CN110819857B - Rail train automobile body thin-wall aluminum profile - Google Patents
Rail train automobile body thin-wall aluminum profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110819857B CN110819857B CN201911131279.6A CN201911131279A CN110819857B CN 110819857 B CN110819857 B CN 110819857B CN 201911131279 A CN201911131279 A CN 201911131279A CN 110819857 B CN110819857 B CN 110819857B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/041—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures with bodies characterised by use of light metal, e.g. aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a thin-wall aluminum profile of a rail train body, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.66-0.72% of Si, 0.18-0.24% of Fe, 0.24-0.3% of Mn, 0.42-0.46% of Mg, 0.04-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.08% of Ti, 0.03-0.05% of Cu, 0.14-0.2% of La, 0.12-0.16% of Sr, 0.05-0.08% of Ce and the balance of Al. The thin-wall aluminum profile for the rail train body has the advantages of excellent tensile strength, fatigue strength, elongation and corrosion resistance, good comprehensive performance, capability of better meeting the use requirement of the rail train body and prolonging the service life and safety of the rail train body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a thin-wall aluminum profile of a rail train body.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of small specific gravity, high specific strength, good processability and the like, and is widely applied in various fields. With the development of rail train body processing technology and the trend of light weight of vehicles, aluminum profiles are gradually applied to structural materials of rail train bodies. The rail train body is generally a thin-wall hollow section, has the characteristics of large size, large section, complex shape and the like, and has complex and changeable external environment contacted with the rail train body, and has a certain probability of corrosion or stress fracture, so that higher requirements on the tensile strength, fatigue strength, elongation, corrosion resistance and other properties of the body material are provided. At present, most of materials applied to hollow sections of rail train bodies are 6005A aluminum alloys, the welding performance is good, and the mechanical properties are general. In order to meet the use requirements of the rail train body and improve the service life and safety of the rail train body, the overall performance of the aluminum profile needs to be comprehensively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a thin-wall aluminum profile for a rail train body, which has excellent tensile strength, fatigue strength, elongation and corrosion resistance and good overall performance.
The invention provides a thin-wall aluminum profile of a rail train body, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.66-0.72% of Si, 0.18-0.24% of Fe, 0.24-0.3% of Mn, 0.42-0.46% of Mg, 0.04-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.08% of Ti, 0.03-0.05% of Cu, 0.14-0.2% of La, 0.12-0.16% of Sr, 0.05-0.08% of Ce and the balance of Al.
Preferably, in the components of the aluminum profile, Sr + La + Ce is more than or equal to 0.35 percent.
Preferably, the preparation method of the thin-wall aluminum profile of the railway train body comprises the following steps:
s1, homogenizing annealing: firstly, carrying out staged homogenization annealing treatment on an aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting according to the components at 535-585 ℃, and then carrying out air cooling to normal temperature;
s2, hot extrusion: carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot cooled in the step S1 on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 500 ℃ and 515 ℃, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to the normal temperature;
s3, solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the section blank obtained in the step S2 at 540-570 ℃ for 1-1.5h, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to normal temperature;
s4, artificial aging: and (5) artificially aging the section blank obtained after cooling in the step S3 at the temperature of 165-180 ℃ for 7-9h, and cooling to normal temperature by air cooling to obtain the section blank.
Preferably, in step S1, the step of step-wise homogenizing annealing includes: firstly, the temperature is preserved for 2-4h at 535-550 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 560-575 ℃ for 3-5h, and finally the temperature is preserved for 5-8min at 580-585 ℃.
Preferably, in step S2, the specific conditions of the hot extrusion are: the extrusion ratio is 41.5-45.5, and the extrusion speed is 1-2.5 m/min.
Preferably, in step S2, the water-cooling quenching specifically includes: cooling to 280-310 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8-10 ℃/s, cooling to 150-180 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4-5 ℃/s, and cooling to normal temperature at a cooling rate of 2-2.5 ℃/s.
Preferably, in the step S3, the cooling rate of the water-cooling quenching is 20-30 ℃/S.
Preferably, in the step S4, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 3-5 ℃/S.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the raw material components of the present invention, Mg and Si form a main strengthening phase Mg2Si; cr can regulate strengthening phase Mg2Si is precipitated at grain boundary, Mn can refine recrystallized grains and promote Mg2Uniform distribution of Si phase; cu can generate solid solution strengthening effect, so that the strength of the section is improved, but the corrosion resistance is reduced; la can form Al in the matrix11La3When the rare earth compound is in the corrosion-resistant phase, the corrosion resistance of the section is improved, the adverse effect of Cu on the corrosion resistance is compensated, and Al in the alloy can be affected8SiFe2Isocompound phase and main strengthening phase Mg2The Si phase plays a thinning role to further improve the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of the section, but along with the increase of the La content, the La-containing crystalline phase is greatly aggregated to form a coarse blocky phase which is unfavorable for the performance of the alloy, so the single La effect is limited; through the coordination of La, Sr and Ce with proper content, not only can the formation of a coarse rare earth compound phase be avoided, the adverse effect on the alloy performance can be avoided, but also Mg can be better promoted2Refining Si phase to form coarse dendritic Mg2The Si phase is changed into fine, dispersed and uniformly distributed particles, and the strength, plasticity and corrosion resistance of the alloy are improved. In the preparation method, by selecting a proper staged homogenization annealing process, atoms can be more fully diffused in a solid phase, the homogenization degree of matrix components is improved, intragranular segregation and brittle phases are reduced, the number of dispersed phase particles is increased, and the size of the dispersed phase particles is reduced, so that the toughness and corrosion resistance of the section are improved, and overburning caused by overhigh annealing temperature can be avoided; by selecting proper extrusion conditions and a quenching process after extrusion, particularly controlling different cooling speeds after extrusion, and carrying out water cooling quenching by stages, the method is favorable for improving the solid solution degree of alloy elements and promoting the refinement of dispersed phases, thereby improving the strength and plasticity of the section bar and avoiding the uneven alloy structure and the twisting deformation of the section bar caused by the overhigh cooling speed; by selecting a proper cooling mode and cooling speed after solution treatment and artificial aging, coarsening of a strengthening phase can be further relieved, and residual stress in the section can be reduced, so that the mechanical property and the service durability of the section are improved. Based on the raw material components and the preparation process, the thin-wall aluminum profile for the train body of the rail train has excellent tensile strength and fatigue strengthThe elongation and corrosion resistance, and the comprehensive performance is good, so that the use requirement of the rail train body can be better met, and the service life and the safety of the rail train body are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A thin-wall aluminum profile for a rail train body comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.66% of Si, 0.18% of Fe, 0.24% of Mn, 0.42% of Mg, 0.04% of Cr, 0.04% of Ti, 0.03% of Cu, 0.14% of La, 0.16% of Sr, 0.05% of Ce and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the preparation method of the thin-wall aluminum profile of the railway train body comprises the following steps:
s1, homogenizing annealing: firstly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot according to components, preserving heat for 2 hours at 535 ℃, then heating to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, finally preserving heat for 5 minutes at 580 ℃, and then cooling to normal temperature in an air cooling mode;
s2, hot extrusion: carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot cooled in the step S1 on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 500 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 41.5 and the extrusion speed of 1m/min, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to 280 ℃ at the cooling speed of 8 ℃/S, cooling to 150 ℃ at the cooling speed of 4 ℃/S, and finally cooling to the normal temperature at the cooling speed of 2 ℃/S;
s3, solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the section blank obtained in the step S2 at 540 ℃ for 1h, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to normal temperature at a cooling speed of 20 ℃/S;
s4, artificial aging: and (5) artificially aging the section blank obtained after cooling in the step S3 at 165 ℃ for 7h, and cooling to normal temperature by air cooling at the cooling speed of 3 ℃/S to obtain the product.
Example 2
A thin-wall aluminum profile for a rail train body comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.7% of Si, 0.22% of Fe, 0.26% of Mn, 0.45% of Mg, 0.05% of Cr, 0.06% of Ti, 0.035% of Cu, 0.18% of La, 0.14% of Sr, 0.06% of Ce and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the preparation method of the thin-wall aluminum profile of the railway train body comprises the following steps:
s1, homogenizing annealing: firstly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot according to components, preserving heat for 3 hours at 540 ℃, then heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, finally preserving heat for 6 minutes at 583 ℃, and then cooling to normal temperature by air cooling;
s2, hot extrusion: carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot cooled in the step S1 on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 510 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 43.5 and the extrusion speed of 1.5m/min, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to 300 ℃ at the cooling speed of 10 ℃/S, cooling to 180 ℃ at the cooling speed of 4.5 ℃/S, and finally cooling to the normal temperature at the cooling speed of 2.5 ℃/S;
s3, solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the section blank obtained in the step S2 at 565 ℃ for 1.2h, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to normal temperature at the cooling speed of 25 ℃/S;
s4, artificial aging: and (5) artificially aging the section blank obtained after cooling in the step S3 at 175 ℃ for 8h, and cooling to normal temperature by air cooling at the cooling speed of 4 ℃/S to obtain the finished product.
Example 3
A thin-wall aluminum profile for a rail train body comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
0.72% of Si, 0.24% of Fe, 0.3% of Mn, 0.46% of Mg, 0.08% of Cr, 0.08% of Ti, 0.05% of Cu, 0.2% of La, 0.12% of Sr, 0.05% of Ce and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the preparation method of the thin-wall aluminum profile of the railway train body comprises the following steps:
s1, homogenizing annealing: firstly, casting an aluminum alloy ingot according to components, preserving heat for 4 hours at 550 ℃, then heating to 575 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, finally preserving heat for 8 minutes at 585 ℃, and then cooling to normal temperature by air cooling;
s2, hot extrusion: carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot cooled in the step S1 on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 515 ℃, the extrusion ratio of 45.5 and the extrusion speed of 2.5m/min, then carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to 310 ℃ at the cooling speed of 10 ℃/S, cooling to 180 ℃ at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/S, and finally cooling to the normal temperature at the cooling speed of 2.5 ℃/S;
s3, solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the section blank obtained in the step S2 at 570 ℃ for 1.5h, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to normal temperature at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/S;
s4, artificial aging: and (5) artificially aging the section blank obtained after cooling in the step (S3) at 180 ℃ for 9h, and cooling to normal temperature by air cooling at the cooling speed of 5 ℃/S to obtain the finished product.
The aluminum profiles obtained in the examples 1 to 3 are subjected to performance tests with the existing 6005A aluminum alloy profile, wherein the existing 6005A aluminum alloy profile comprises the following specific components: 0.66% of Si, 0.18% of Fe, 0.24% of Mn, 0.42% of Mg, 0.04% of Cr, 0.04% of Ti, 0.03% of Cu, 0.01% of Zn and the balance of Al. Wherein, the mechanical property is tested according to the GB228-2010 standard; the corrosion resistance test is carried out according to the acetate spray (CASS) test method in GB-T10125, and the weight loss rate of each sample is measured after 120 h. The test results are shown in the following table:
| performance index | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Existing aluminum profile |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 318 | 326 | 301 | 278 |
| Yield strength (MPa) | 290 | 301 | 274 | 249 |
| Elongation (%) | 15 | 14.5 | 16 | 13 |
| Corrosion weight loss ratio (g/m)2) | 8.7 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 18.6 |
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the aluminum profile disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the tensile strength, the fatigue strength, the elongation and the corrosion resistance are comprehensively improved, and the comprehensive performance is good.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The thin-wall aluminum profile for the train body of the rail train is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
0.66-0.72% of Si, 0.18-0.24% of Fe, 0.24-0.3% of Mn, 0.42-0.46% of Mg, 0.04-0.08% of Cr, 0.04-0.08% of Ti, 0.03-0.05% of Cu, 0.14-0.2% of La, 0.12-0.16% of Sr, 0.05-0.08% of Ce and the balance of Al;
in the components of the aluminum profile, Sr + La + Ce is more than or equal to 0.35 percent;
the preparation method of the thin-wall aluminum profile of the rail train body comprises the following steps:
s1, homogenizing annealing: firstly, carrying out staged homogenization annealing treatment on an aluminum alloy ingot obtained by casting according to the components at 535-585 ℃, and then carrying out air cooling to normal temperature;
s2, hot extrusion: carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot cooled in the step S1 on an extruder at the extrusion temperature of 500 ℃ and 515 ℃, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to the normal temperature;
s3, solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the section blank obtained in the step S2 at 540-570 ℃ for 1-1.5h, and then carrying out water-cooling quenching to normal temperature;
s4, artificial aging: carrying out artificial aging on the section blank obtained after cooling in the step S3 at the temperature of 165-180 ℃ for 7-9h, and cooling to normal temperature by air cooling to obtain the section blank;
in step S1, the step-wise leveling annealing includes: firstly, preserving heat for 2-4h at 535-550 ℃, then raising the temperature to 560-575 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5h, and finally preserving heat for 5-8min at 580-585 ℃;
in step S2, the water-cooling quenching specifically includes: cooling to 280-310 ℃ at a cooling rate of 8-10 ℃/s, cooling to 150-180 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4-5 ℃/s, and cooling to normal temperature at a cooling rate of 2-2.5 ℃/s.
2. The thin-wall aluminum profile for the railway train body as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the specific conditions of hot extrusion are as follows: the extrusion ratio is 41.5-45.5, and the extrusion speed is 1-2.5 m/min.
3. The thin-wall aluminum profile for the railway train body as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S3, the cooling rate of the water-cooling quenching is 20-30 ℃/S.
4. The thin-wall aluminum profile for the railway train body as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S4, the cooling speed of the air cooling is 3-5 ℃/S.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103614676A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-05 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Production method of rail-vehicle aluminum alloy vehicle body |
| JP2018197366A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-12-13 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Aluminum alloy material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103614676A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-05 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Production method of rail-vehicle aluminum alloy vehicle body |
| JP2018197366A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-12-13 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Aluminum alloy material |
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