CN110819818A - Mechanical chemical pretreatment leaching gold extraction method for refractory gold ore - Google Patents
Mechanical chemical pretreatment leaching gold extraction method for refractory gold ore Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C1/00—Crushing or disintegrating by reciprocating members
- B02C1/02—Jaw crushers or pulverisers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanochemical pretreatment leaching gold extraction method for refractory gold ores, belonging to the mechanochemical pretreatment leaching gold extraction method for gold ores. Comprises crushing operation, mixing operation of gold ore and chemical agent, mechanochemical pretreatment operation, leaching and gold extraction operation and recovery of gold in the leaching solution. The invention makes the gold ore and the chemical agent generate chemical reaction through the combined action of the grinding medium, the gold ore and the chemical agent, oxidizes and decomposes sulfide minerals in the ore, improves the structure of gold-coated gangue minerals, enables the micro-fine gold particles coated in the minerals to be exposed and dissociated, and simultaneously completely passivates gold-robbing substances in the ore. The invention effectively solves the problem that the gold coated in the refractory gold ore hinders leaching, avoids the problem that gold-robbing substances in the ore adsorb gold-robbing substances, recycles gold to the maximum extent, greatly reduces the pollution to the environment and enables the refractory gold ore resources to be efficiently and fully utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanochemical pretreatment-leaching gold extraction process for refractory gold ores.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the gold industry, on one hand, easily-extracted gold ore resources are gradually exhausted, difficultly-treated gold ore resources become main raw materials of the current and future gold industry, gold in the difficultly-treated gold ore often exists in sulfide ore or gangue mineral in a form of fine particles and packages, some difficultly-treated ores also contain gold-robbing carbonaceous minerals (such as organic carbon and the like) which are not beneficial to leaching, and gold can be effectively extracted only by a pretreatment method due to physical packaging, chemical bonding and chemical coating film packaging; on the other hand, the national environmental protection control of mine enterprises is becoming more strict, gold production enterprises face a severe environmental protection pressure, especially gold production enterprises adopting cyaniding leaching gold extraction process, the traditional cyaniding leaching method needs to use cyanide, which is a highly toxic leaching agent, and brings a great pressure to the environment, and cyaniding leaching residue is listed in the range of dangerous waste, the discharge and stockpiling of cyanide leaching residue are strictly controlled by environmental protection departments, and corresponding management cost is required to be paid, and the burden of related gold production enterprises is increased. Therefore, there is a need for an environmentally friendly gold leaching reagent that can replace cyanide to alleviate or even eliminate the environmental problems faced by gold manufacturing enterprises.
At present, the pretreatment methods of the gold ore which is difficult to treat mainly comprise roasting, biological oxidation and hot-pressing oxidation. Three pretreatment processes have been used industrially. However, the biological oxidation pretreatment process has a long treatment period and high production cost, cannot completely eliminate the influence of gold-robbing substances in ores, and can effectively improve the gold leaching index only by adding activated carbon for competitive adsorption in the leaching process; although the hot-pressing oxidation pretreatment has a good treatment effect, the production cost is high, the hot-pressing oxidation pretreatment can be realized only by adopting special pressure equipment, the requirements on main pressure equipment and auxiliary equipment are high, the investment cost is high, and the like; although the roasting pretreatment process has the advantages of simple operation, low requirement on equipment and the like, a large amount of smoke and dust are generated in the boiling roasting process, a special treatment process is needed for treatment, and the smoke and dust can be discharged after the treatment is qualified.
The mechanochemical technology is a leading-edge technology emerging in recent years, and mainly utilizes a mechanical grinding method to consume mechanical energy in the mixing and grinding process of a grinding medium, a target object and a chemical agent so as to enable molecules to collide to generate heat, thereby enabling the target object and the chemical agent to generate a certain chemical reaction and achieving the purpose of modifying or decomposing the target object.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mechanochemical pretreatment leaching gold extraction method for refractory gold ores, which aims to solve the problems of pretreatment of gold-coated sulfide minerals or gangue minerals and gold-robbing of gold-robbing substances in the minerals, improve the recovery rate of gold to the maximum extent and simultaneously reduce the influence on the environment to the minimum.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher until the content of the gold ore with the granularity of-2 mm is 100 percent;
(2) mixing gold ore and chemical agent:
uniformly mixing the gold ore and the chemical agent by rolling type mixing equipment; different gold ores are mixed with different types and qualities of chemical agents due to different types and contents of minerals and gold-robbing substances which affect gold;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
mixing a grinding medium and the mixture in the step (2) in a ratio of (1-2): adding the grinding medium into grinding equipment through a feed inlet according to the weight ratio of 1, then closing the feed inlet, simultaneously starting an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, stopping rotating the grinding system after the mechanochemical reaction is finished, stopping cooling the temperature control system when the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, simultaneously opening a discharge outlet, discharging the grinding medium and the pretreated slag into a separating sieve, performing blowing treatment on the grinding medium on the sieve, returning the grinding medium to the grinding equipment, and performing size mixing leaching operation on the pretreated slag under the sieve;
(4) leaching and gold extracting operation:
mixing the pretreated slag obtained in the step (3) to a concentration of 25-50%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 9-11; adding gold extracting agent with the dosage of 0.9-2.5 kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 24-48h, and carrying out solid-liquid separation after leaching is finished; and discharging the produced leaching residues to a tailing pond, recovering gold in the leaching solution, and returning barren liquor after the gold is recovered to a leaching system.
The weight ratio of the gold ore to the chemical agent in the step (2) is (10-100): (1-4.3).
The chemical agent in the step (2) comprises one or two of NaOH, ferric chloride, sodium humate, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate and ferric sulfate.
In the step (3), the grinding medium is one of ceramic, tungsten steel, tungsten carbide or manganese steel.
In the step (3), the rotating speed is 600-1200 r/min, the cooling temperature is controlled to be 200-350 ℃, and the mechanochemical pretreatment time is 50-180 min.
The gold extraction agent in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
urea: sodium thiosulfate: sodium chloride: sodium carbonate: sodium sulfide: sodium trichloroisocyanurate (10: 1.3:2.2:5.7: 0.9): 3.2;
the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, heated to 700 ℃, kept warm for 1.5h for fusion, cooled to room temperature after fusion to form a solid, and then ground into powder.
The invention applies mechanochemical technology to the pretreatment process of the refractory gold ore, and can carry out mechanochemical damage or modification on the wrappage and other substances which influence the subsequent gold leaching in the refractory gold ore, thereby fully exposing gold or changing the gold-robbing substances into inert substances to lose the gold-robbing effect. The mechanochemical pretreatment process generates few gases, has no pollution to the surrounding environment, and has the characteristics of simple flow, short treatment time and the like.
The invention adopts a specific and closed grinding machine aiming at the gold ore difficult to treat, adds the gold ore difficult to treat and chemical agents into a specific grinding medium, and oxidizes and decomposes sulfide minerals in the gold ore difficult to treat or increases the porosity of gangue minerals influencing the coated gold in the grinding process, so that the micro-fine gold particles coated in the gangue minerals are fully exposed and dissociated, wherein the sulfide minerals are converted into sulfate and exist in mechanochemical reaction slag, and gold-robbing substances in the gold ore difficult to treat are modified into inert substances from original active substances through mechanochemical action. Hardly generates smoke in the mechanical chemical grinding pretreatment process of the refractory gold ores, and has little influence on the environment.
The technological route of the present invention includes crushing ore, mixing ore and chemical, mechanical and chemical grinding, pre-treating slag to extract gold, leaching gold with gold extracting agent, mechanical and chemical grinding, and features high mechanical strength, special ceramic or hard alloy as grinding medium, high temperature control and other advantages. According to the material property, the temperature control system is controlled to realize dynamic heat balance, and chemical agents react with corresponding minerals in refractory gold ores through high-speed rotation grinding, so that micro-fine gold particles wrapped in sulfide minerals or gangue minerals are exposed and dissociated, and gold-robbing substances in the ores are passivated. Adding water into the pretreated slag after the mechanochemical pretreatment, mixing the slurry, leaching and extracting gold by adopting an environment-friendly gold extracting agent, recovering gold in the leaching solution, returning barren liquor to a leaching system, and piling the leaching slag as general solid waste in a tailing pond.
The invention has the advantages that: the mechanochemical technology is organically combined with the pretreatment of the refractory gold ore, and an environment-friendly gold extracting agent is adopted to leach the gold extracting process, so that the recovery rate of gold is improved, and the environmental pollution is reduced; firstly, oxidizing and decomposing gangue minerals wrapped with gold in sulfide minerals or modified minerals in ores by adopting a mechanochemical pretreatment process to fully expose and dissociate micro-fine-particle gold wrapped in the gangue minerals, and simultaneously removing the activity of gold-robbing substances in the ores to convert the gold-robbing substances into inert substances, thereby completely eliminating the problem of gold-robbing substance adsorption; most of sulfide minerals are oxidized into sulfate and then enter the pretreatment slag, so that the environmental protection pressure is greatly reduced; the pretreatment slag is subjected to gold leaching and gold extraction operation by adopting an environment-friendly gold extraction agent, the leaching speed is high, the gold recovery is simple and convenient, and the leached tailings can be piled in a tailing pond as common solid waste, so that the method is safe and environment-friendly.
The invention effectively solves the problem that the gold coated in the refractory gold ore hinders leaching, avoids the problem that gold-robbing substances in the ore adsorb gold-robbing substances, recycles gold to the maximum extent, greatly reduces the pollution to the environment and enables the refractory gold ore resources to be efficiently and fully utilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The gold extraction agent used in the following examples is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
urea: sodium thiosulfate: sodium chloride: sodium carbonate: sodium sulfide: sodium trichloroisocyanurate (10: 1.3:2.2:5.7: 0.9): 3.2;
the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, heated to 700 ℃, kept warm for 1.5h for fusion, cooled to room temperature after fusion to form a solid, and then ground into powder.
Example 1
(1) Crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by adopting a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher to the granularity of-2 mm and the content of 100 percent;
(2) mixing operation
Mixing sulfur-containing refractory gold ore and NaOH medicament in a ratio of 10:1 uniformly by a rolling type mixing device;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
adding a ceramic grinding medium and the mixture obtained in the step (2) into grinding equipment through a feed inlet in a ratio of 1:1, closing the feed inlet, simultaneously opening an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, controlling the rotating speed at 1200r/min, controlling the cooling temperature at 300 ℃, carrying out mechanochemical pretreatment for 50min, and controlling the sulfur oxidation rate at 98.33%;
(4) leaching and gold extracting operation:
directly feeding the pretreated slag obtained after the pretreatment into a size mixing tank, and adding water for size mixing until the concentration is 40%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 10; the dosage of the gold extraction agent is 1.2kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 36h, then filtering and carrying out solid-liquid separation, wherein the leaching rate of gold is 93.41%, and the leached tailings reach the common solid waste standard.
Example 2
(1) Crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by adopting a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher to the granularity of-2 mm and the content of 100 percent;
(2) mixing operation
Mixing the arsenic-containing refractory gold ore and a medicament ferric chloride uniformly in a ratio of 15:1 by a rolling type mixing device;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
adding a tungsten steel grinding medium and the mixture obtained in the step (2) into grinding equipment through a feed inlet in a ratio of 2:1, closing the feed inlet, simultaneously opening an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, controlling the rotating speed at 800r/min, controlling the cooling temperature at 350 ℃, carrying out mechanochemical pretreatment for 90min, wherein the sulfur oxidation rate is 97.66 percent, and the arsenic oxidation rate is 99.17 percent;
(4) leaching and gold extracting operation:
directly feeding the pretreated slag obtained after the pretreatment into a size mixing tank, and adding water for size mixing until the concentration is 33%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 11; the dosage of the gold extraction agent is 1.5kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 24 hours, then carrying out solid-liquid separation by filtering, wherein the leaching rate of gold is 95.27%, and the leached tailings reach the common solid waste standard.
Example 3
(1) Crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by adopting a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher to the granularity of-2 mm and the content of 100 percent;
(2) mixing operation
Mixing the arsenic-carbon-containing refractory gold ore with iron chloride and sodium humate serving as medicaments in a ratio of 25: 1: 0.6, uniformly mixing by using rolling type mixing equipment;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
adding a tungsten carbide grinding medium and the mixture obtained in the step (2) into grinding equipment through a feed inlet in a ratio of 2:1, closing the feed inlet, simultaneously opening an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, controlling the rotating speed at 600r/min, controlling the cooling temperature at 350 ℃, carrying out mechanochemical pretreatment for 180min, wherein the sulfur oxidation rate is 98.87%, and the arsenic oxidation rate is 90.35%;
(4) leaching and gold extracting operation:
directly feeding the pretreated slag obtained after the pretreatment into a size mixing tank, and adding water for size mixing until the concentration is 45%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 10; the dosage of the gold extraction agent is 2.2kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 48 hours, and then filtering to carry out solid-liquid separation, wherein the leaching rate of gold is 96.74%. The leached tailings reach the standard of common solid wastes.
Example 4
(1) Crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by adopting a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher to the granularity of-2 mm and the content of 100 percent;
(2) mixing operation
Uniformly mixing sulfur-carbon-containing refractory gold ore and potassium permanganate serving as a medicament in a ratio of 100:1 by using rolling type mixing equipment;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
adding the manganese steel grinding medium and the mixture obtained in the step (2) into grinding equipment through a feed inlet in a ratio of 1:1, closing the feed inlet, simultaneously starting the equipment, rotating the grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, controlling the rotating speed at 850r/min, controlling the cooling temperature at 200 ℃, carrying out mechanochemical pretreatment for 120min, and controlling the sulfur oxidation rate at 95.99%.
(4) Leaching and gold extracting operation:
directly feeding the pretreated slag obtained after the pretreatment into a size mixing tankAdding water and mixing to a concentration of 40%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 11; the dosage of the gold extraction agent is 0.9kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirred and leached for 24 hours, and then solid-liquid separation is carried out by filtration. The leaching rate of gold was 93.44%. The leached tailings reach the standard of common solid wastes.
Example 5
(1) Crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by adopting a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher to the granularity of-2 mm and the content of 100 percent;
(2) mixing operation
Mixing the sulfur-containing and arsenic-containing refractory gold ore with potassium persulfate and ferric sulfate in a ratio of 30:1.5:1 uniformly by a rolling type mixing device;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
adding the tungsten carbide grinding medium and the mixture obtained in the step (2) into grinding equipment through a feed inlet according to the proportion of 1.5:1, sealing the feed inlet, simultaneously opening an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, controlling the rotating speed at 800r/min, controlling the cooling temperature at 300 ℃, and carrying out mechanochemical pretreatment for 100min, wherein the sulfur oxidation rate is 96.28 percent, and the arsenic oxidation rate is 91.88 percent.
(4) Leaching and gold extracting operation:
directly feeding the pretreated slag obtained after the pretreatment into a size mixing tank, and adding water for size mixing until the concentration is 40%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 10; the dosage of the gold extraction agent is 1.8kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 36h, and then filtering to perform solid-liquid separation, wherein the leaching rate of gold is 95.04%. The leached tailings reach the standard of common solid wastes.
Example 6
(1) Crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by adopting a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher to the granularity of-2 mm and the content of 100 percent;
(2) mixing operation
Mixing the sulfur-containing arsenic-carbon refractory gold ore with agents of ferric sulfate and NaOH according to the proportion of 50:2.8:1.5 by a rolling type mixing device;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
adding a manganese steel grinding medium and the mixture obtained in the step (2) into grinding equipment through a feed inlet in a ratio of 2:1, closing the feed inlet, simultaneously starting an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, controlling the rotating speed at 950r/min, controlling the cooling temperature at 350 ℃, and carrying out mechanochemical pretreatment for 150min, wherein the sulfur oxidation rate is 97.52% and the arsenic oxidation rate is 94.36%;
(4) leaching and gold extracting operation:
directly feeding the pretreated slag obtained after the pretreatment into a size mixing tank, and adding water for size mixing until the concentration is 33%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 11; the dosage of the gold extraction agent is 2.5kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 48 hours, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation by filtration. The leaching rate of gold is 93.92%. The leached tailings reach the standard of common solid wastes.
Claims (6)
1. A mechanochemical pretreatment leaching gold extraction method for refractory gold ores is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing operation
Crushing the gold ore by a jaw crusher and a double-roller crusher until the content of the gold ore with the granularity of-2 mm is 100 percent;
(2) mixing gold ore and chemical agent:
uniformly mixing the gold ore and the chemical agent by rolling type mixing equipment;
(3) mechanical chemical pretreatment operation:
mixing a grinding medium and the mixture in the step (2) in a ratio of (1-2): adding the grinding medium into grinding equipment through a feed inlet according to the weight ratio of 1, then closing the feed inlet, simultaneously starting an equipment rotating grinding system and a cooling temperature control system, stopping rotating the grinding system after the mechanochemical reaction is finished, stopping cooling the temperature control system when the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, simultaneously opening a discharge outlet, discharging the grinding medium and the pretreated slag into a separating sieve, performing blowing treatment on the grinding medium on the sieve, returning the grinding medium to the grinding equipment, and performing size mixing leaching operation on the pretreated slag under the sieve;
(4) leaching and gold extracting operation:
mixing the pretreated slag obtained in the step (3) to a concentration of 25-50%; adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 9-11; adding gold extracting agent with the dosage of 0.9-2.5 kg/tPretreating slag(ii) a Stirring and leaching for 24-48h, and performing solid-liquid separation after leaching is finished(ii) a And discharging the produced leaching residues to a tailing pond, recovering gold in the leaching solution, and returning barren liquor after the gold is recovered to a leaching system.
2. The method for leaching and extracting gold by mechanochemical pretreatment of refractory gold ore according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the gold ores to the chemical agents in the step (2) is (10-100): (1-4.3).
3. The method for extracting gold by mechanical chemical pretreatment leaching of refractory gold ore according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and (3) the chemical agent in the step (2) comprises one or two of NaOH, ferric chloride, sodium humate, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate and ferric sulfate.
4. The method for leaching and extracting gold by mechanochemical pretreatment of refractory gold ore according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the grinding medium is one of ceramic, tungsten steel, tungsten carbide or manganese steel.
5. The method for extracting gold by mechanical chemical pretreatment leaching of refractory gold ore according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: in the step (3), the rotating speed is 600-1200 r/min, the cooling temperature is controlled to be 200-350 ℃, and the mechanochemical pretreatment time is 50-180 min.
6. The method for leaching and extracting gold by mechanochemical pretreatment of refractory gold ore according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the gold extraction agent in the step (4) is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight and by a method:
urea: sodium thiosulfate: sodium chloride: sodium carbonate: sodium sulfide: sodium trichloroisocyanurate (10: 1.3:2.2:5.7: 0.9): 3.2;
the raw materials are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, heated to 700 ℃, kept warm for 1.5h for fusion, cooled to room temperature after fusion to form a solid, and then ground into powder.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112831671A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2021-05-25 | 东南大学 | Gold leaching agent for selectively leaching gold in gold-containing material, preparation method and application |
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