CN110819860A - Aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- -1 Aluminum-copper-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical group O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910017566 Cu-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910017871 Cu—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material takes aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder and nano metal oxide as raw materials, and the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is obtained through 3D printing; the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has the characteristics of no thermal crack and high strength; the porosity of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material obtained by the method is 1-30%; the microhardness is 60-80 HV.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of inorganic materials, and relates to an aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aluminum-copper-manganese alloy has light specific gravity, high oxidation resistance and hardness and good machining performance, can be used as a light high-strength structural material, is commonly used for manufacturing various light high-load parts and structural members, and is widely applied to the civil and military fields of automobiles, ships, aerospace, aviation and the like.
CN105568093A discloses an aluminum-copper-manganese alloy for lithium battery housing and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises: 1.1-1.8 wt% Cu; 1.0 wt% to 1.6 wt% Mn; 0.6-1.0 wt% Mg; 0.3 wt% to 0.5 wt% Fe; 0.2 to 0.5 weight percent Ce or 0.2 to 0.3 weight percent CeLa; less than 0.04 wt% Si; the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy comprises the following steps: (A) forming the alloy into a cold rolled alloy strip; (B) the cold-rolled alloy strip is subjected to aging heat treatment, so that the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy plate is obtained.
CN106636772A discloses an aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum alloy composite material comprises 70-85 parts of aluminum, 2.5-3 parts of copper, 0.4-0.8 part of manganese, 1.0-1.5 parts of magnesium and 3.0-5.0 parts of titanium; the preparation process of the aluminum alloy composite material comprises the step of smelting all the components to obtain the aluminum alloy composite material, and the method of the scheme has the defects that the product is easy to have poor mechanical property and casting defects such as shrinkage porosity, segregation and the like.
However, 3D printing aluminum-copper-manganese alloy based on high-energy beam has high thermal cracking sensitivity, is easy to generate thermal cracking defects, and drastically reduces the formability and mechanical properties of the material.
Therefore, the development of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material which has no thermal cracks, excellent mechanical properties and simple and efficient preparation method and the preparation method thereof are still significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material takes aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder and nano metal oxide as raw materials, and the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is obtained through 3D printing; the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has the characteristics of no thermal crack and high strength; the porosity of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material obtained by the method is 1-30%; the microhardness is 60-80 HV.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material, which comprises the steps of mixing aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder and a nano metal oxide, and carrying out 3D printing to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material.
In the traditional method, the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy is directly subjected to laser sintering, cracks cannot be eliminated by adjusting process parameters such as laser power in the preparation process, and the product is difficult to obtain stable and excellent mechanical properties, so that the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has unsatisfactory properties; in the preparation process of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material, the method mixes the nano metal oxide in the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, the nano metal oxide can react with Al in situ in a high-temperature micro molten pool, and the nano metal oxide reacts with Al in situ to form TiO2+Al→Al2O3+Al3Ti to generate a high-hardness intermetallic compound with the melting point of more than 2000 ℃, and the size of the intermetallic compound is less than 500nm, thereby strengthening the alloy, leading the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material to have high strength and avoiding the occurrence of thermal cracks.
The method adds nano metal oxide particles into aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, and then carries out laser sintering to carry out chemical reaction in a high-temperature micro molten pool so as to play the roles of in-situ compounding and in-situ alloying, so that the aluminum-copper-manganese composite material not only can be used as an efficient heterogeneous nucleating agent to refine grains and inhibit the generation of hot cracks, but also can be used for manufacturing in-situ reinforced phase compounding in a matrix, and metal elements in the nano metal oxide particles can be dissolved in the matrix in a solid manner, and the porosity of the matrix can be controlled by adjusting parameters in a 3D printing process, so that the in-situ compounded in-situ alloyed aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is obtained, and the stable and uniform aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material with low density and high strength is directly obtained.
Preferably, the nano metal oxide is TiO2。
Preferably, the particle size of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder is less than or equal to 200 meshes, such as 250 meshes, 300 meshes, 350 meshes, 400 meshes and the like.
Preferably, the particle size of the nano metal oxide is less than or equal to 200 meshes, such as 250 meshes, 300 meshes, 350 meshes, 400 meshes and the like.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder to the nano metal oxide is 20-350, such as 30, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300.
In the preparation process of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material, the addition amount of the nano metal oxide is controlled so that the content of the metal element in the nano metal oxide is greater than the solid solubility of the metal element in aluminum but not too large; in the preparation process, the addition of the nano metal oxide is controlled within the range, and the excessive metal elements can generate a nano intermetallic compound with aluminum in the aluminum matrix under the high-energy beam 3D printing condition to strengthen the alloy; however, when the content of the metal element is too high, the intermetallic compound is coarsened and directionally grown, which may degrade the alloy properties.
The 3D printing is a 3D printing technology which is stacked layer by layer.
Preferably, the laser power during the 3D printing is 100-.
The power of the 3D printing process is in the range, so that good printing and forming are facilitated, and when the laser power is larger than 340W, the normal working range of the printing equipment is exceeded; when the laser power is less than 100W, the input energy is too low, cracks are easy to appear, the powder is not fully melted, and the forming quality is very poor.
Preferably, the scanning rate during 3D printing is 33-417mm/s, such as 50mm/s, 70mm/s, 90mm/s, 120mm/s, 150mm/s, 200mm/s, 250mm/s, 300mm/s, 350mm/s or 400mm/s, etc., preferably 83-165 mm/s.
The scanning speed in the 3D printing process is in the range, powder melting and forming are facilitated, and when the scanning speed is less than 33mm/s, forming equipment is prone to failure and cannot be formed normally; when the scanning rate is more than 417mm/s, the input energy is low, the powder is insufficiently melted, cracks are easy to occur, and the forming quality is very poor.
Preferably, the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the impurity elements are impurity elements introduced due to raw materials and equipment in the preparation process of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, and comprise Mg, Fe, V, Zr, Zn or Ti, wherein the mass percentage of Mg is less than or equal to 0.02 percent, such as 0.01 percent or 0.015 percent and the like, the mass percentage of Fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, such as 0.1 percent or 0.2 percent and the like, the mass percentage of V is less than or equal to 0.15 percent, such as 0.05 percent or 0.1 percent and the like, the mass percentage of Zr is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, such as 0.1 percent or 0.2 percent and the like, the mass percentage of Zn is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, such as 0.05 percent or 0.08 percent and the mass percentage of Ti is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, such as 0.05 percent or 0.08 percent and the like, and the total content of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.6 percent.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder comprises the steps of mixing metal aluminum, metal copper and metal manganese, and carrying out smelting and gas atomization treatment to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder.
In the preparation process of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, due to raw materials and equipment, some impurity elements are introduced into the product, and the content of the impurity elements in the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder is controlled to be below 0.6 percent.
Preferably, the temperature of the smelting is 800-900 ℃, such as 820 ℃, 850 ℃ or 880 ℃, and the like.
Preferably, the smelting is carried out in a vacuum induction smelting furnace.
Preferably, the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder obtained by the gas atomization treatment is spherical.
Preferably, the gas atomization treatment further comprises collecting and screening the product.
Preferably, the mesh number of the screen used for screening is greater than or equal to 200 meshes, such as 300 meshes, 400 meshes, 500 meshes or 600 meshes.
Preferably, the process of mixing the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder with the nano metal oxide is performed in a three-dimensional swing powder mixer.
Preferably, the mixing time is ≧ 1h, such as 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, or 10h, and the like.
Preferably, the mixing further comprises drying the product.
Preferably, the drying is vacuum drying.
Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 80-100 ℃, such as 85 ℃, 90 ℃ or 95 ℃ and the like.
Preferably, the vacuum drying time is 3-5h, such as 3.5h, 4h or 4.5h, etc.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, wherein the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder comprises the steps of mixing metal aluminum, metal copper and metal manganese, smelting at the temperature of 900 ℃ below 800-;
(2) mixing the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes obtained in the step (1) with the nano metal oxide with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes, and then carrying out vacuum drying;
(3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in 3D printing forming equipment, and performing 3D printing on the product at the laser power of 100-340W and the scanning speed of 33-417mm/s to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material prepared by the method of the first aspect, wherein the porosity of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material is 1-30%, such as 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, etc.
Preferably, the microhardness of the aluminum copper manganese porous composite material is 60-80HV, such as 62HV, 65HV, 68HV, 70HV, 72HV, 75HV or 78HV and the like.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material according to the second aspect in the fields of aerospace, transportation, construction engineering, mechanical engineering or environmental protection.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the porosity of an aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material, wherein the method adopts the method described in the first aspect, and the porosity of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is regulated and controlled by regulating the laser power and the scanning rate in the 3D printing process.
The method can regulate and control the pore structure of the prepared aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material by regulating the laser power and the scanning rate in the 3D printing process, so that the preparation process of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is more controllable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the preparation process of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material, the nano metal oxide is added into aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, and then the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is sintered by laser, and undergoes chemical reaction in a high-temperature molten pool, so that the functions of in-situ compounding and in-situ alloying of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material are exerted, the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material can be used as an efficient heterogeneous nucleating agent, grains are refined, the generation of heat cracks is inhibited, in-situ reinforcing phase compounding is manufactured in a matrix, metal elements in nano metal oxide particles can be dissolved in the matrix in a solid manner, the in-situ compounding in-situ alloying aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is obtained, the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is free of heat cracks, the porosity of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is 1-30%;
(2) the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has the advantages of low laser power, high scanning speed and high production efficiency;
(3) the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material can also control the porosity of the matrix by adjusting the parameters of the 3D printing process, so as to regulate the density of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material;
(4) the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has the advantages of simple preparation process, wide raw material source, low cost, stable product property, easy storage and transportation and easy realization of large-scale industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic morphology of an Al-Cu-Mn porous composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of the porous Al-Cu-Mn composite prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of the porous Al-Cu-Mn composite prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of the porous Al-Cu-Mn composite prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of the porous Al-Cu-Mn composite prepared in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure of the porous Al-Cu-Mn composite prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, wherein the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder comprises the steps of mixing metal aluminum, metal copper and metal manganese according to a formula ratio, putting the mixture into a vacuum induction smelting furnace for smelting at 700 ℃, then carrying out gas atomization for preparing powder to obtain spherical powder, and obtaining the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes through a powder collecting device and a screening device;
based on the mass of the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder as 100%, the mass percentage of Al in the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder is 92.9%, the mass percentage of Cu is 6.2%, the mass percentage of Mn is 0.3%, and the mass percentage of impurity elements is 0.6%;
(2) mixing the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes obtained in the step (1) and nano TiO with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes2Rapidly turning, inverting and shaking the powder in a three-dimensional swinging powder mixer for 2 hours to uniformly mix the powder, and then carrying out vacuum drying for 4 hours at 90 ℃; the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder and the nano TiO2The mass ratio of the powder is 100;
(3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) into 3D printing forming equipment, and carrying out 3D printing on the product at the laser power of 300W and the scanning speed of 83mm/s to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material.
The morphology of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from the graph that the obtained porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material has no thermal cracks, has circular closed pores and is relatively uniform in distribution, and the porosity of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material is 3.95% through a test, and the mechanical property of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material is tested according to the GB/T228-2010 standard, and the test result is that the microhardness is 73.5 HV.
Example 2
The present example is different from example 1 in that the laser power in step (3) is 250W, the scanning rate is 165mm/s, and other conditions are exactly the same as those in example 1.
The morphology of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from the graph that the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has no thermal cracks, has circular closed pores, and has a porosity of 4.67% by a test, and a mechanical property test is performed on the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material according to the GB/T228-2010 standard, and a test result is that the microhardness is 72.22 HV.
Example 3
The present example is different from example 1 in that the laser power in step (3) is 340W, the scanning rate is 333mm/s, and other conditions are exactly the same as those in example 1.
The morphology of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from the graph that the obtained aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material has no thermal cracks, has circular closed pores, and has a porosity of 4.32% by a test, and a mechanical property test is performed on the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material according to the GB/T228-2010 standard, and a test result is that the microhardness is 72.96 HV.
Example 4
The present example is different from example 1 in that the laser power in step (3) is 260W, the scanning rate is 50mm/s, and other conditions are exactly the same as those in example 1.
The morphology of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen from the morphology that the obtained porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material has no thermal cracks, has circular closed pores, and has a porosity of 3.74% by a test, and a mechanical property test is performed on the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material according to the GB/T228-2010 standard, and a test result is that the microhardness is 75.2 HV.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the Al-Cu-Mn alloy powder and the nano TiO in step (2)2The powder mass ratio was 333, and the other conditions were completely the same as those in example 1.
The morphology of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material prepared in the embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from the morphology that the obtained porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material has no thermal cracks, has circular closed pores, and has a porosity of 11.2% by testing, and the mechanical property of the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material is tested according to the GB/T228-2010 standard, and the test result is that the microhardness is 67.3 HV.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that no nano TiO was added in step (2)2The powder was prepared under exactly the same conditions as in example 1.
This comparative example does not add nano TiO in step (2)2The powder, the aluminum copper manganese porous composite material prepared from it, had cracks appearing thereon, as shown in fig. 6.
The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder and nano metal oxide, and carrying out 3D printing to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nano-metal oxide is TiO2；
Preferably, the particle size of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder is less than or equal to 200 meshes;
preferably, the particle size of the nano metal oxide is less than or equal to 200 meshes;
preferably, the mass ratio of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder to the nano metal oxide is 20-350.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser power during the 3D printing is 340W, preferably 300W, 100W;
preferably, the scanning rate during said 3D printing is 33-417mm/s, preferably 83-165 mm/s.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method for preparing the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder comprises mixing metallic aluminum, metallic copper and metallic manganese, and performing smelting and gas atomization treatment to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder;
preferably, the smelting temperature is 800-900 ℃;
preferably, the smelting is carried out in a vacuum induction smelting furnace;
preferably, the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder obtained by the gas atomization treatment is spherical;
preferably, the gas atomization treatment further comprises collecting and screening the product;
preferably, the mesh number of the screen used for screening is more than or equal to 200 meshes.
6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the mixing of the aluminum copper manganese alloy powder with the nano metal oxide is performed in a three-dimensional rocking powder mixer;
preferably, the mixing time is more than or equal to 1 h;
preferably, the mixing further comprises drying the product;
preferably, the drying is vacuum drying;
preferably, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 80-100 ℃;
preferably, the vacuum drying time is 3-5 h.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) preparing aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder, wherein the preparation method of the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder comprises the steps of mixing metal aluminum, metal copper and metal manganese, smelting at the temperature of 900 ℃ below 800-;
(2) mixing the aluminum-copper-manganese alloy powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 200 meshes obtained in the step (1) with a nano metal oxide, and then carrying out vacuum drying;
(3) and (3) placing the product obtained in the step (2) in 3D printing forming equipment, and performing 3D printing on the product at the laser power of 100-340W and the scanning speed of 33-417mm/s to obtain the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material.
8. The porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the porosity in the porous aluminum-copper-manganese composite material is 1% to 30%;
preferably, the microhardness of the aluminum-copper-manganese porous composite material is 60-80 HV.
9. Use of the porous aluminum copper manganese composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that the composite material is used in the fields of aerospace, transportation, construction engineering, mechanical engineering or environmental protection.
10. A method of regulating the porosity of an aluminum copper manganese porous composite material, characterized in that the method adopts the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the porosity of the aluminum copper manganese porous composite material is regulated by regulating the laser power and the scanning rate during 3D printing.
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