the film is removed through treatments such as oil removal and etching, the surface of the material is quickly oxidized to form a new oxide film, the chemical stability of the film is high, the surface activity of the titanium-based material is adversely affected, the plating difficulty is increased, and the bonding force between the obtained plating layer and the titanium-based material is poor. In addition, the titanium-based composite material cannot achieve a satisfactory plating effect on the surface of the titanium-based composite material by the conventional chemical nickel plating process of the titanium alloy due to the difference of two-phase electrochemical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the problem of chemical nickel plating under the condition of multiphase coexistence of different physical and chemical properties in a titanium-based composite material, meet the requirement of the titanium-based composite material in the popularization of aerospace technology, and provide a method for chemical nickel plating on the surface of the titanium-based composite material, so that the sensitivity of the titanium-based composite material to surface abrasion and defects can be improved, and the service life of the titanium-based composite material is prolonged.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the aim, the invention provides a method for chemically plating nickel on a titanium-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing surface pretreatment on the titanium-based composite material, including sequentially performing sand paper polishing, chemical oil removal, water washing, acid washing for rust removal, water washing, activation and water washing on the titanium-based composite material;
(2) chemical nickel plating;
(3) washing with water;
(4) and (4) carrying out vacuum diffusion heat treatment.
Wherein in the step (1), chemical oil removal is carried out in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the oil removal liquid is 30-50 g/L NaOH and 15-30 g/L Na2CO3The mixed solution is washed for 10-20 min at room temperature.
Preferably, in the step (1), the acid-washing rust-removing solution is: 60mL/L of 65wt% HNO370mL/L of 40wt% HF, 100mL/L of 30wt% H2O2And cleaning for 1-2 min at room temperature.
The activating solution is as follows: 10-15 g/L ZnSO4·7H2O, 20-30 mL/L of 40wt% HF, 20-30 mg/L of CH3(CH2)14CH2(CH3)3NBr。
The chemical plating solution is as follows: NiCl2·6H2O 25~28g/L、NaH2PO2·H2O 25~30g/L、CH3COONa·3H2O 15~20g/L、Na3C6H5O7·3H2O 18~20g/L、(CH3COO)2Pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 25-30 ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 20~40mg/L、Al2O30-4 g/L of powder, and the pH value of the plating solution is controlled between 7 and 9, and the temperature is 80-90 ℃.
Preferably, the Al2O3Particle size of the powder<0.5μm。
Specifically, the conditions of the vacuum heat treatment are: degree of vacuum<10-2Pa, the temperature is 700-950 ℃, and the time is 20-40 min
Has the advantages that: the invention forms a nickel-rich coating on the surface of the titanium-based composite material through the steps of pretreatment of a titanium-based composite material matrix, surface activation, adjustment of a chemical nickel plating solution formula and process, diffusion heat treatment and the like. The chemical nickel plating method overcomes the problem of different properties and different multiphase physical and chemical properties in the titanium-based composite material, and realizes the purpose of forming a uniform and compact nickel plating layer on the surface of the titanium-based composite material. The combination problem of the titanium-based composite material and the nickel-plated layer is improved by combining a later-stage diffusion heat treatment method, the oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of the surface of the titanium-based composite material are further enhanced, and the method has certain practical significance for expanding the practical application of the titanium-based composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the morphology of the plated layer after electroless plating in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the diffusion profile of the plating layer after the diffusion heat treatment in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the difference in tensile properties between the material after the same heat treatment without nickel plating and the material after the diffusion heat treatment after nickel plating;
FIG. 4 shows the change in corrosion resistance of the material after nickel plating and diffusion heat treatment;
FIG. 5 shows the change in wear resistance of the material after nickel plating and diffusion heat treatment;
FIG. 6 shows the morphology of the plating layer after electroless plating according to example 2;
FIG. 7 shows the morphology of the plating layer after electroless plating according to example 3;
FIG. 8 shows the morphology of the plating layer after electroless plating according to example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A chemical nickel plating method for Ti-base composite material is carried out by sanding 2.5 Vol.% (TiC + TiB) (1:4)/Ti-6Al-4V Ti-base composite material → chemical oil removing → water washing → acid cleaning and rust removing → water washing → activating → water washing → chemical nickel plating → water washing → vacuum heat treatment. Specifically, the sand paper is ground by using water grinding sand paper of 240#, 600#, and 1000# in sequence; chemical degreasing is carried out in an ultrasonic cleaner, and degreasing liquid is NaOH (40g/L) and Na2CO3(20g/L) washing the mixed solution at room temperature for 15 min; acid picklingThe rust removing solution is as follows: HNO3(65% by mass) 60mL/L, HF (40% by mass) 70mL/L, H2O2Cleaning at room temperature for 2min, wherein the concentration of (30% by mass) is 100 mL/L; the pretreated sample is then subjected to ultrasonic activation, and ZnSO is adopted for the preparation of an activation solution4·7H2O13 g/L, HF (40% mass concentration) 22mL/L, CH3(CH2)14CH2(CH3)3NBr25mg/L, ultrasonic frequency is selected to be 50KHz, power is selected to be 200W, and activation time is 9 s; suspending the activated titanium-based composite material in the prepared chemical plating solution, wherein the pH value is 8.5, the temperature is 85 ℃, and the plating time is 30 min; the chemical plating solution is: NiCl2·6H2O 28g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 25g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 15g/L,Na3C6H5O7·3H2O 20g/L,(CH3COO)2Pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 28ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 35mg/L, alumina powder (particle size)<0.5 μm)1 g/L. After the electroless plating is finished, a compact nickel plating layer is obtained by water washing, as shown in figure 1. After 890 ℃ vacuum diffusion treatment, the nickel in the plating layer and the titanium-based composite material matrix are diffused mutually, particularly the nickel is diffused into the titanium-based composite material, and the combination of the plating layer and the titanium-based composite material is further enhanced, as shown in figure 2. The titanium-based composite material after diffusion and the titanium-based composite material which is not directly subjected to the same heat treatment of nickel plating has obviously higher strength and elongation in tensile property, as shown in figure 3; the corrosion resistance is greatly improved, such as the self-corrosion potential is obviously improved, and the self-corrosion current is obviously reduced, as shown in figure 4; the wear resistance is also significantly improved, as the wear scar becomes significantly shallower under the same conditions, as shown in fig. 5.
Example 2
A chemical nickel plating method for Ti-base composite material is carried out by sanding 5 Vol.% (TiC + TiB) (1:4)/Ti-6Al-4V Ti-base composite material through sand paper → chemical oil removing → water washing → acid cleaning and rust removing → water washing → activating → water washing → chemical nickel plating → water washing → vacuum heat treatment. When the sand paper is ground, the sand paper is ground by using No. 240, No. 600 and No. 1000 water grinding sand paper in sequence; chemistryOil removal is carried out in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the oil removal liquid is NaOH (40g/L) and Na2CO3(20g/L) washing the mixed solution at room temperature for 16 min; the acid pickling rust removing solution comprises: HNO3(65% by mass) 60mL/L, HF (40% by mass) 70mL/L, H2O2Cleaning at room temperature for 1.5min, wherein the concentration of the cleaning solution is 100mL/L (30% mass concentration); the pretreated sample is then subjected to ultrasonic activation, and ZnSO is adopted for the preparation of an activation solution4·7H2O12 g/L, HF (40% mass concentration) 21mL/L, CH3(CH2)14CH2(CH3)3NBr 23mg/L, ultrasonic frequency selected to be 45KHz, power selected to be 200W, and activation time 10 s; suspending the activated titanium-based composite material in the prepared chemical plating solution, controlling the pH value to be 9, controlling the temperature to be 87 ℃, and controlling the plating time to be 25 min; the chemical plating solution is: NiCl2·6H2O 27g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 26g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 16g/L,Na3C6H5O7·3H2O 16g/L,(CH3COO)2Pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 27ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 30 mg/L. And after the chemical plating is finished, washing with water to obtain a nickel plating layer with a compact surface layer, as shown in FIG. 6. Then, the nickel plating layer with good combination is obtained on the surface of the titanium-based composite material through vacuum diffusion treatment at 900 ℃.
Example 3
A chemical nickel plating method for Ti-base composite material is carried out by sanding 5 Vol.% (TiC + TiB) (1:4)/Ti-6Al-4V Ti-base composite material through sand paper → chemical oil removing → water washing → acid cleaning and rust removing → water washing → activating → water washing → chemical nickel plating → water washing → vacuum heat treatment. When the sand paper is ground, the sand paper is ground by using No. 240, No. 600 and No. 1000 water grinding sand paper in sequence; chemical degreasing is carried out in an ultrasonic cleaner, and degreasing liquid is NaOH (40g/L) and Na2CO3(20g/L) washing the mixed solution at room temperature for 16 min; the acid pickling rust removing solution comprises: HNO3(65% by mass) 60mL/L, HF (40% by mass) 70mL/L, H2O2Cleaning at room temperature for 1.5min, wherein the concentration of the cleaning solution is 100mL/L (30% mass concentration); the pre-treated sample is then ultrasonically activated,the activating solution is prepared from ZnSO4·7H2O12 g/L, HF (40% mass concentration) 21mL/L, CH3(CH2)14CH2(CH3)3NBr 23mg/L, ultrasonic frequency selected to be 45KHz, power selected to be 200W, and activation time 10 s; suspending the activated titanium-based composite material in the prepared chemical plating solution, controlling the pH value to be 7, controlling the temperature to be 70 ℃, and controlling the plating time to be 25 min; the chemical plating solution is: NiCl2·6H2O 27g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 26g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 16g/L,Na3C6H5O7·3H2O 16g/L,(CH3COO)2Pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 27ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 30 mg/L. After the electroless plating was completed, it was found that no nickel plating could be obtained, as shown in FIG. 7.
Example 4
A chemical nickel plating method for Ti-base composite material is carried out by sanding 5 Vol.% (TiC + TiB) (1:4)/Ti-6Al-4V Ti-base composite material through sand paper → chemical oil removing → water washing → acid cleaning and rust removing → water washing → activating → water washing → chemical nickel plating → water washing → vacuum heat treatment. When the sand paper is ground, the sand paper is ground by using No. 240, No. 600 and No. 1000 water grinding sand paper in sequence; chemical degreasing is carried out in an ultrasonic cleaner, and degreasing liquid is NaOH (40g/L) and Na2CO3(20g/L) washing the mixed solution at room temperature for 16 min; the acid pickling rust removing solution comprises: HNO3(65% by mass) 60mL/L, HF (40% by mass) 70mL/L, H2O2Cleaning at room temperature for 1.5min, wherein the concentration of the cleaning solution is 100mL/L (30% mass concentration); the pretreated sample is then subjected to ultrasonic activation, and ZnSO is adopted for the preparation of an activation solution4·7H2O12 g/L, HF (40% mass concentration) 21mL/L, CH3(CH2)14CH2(CH3)3NBr 23mg/L, ultrasonic frequency selected to be 45KHz, power selected to be 200W, and activation time 10 s; suspending the activated titanium-based composite material in the prepared chemical plating solution, controlling the pH value to be 5, controlling the temperature to be 85 ℃, and controlling the plating time to be 25 min; the chemical plating solution is: NiCl2·6H2O 27g/L,NaH2PO2·H2O 26g/L,CH3COONa·3H2O 16g/L,Na3C6H5O7·3H2O 16g/L,(CH3COO)2Pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 27ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 30 mg/L. After the electroless plating was completed, it was found that no nickel plating could be obtained, as shown in FIG. 8.

Claims (7)

1. A method for chemically plating nickel on a titanium-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) performing surface pretreatment on the titanium-based composite material, including sequentially performing sand paper polishing, chemical oil removal, water washing, acid washing for rust removal, water washing, activation and water washing on the titanium-based composite material;
(2) chemical nickel plating;
(3) washing with water;
(4) and (4) carrying out vacuum diffusion heat treatment.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), chemical degreasing is performed in an ultrasonic cleaner, and degreasing liquid is 30-50 g/L NaOH and 15-30 g/L Na2CO3The mixed solution is washed for 10-20 min at room temperature.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the acid pickling rust removing solution is: 60mL/L of 65wt% HNO370mL/L of 40wt% HF, 100mL/L of 30wt% H2O2And cleaning for 1-2 min at room temperature.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the activating solution is: 10-15 g/L ZnSO4•7H2O, 20-30 mL/L of 40wt% HF, 20-30 mg/L of CH3(CH2)14CH2(CH3)3NBr 。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electroless plating solution is:NiCl2•6H2O 25~28 g/L、NaH2PO2•H2O 25~30 g/L、CH3COONa•3H2O 15~20 g/L、Na3C6H5O7•3H2O 18~20 g/L、(CH3COO)2pb 1mg/L, lactic acid 25-30 ml/L, C16H33(CH3)3NBr 20~40 mg/L、Al2O30-4 g/L of powder, and the pH value of the plating solution is controlled between 7 and 9, and the temperature is 80-90 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the Al is2O3Particle size of the powder<0.5μm。
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum heat treatment conditions are: degree of vacuum<10-2Pa, the temperature is 700-950 ℃, and the time is 20-40 min.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111733417A (en) * 2020-06-11 2020-10-02 华东交通大学 Method for low-temperature copper infiltration on surface of titanium or titanium alloy
CN111733417B (en) * 2020-06-11 2022-05-31 华东交通大学 Method for low-temperature copper infiltration on surface of titanium or titanium alloy

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Application publication date: 20200221

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