CN112048752A - Preparation method and application of cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating Download PDFInfo
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
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- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of protective coatings deposited on the surfaces of metal materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating. By adopting a composite electrodeposition technology and through the process of preactivation before plating, electrification in groove and heat treatment after plating, a cBN/Ni-Mo protective coating is prepared on a titanium alloy substrate, the surface structure of the cBN/Ni-Mo protective coating comprises a Ni phase and cubic boron nitride, and Mo atoms are dissolved in Ni crystal lattices to form a Ni-Mo alloy, and the structural coating has higher microhardness, film-base bonding strength and wear resistance. The titanium alloy blade tip protective coating related by the invention is successfully synthesized, can obviously improve the wear resistance and the temperature resistance of a titanium alloy base material, and has important significance for theoretical research and practical application of a wear-resistant sealing coating.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of protective coatings deposited on the surfaces of metal materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating.
Background art:
titanium alloy is widely applied to the aviation industry due to the advantages of small density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is a material which must be used by an aircraft engine with high thrust-weight ratio. However, the titanium alloy has poor wear resistance, and the surface is easy to form scratches during high-speed operation; in addition, the titanium alloy has low heat conductivity coefficient and high temperature, is easy to oxidize, and can cause serious safety accidents once titanium fire occurs. At present, the preparation of a sealing protective coating on a titanium alloy part is an effective way for preventing titanium fire and enhancing the wear resistance and oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy part. Compared with the preparation technology of relevant sealing coatings in China, China and other countries, the electroplating method has the advantages of lower synthesis temperature, convenience in operation, small limitation on the size and shape of a workpiece and the like, and is suitable for plating the compressor blade with a complex shape. However, titanium is a thermodynamically unstable metal, and a dense oxide film is easily formed on the surface of titanium, which greatly affects the performance of the coating. Therefore, the surface of the titanium alloy substrate needs to be pretreated before plating, and the key of the pretreatment is to form a proper 'active film' on the surface.
At present, among methods for forming an activated film on the surface of a titanium alloy, a titanium hydride film method is a method which is mature and has many applications. However, the titanium hydride electroplating activation membrane method needs dangerous chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid, ammonium bifluoride and the like in the preparation process, and once the operation is improper, the method is very easy to bring harm to the safety of people and the environment. More importantly, although titanium hydride itself has high chemical stability, it is decomposed slowly when used at temperatures above 400 ℃ and tends to cause peeling of the coating. For the titanium alloy blades of the air compressor of the advanced aeroengine, the actual service temperature is close to 600 ℃, and the potential safety hazard is caused. Therefore, the titanium hydride activation film method cannot meet the requirement of the titanium alloy blade in the middle-temperature service environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The preparation of the sealing protective coating on the surface of the titanium alloy is an effective way for preventing titanium fire and enhancing the wear resistance and oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy. However, the high temperature instability of the titanium hydride activation film formed in the electroplating process brings potential safety hazards to the normal operation of the engine. The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, wherein in the process of depositing a sealing coating by using a composite electroplating technology, the problem of poor interface matching of a titanium alloy substrate and the coating is successfully solved by using a process of preactivation before plating, charged groove and heat treatment after plating, so that the sealing protective coating deposited by electroplating has higher wear resistance, film-substrate bonding strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance, thereby prolonging the service life of the titanium alloy blade, improving the engine efficiency, reducing the oil consumption and reducing the cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating comprises the steps of firstly preparing a pure nickel activation layer on a substrate by utilizing a process of preactivation before plating and charged groove entering; then preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo coating by utilizing a composite electrodeposition technology, and finally carrying out heat treatment on the deposition-state coating; the surface structure of the cBN/Ni-Mo coating comprises a Ni phase and cubic boron nitride, and Mo atoms are dissolved in a Ni crystal lattice to form a Ni-Mo alloy.
In the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, the matrix is titanium alloy.
In the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, the Ni element accounts for 75-90% by atomic percentage and the Mo element accounts for 10-25% by atomic percentage in the Ni-Mo alloy.
According to the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, the particle size range of cBN particles is 80-150 mu m.
According to the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, the deposited coating is subjected to heat treatment to obtain the high-hardness wear-resistant temperature-resistant titanium alloy blade tip protective coating; the bonding force of the protective coating is tested by adopting a tensile test method, and the bonding force range of the protective coating is 50-55 MPa; the friction coefficient of the protective coating at normal temperature is 0.3-0.6, and the microhardness of the protective coating is 800-1100 HV.
The preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the pretreatment process comprises the following steps: the titanium alloy base material is required to be pretreated before deposition, and the pretreatment method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, sequentially polishing a matrix by using 240#, 400#, 600# and 800# sandpaper, then performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the matrix, then ultrasonically cleaning the matrix for 10-20 min by using acetone, rinsing the matrix by using alcohol and then drying the rinsed matrix;
(2) the nickel activation layer is deposited by adopting a process of preactivating before plating and charging into a groove, and the process parameters are as follows: before plating, etching and cleaning the titanium alloy substrate for 30-60 s by using 15-25 vol% hydrochloric acid; then connecting the substrate to the negative electrode of a power supply, putting the substrate into a watt liquid plating tank after electrifying to deposit a pure nickel activation layer with the thickness of 1-5 mu m; wherein the current density is 2-4A/dm2The temperature of the watt liquid in the plating bath is 40-50 ℃;
(3) the cBN hard particles are fixed by adopting a composite electroplating technology, and the technological parameters are as follows: uniformly arranging a layer of hard particles on the surface of a workpiece deposited with a nickel activation layer, putting the workpiece into a watt liquid for composite electroplating, wherein the temperature of the watt liquid in an electroplating bath is 35-50 ℃, and the current density is 0.5-2A/dm2The time is 0.1-1 h; taking out the workpiece after a specified time, brushing off the unfixed hard particles on the surface layer, and then putting the workpiece into a Ni-Mo solution for reinforcement, wherein the workpiece is a cathode, and the anode is a pure nickel plate;
(4) and after deposition, washing and drying by distilled water, and carrying out vacuum annealing at 400-500 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
According to the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, in the step (2) and the step (3), the deposition time is set according to the thickness of a required coating.
In the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, in the step (2) and the step (3), the watt liquid comprises the following components: 240-250 g/L of nickel sulfate, 35-50 g/L of nickel chloride, 35-40 g/L of boric acid, 0.4-0.6 g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.1-0.2 g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating comprises the following steps of (3): 60-80 g/L of nickel sulfate, 60-80 g/L of sodium citrate, 1-5 g/L of sodium molybdate, 0.4-0.6 g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.1-0.2 g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the balance of water; the reinforced electroplating process parameters are as follows: the pH value of the Ni-Mo solution is 7-10, the solution temperature during electroplating is 35-50 ℃, the stirring speed is 60-140 rpm, and the current density is 0.5-2A/dm2The electroplating time is 5-10 h.
The cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating is applied to surface protection of the titanium alloy blade tip and is used for improving the sealing performance of a gas turbine engine, and the protective coating has better oxidation resistance in a temperature range below 500 ℃.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts a composite electrodeposition technology to prepare the cBN/Ni-Mo protective coating on the titanium alloy substrate through the processes of preactivation before plating, electrification in groove and heat treatment after plating. The process of preactivation before plating, charged slot entering and heat treatment after plating can solve the problem of poor electroplating binding force of the titanium alloy and avoid the defects of other existing treatment methods. The cBN hard particles are added into the coating, so that excellent cutting performance can be endowed, and the effect of protecting the tip of the titanium alloy blade is achieved. The coating base material is Ni-Mo, and after heat treatment, the hardness can reach over 1000Hv, so that the fixing capacity of hard particles can be improved. In addition, the Ni-Mo has better oxidation resistance and other performances below 500 ℃, and can meet the service environment of the existing titanium alloy blade.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the titanium alloy blade tip protective coating prepared by the invention has the advantages that the binding force between the coating and a base material is more than 50MPa, the Vickers hardness of the coating is more than 1000HV, the average friction coefficient of the coating is about 0.45, and the titanium alloy blade tip protective coating has better oxidation resistance in a temperature range below 500 ℃.
2. The titanium alloy surface pretreatment process provided by the invention solves the problem of poor interface matching of a titanium alloy substrate and a coating, and provides technical support for the application of a sealing coating deposited by an electroplating technology to an aircraft engine titanium alloy blade.
3. The titanium alloy blade tip protection protective coating related by the invention can be applied to surface protection of the titanium alloy blade tip of an aircraft engine, and can effectively prolong the service life of the titanium alloy blade tip.
4. The titanium alloy blade tip protective coating related by the invention is successfully synthesized, can obviously improve the wear resistance and the temperature resistance of a titanium alloy base material, and has important significance for theoretical research and practical application of a wear-resistant sealing coating.
Description of the drawings:
FIGS. 1(a) to 1(b) are surface and cross-sectional topography diagrams of the tip protective coating of the titanium alloy blade. In which FIG. 1(a) is a surface and FIG. 1(b) is a cross section.
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the titanium alloy blade tip protective coating. In the figure, the abscissa 2 θ represents the diffraction angle (°), and the ordinate Intensity represents the relative Intensity (a.u ℃).
FIG. 3 is a graph of isothermal oxidation kinetics of a titanium alloy blade tip protective coating. In the figure, the abscissa OXIDATIONIME represents the oxidation time (h), and the ordinate Mass change represents the change in Mass (mg/cm)2)。
FIG. 4 is a graph of coefficient of friction of a titanium alloy blade tip protective coating as a function of time. In the figure, the abscissa Time represents Time (min), and the ordinate frictioncoeffient represents the Friction coefficient.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in the specific implementation process, the preparation method of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating adopts a composite electrodeposition technology, and prepares the cBN/Ni-Mo protective coating on a titanium alloy substrate through the processes of pre-activation before plating, electrification groove entering and heat treatment after plating, wherein the total thickness of the cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating is 90-100 mu m, and the structural coating has higher microhardness, film-base bonding strength and wear resistance.
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples.
Example 1
The base material adopts TC4 titanium alloy, and the titanium alloy base material needs to be pretreated before deposition, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, sequentially polishing a matrix by using 240#, 400#, 600# and 800# sandpaper, then performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the matrix, then ultrasonically cleaning for 15min by using acetone, rinsing by using alcohol and then drying;
preparing a nickel activation layer by adopting a process of preactivating before plating and charging into a groove with electricity:
putting the pretreated TC4 titanium alloy substrate into 20 vol% hydrochloric acid to be soaked for 30-60 s, and performing pre-activation before plating; then connecting the substrate to the negative electrode of a power supply, putting the substrate into a watt liquid plating tank after electrifying to deposit a pure nickel activation layer. Wherein, the specific technological parameters of the preplating Ni are as follows: the cathode-anode distance is 3cm, and the current density is 2A/dm2The time is 3min, the temperature of the watt liquid is 45 ℃, the workpiece is used as a cathode, the anode is a pure nickel target, and the thickness of a pure nickel activation layer is 3 mu m.
(II) preparing a titanium alloy blade tip protective coating by composite electrodeposition:
uniformly arranging a layer of cubic boron nitride (cBN) hard particles on the surface of a workpiece plated with a pure nickel activation layer, putting the workpiece into watt liquid for composite electroplating, wherein the particle size of the hard particles is 100 mu m, and the specific electroplating process parameters are as follows: the distance between the anode and the cathode is 3cm, and the current density is 1A/dm2The time is 1h, and the temperature of the watt liquid is 45 ℃.
Taking out the workpiece after a specified time, brushing off the unfixed hard particles on the surface of the workpiece, and then putting the workpiece into a Ni-Mo solution for reinforcement, wherein the specific reinforcement technological parameters are as follows: the distance between the anode and the cathode is 3cm, the pH value of the solution is 9, the stirring speed is 100rpm, and the current density is 1A/dm2The time is 10h, the temperature of the watt liquid is 45 ℃, the workpiece is used as a cathode, the anode is a pure nickel target, and the deposition cBN/Ni-Mo composite coating is formed.
The watt liquid comprises the following components: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 35g/L of nickel chloride, 40g/L of boric acid, 0.6g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.2g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the balance of water.
The Ni-Mo solution comprises the following components: 70g/L of nickel sulfate, 70g/L of sodium citrate, 3g/L of sodium molybdate, 0.5g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.15g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the balance of water.
And after the composite electrodeposition is finished, washing and drying by distilled water, and carrying out vacuum annealing on the deposited cBN/Ni-Mo composite coating for 1h at 450 ℃.
A single-sided cBN/Ni-Mo composite coating is plated on a TC4 substrate, and the bonding force between the coating and the substrate is measured to be 55MPa by adopting a tensile test method.
As shown in fig. 1(a) -1 (b), the prepared coating has uniform surface morphology and cross-sectional morphology, and the cBN particles are partially embedded in the coating and partially exposed; the coating has compact structure and uniform thickness distribution. The total thickness of the coating was about 80 μm.
As shown in fig. 2, the phase composition in the coating was examined by XRD, and the surface structure of the coating was mainly composed of Ni phase and cBN. Among them, the Ni peak positions are all shifted to a small angle due to Mo atoms solid-dissolved in the Ni lattice. In the Ni-Mo alloy, the atomic percentage of Ni element is 85%, and the atomic percentage of Mo element is 15%.
And (3) placing the prepared workpiece into a corundum crucible which is previously burnt to constant weight to perform a constant-temperature oxidation experiment, and testing a weight gain curve of the workpiece by adopting a discontinuous weighing method. In the experimental process, a corundum crucible loaded with a workpiece is placed in a high-temperature muffle furnace at corresponding temperature, the workpiece is taken out at certain time intervals, the temperature is cooled to room temperature, and then the precision is 10-5g, the electronic balance weighs the total weight of the crucible with the work, and then the crucible is put into a muffle furnace to continue oxidation. As shown in FIG. 3, the constant temperature oxidation kinetics curve of the coating is that the coating rapidly gains weight 10h before constant temperature oxidation at 500 ℃, and then the oxidation rate slows down. After 100 hours of oxidation, the weight gain reaches 0.094mg/cm2The complete oxidation resistance level is achieved, and the protective coating has better oxidation resistance in a temperature range below 500 ℃.
Example 2
The workpiece obtained in the embodiment 1 is subjected to pretreatment before plating and composite electrodeposition to prepare the titanium alloy blade tip protective coating, and the total thickness of the final coating is 160-200 mu m.
Ultrasonic cleaning, oil removing and impurity removing are carried out on the prepared workpiece, and reciprocating type experimental method is adopted for determinationThe frictional wear performance of the coating is measured by the following parameters: opposite grinding pair
Al2O3The ball is loaded with 20N, the reciprocating frequency is 5Hz, the reciprocating length is 10mm, the abrasion time is 30min, and the experimental environment is room temperature and atmospheric environment. No obvious grinding mark is found on the surface of the workpiece after the experiment, which shows that the coating has excellent wear resistance. As shown in FIG. 4, the average coefficient of friction of the coating was 0.45 as a function of the time of friction. The microhardness of the protective coating is 1000HV through detection. The wear rate of the obtained cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating is low, and the wear resistance is excellent.
The embodiment result shows that the cBN/Ni-Mo composite coating is successfully prepared by the composite electrodeposition process, the coating has high hardness, good film-substrate binding force and excellent frictional wear and high temperature resistance, the low wear resistance and the oxidability of the titanium alloy blade can be obviously improved, and the method has important significance for protecting the titanium alloy blade, prolonging the service life of the blade, reducing the occurrence probability of titanium fire and improving the thrust-weight ratio of an engine.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating is characterized in that firstly, a pure nickel activation layer is prepared on a substrate by utilizing the process of preactivation before plating and charged groove entering; then preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo coating by utilizing a composite electrodeposition technology, and finally carrying out heat treatment on the deposition-state coating; the surface structure of the cBN/Ni-Mo coating comprises a Ni phase and cubic boron nitride, and Mo atoms are dissolved in a Ni crystal lattice to form a Ni-Mo alloy.
2. The method of making a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the substrate is a titanium alloy.
3. The method for preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating according to claim 1, wherein in the Ni-Mo alloy, the atomic percentage of Ni element is 75-90%, and the atomic percentage of Mo is 10-25%.
4. The method for preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cBN particles have a particle size in the range of 80 to 150 μm.
5. The method for preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating according to claim 1, wherein the as-deposited coating is subjected to heat treatment to obtain a high-hardness wear-resistant temperature-resistant titanium alloy blade tip protective coating; the bonding force of the protective coating is tested by adopting a tensile test method, and the bonding force range of the protective coating is 50-55 MPa; the friction coefficient of the protective coating at normal temperature is 0.3-0.6, and the microhardness of the protective coating is 800-1100 HV.
6. The method for producing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the pretreatment process comprises the following steps: the titanium alloy base material is required to be pretreated before deposition, and the pretreatment method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, sequentially polishing a matrix by using 240#, 400#, 600# and 800# sandpaper, then performing sand blasting treatment on the surface of the matrix, then ultrasonically cleaning the matrix for 10-20 min by using acetone, rinsing the matrix by using alcohol and then drying the rinsed matrix;
(2) the nickel activation layer is deposited by adopting a process of preactivating before plating and charging into a groove, and the process parameters are as follows: before plating, etching and cleaning the titanium alloy substrate for 30-60 s by using 15-25 vol% hydrochloric acid; then connecting the substrate to the negative electrode of a power supply, putting the substrate into a watt liquid plating tank after electrifying to deposit a pure nickel activation layer with the thickness of 1-5 mu m; wherein the current density is 2-4A/dm2The temperature of the watt liquid in the plating bath is 40-50 ℃;
(3) the cBN hard particles are fixed by adopting a composite electroplating technology, and the technological parameters are as follows: uniformly arranging a layer of hard particles on the surface of a workpiece deposited with a nickel activation layer, putting the workpiece into a watt liquid for composite electroplating, wherein the temperature of the watt liquid in an electroplating bath is 35-50 ℃, and the current density is 0.5-2A/dm2The time is 0.1-1 h; when it is to be designatedTaking out the workpiece after the machining, brushing off the hard particles on the surface layer which are not fixed, and then putting the workpiece into a Ni-Mo solution for reinforcement, wherein the workpiece is a cathode, and the anode is a pure nickel plate;
(4) and after deposition, washing and drying by distilled water, and carrying out vacuum annealing at 400-500 ℃ for 0.5-2 h.
7. The method for preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), the deposition time is set according to the thickness of the required coating.
8. The method for preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), the composition of the watt liquid is as follows: 240-250 g/L of nickel sulfate, 35-50 g/L of nickel chloride, 35-40 g/L of boric acid, 0.4-0.6 g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.1-0.2 g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the balance of water.
9. The method for preparing a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating according to claim 6, wherein in step (3), the composition of the Ni-Mo solution is as follows: 60-80 g/L of nickel sulfate, 60-80 g/L of sodium citrate, 1-5 g/L of sodium molybdate, 0.4-0.6 g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.1-0.2 g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the balance of water; the reinforced electroplating process parameters are as follows: the pH value of the Ni-Mo solution is 7-10, the solution temperature during electroplating is 35-50 ℃, the stirring speed is 60-140 rpm, and the current density is 0.5-2A/dm2The electroplating time is 5-10 h.
10. Use of a cBN/Ni-Mo titanium alloy blade tip protective coating as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the titanium alloy blade tip protective coating is applied to the surface protection of a titanium alloy blade tip and is used to improve the sealing performance of a gas turbine engine, the protective coating having a good oxidation resistance in the temperature range below 500 ℃.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114214684A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-03-22 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Metal-ceramic gradient composite coating on surface of precision part and preparation method thereof |
| CN114892241A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | High-temperature wear-resistant Ni-Mo-based nitride ceramic phase composite coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN115637400A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-01-24 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Titanium alloy blade with high-bonding-force wear-resistant protective coating and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114892241A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-12 | 国网福建省电力有限公司 | High-temperature wear-resistant Ni-Mo-based nitride ceramic phase composite coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN115637400A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-01-24 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Titanium alloy blade with high-bonding-force wear-resistant protective coating and preparation method thereof |
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