CN110819797A - Carbonate mineral leaching method - Google Patents

Carbonate mineral leaching method Download PDF

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CN110819797A
CN110819797A CN201911148072.XA CN201911148072A CN110819797A CN 110819797 A CN110819797 A CN 110819797A CN 201911148072 A CN201911148072 A CN 201911148072A CN 110819797 A CN110819797 A CN 110819797A
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leaching
powder
carbonate mineral
grinding
carbonate
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CN110819797B (en
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张其武
王魁
胡慧敏
刘岩矗
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/08Sulfuric acid, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0063Hydrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0065Leaching or slurrying
    • C22B15/0067Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof
    • C22B15/0071Leaching or slurrying with acids or salts thereof containing sulfur
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/20Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbonate mineral leaching method, which comprises the following steps: crushing and grinding ores containing carbonate minerals to obtain powder; mixing the powder with a ferric sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp; placing the mixed ore pulp in a grinding tank of a ball mill, and performing mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition to obtain leaching pulp; and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching pulp to obtain leaching liquid containing metal sulfate and leaching slag. According to the invention, the leaching of the carbonate minerals from the ferric sulfate can be enhanced by adopting a mechanical force means under the normal temperature condition, auxiliary heating conditions are not needed, the leaching time can be shortened to 30-120 min, and the leaching rate of metal elements in the carbonate minerals is over 90%; has the characteristics of simple process flow, high leaching rate, low cost, little pollution and the like.

Description

Carbonate mineral leaching method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and particularly relates to a carbonate mineral leaching method.
Background
Carbonate mineral resources in China are rich, such as malachite, chalcopyrite, calamine, hydrozincite, rhodochrosite, chabazite, and the like. The sulfates of the metal elements contained in the carbonate minerals have wide application in industrial and agricultural production: copper sulfate is widely applied to pesticides, feed additives, textiles, electroplating, catalysts, paints, wood preservatives and mineral separation; the zinc sulfate is widely applied to food, medicine, fertilizer, feed additive, water treatment, electroplating and ore dressing; manganese sulfate can be used for producing electrolytic manganese metal and electrolytic MnO2Mn of battery grade3O4High purity MnCO3And the like manganese products.
At present, leaching of carbonate minerals with sulfuric acid solution as leaching agent to obtain leachate containing metal sulfates, followed by purification, is an important way to obtain the above metal sulfates: yellow gazang, etc. (yellow gazang, Liutong, Calicite sulfuric acid leaching process conditions research [ J ]. Guangdong chemical industry, 2014, 41 (1): 17-18.) to leach the Calicite under the conditions that the weight ratio of the Calicite to the sulfuric acid is 1:0.55, the temperature is 80 ℃, the time is 3h, the stirring intensity is 100rpm, and the zinc leaching rate is about 92 percent; research on a process for preparing industrial manganese sulfate from manganese carbonate poor ore [ J ]. Hunan nonferrous metal, 2016 (6): 33-36, 60.) shows that manganese carbonate poor ore is leached under the conditions of acid-ore ratio of 0.45, leaching temperature of 90 ℃, reaction time of 4h, liquid-solid ratio of 4:1 and rotating speed of 300rpm, and manganese leaching rate reaches 97.4%; the process research on preparing high-purity manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate ore [ J ]. inorganic salt industry, 2014, 46 (11): 35-38.) comprises leaching the low-grade manganese carbonate ore at a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1, a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.86mol/L, a stirring speed of 300rpm, a reaction time of 80min and a leaching temperature of 70 ℃, wherein the manganese leaching rate is 91.4%; the patent technology of 'a method for preparing electronic-grade manganese carbonate by using rhodochrosite as a raw material' (CN106145199A) is characterized in that rhodochrosite with the manganese content of 7-13% is used as the raw material, and the rhodochrosite is leached under the conditions that the ore grinding fineness is 85-90 meshes, the mass percentage concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is 25-30%, the liquid-solid ratio (mass ratio) is 3-5: 1-1.5, the leaching temperature is 50-70 ℃, the leaching time is 4-6 h, the manganese leaching rate is 92-96%, and the pH value of a leaching solution is 1-2. Although the process for leaching carbonate minerals by using sulfuric acid through stirring can obtain a good leaching effect to a certain extent, the adopted strong-acid sulfuric acid leaching agent is strong in corrosivity and high in equipment requirement, the leaching time is long (2-6 h), the leaching temperature is high (more than 50 ℃), and some problems still exist in application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for leaching carbonate minerals, which takes ferric sulfate solution as a leaching agent and adopts a mechanochemical process to directly realize one-step leaching of valuable metal elements in the carbonate minerals, and the method has the advantages of simple related leaching process, mild reaction conditions and suitability for popularization and application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a carbonate mineral leaching process comprising the steps of:
1) crushing and grinding ores containing carbonate minerals to obtain powder;
2) mixing the powder obtained in the step 1) with a ferric sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp;
3) placing the obtained mixed ore pulp in a grinding tank of a ball mill, and carrying out mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition;
4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching pulp obtained in the step 3) to obtain leaching liquid containing metal sulfate and leaching slag.
In the above scheme, the carbonate mineral is malachite (Cu)2(OH)2CO3) Blue copper ore (Cu)3(OH)2(CO3)2) Smithsonite (ZnCO)3) Hydrozincite (Zn)5(OH)6(CO3)2) Rhodochrosite (MnCO)3) Nickel magnesite (NiCO)3) Magnesite (CoCO)3) One or more of them.
In the scheme, the particles with the granularity of less than 0.45mm in the powder obtained in the step 1) account for more than 85 wt%.
In the scheme, the liquid-solid ratio of the ferric sulfate solution to the powder in the step 2) is (5-20): 1mL/g, and the molar ratio of Fe element introduced into the ferric sulfate solution to the metal element Me to be leached in the carbonate mineral powder is (0.5-3): 1.
In the scheme, Fe in the ferric sulfate solution3+The concentration is 5-60 g/L.
In the scheme, the metal element Me is one or more of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Co.
In the scheme, in the mechanical force activation leaching process, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the powder is 60-150, the grinding speed is 100-600 rpm, and the grinding time is 30-120 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention firstly proposes that ferric sulfate solution is used as a leaching agent, a mechanical force method is adopted to destroy the crystal structure of carbonate minerals, and Fe is utilized3+With CO2 3 -The carbonate minerals are decomposed by double hydrolysis reaction, so that iron enters slag in a form of precipitation, and the target metal element enters solution in a form of sulfate, so that the target metal element in the carbonate minerals can be effectively leached in one step.
2) The method does not need to use the commonly used strong acid sulfuric acid as a leaching agent, thereby reducing the corrosion to equipment.
3) According to the invention, the leaching of the carbonate minerals from the ferric sulfate can be enhanced by adopting a mechanical force means under the normal temperature condition, auxiliary heating conditions are not needed, the leaching time can be shortened to 30-120 min, and the leaching rate of metal elements in the carbonate minerals is over 90%; the adopted ferric sulfate leaching agent has wide source, low cost and low requirement on equipment, has obvious economic and environmental benefits and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Figure 2 is the XRD pattern of malachite in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the polishing time and the copper leaching rate in example 1.
FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of calamine from example 2.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the polishing time and the zinc leaching rate in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the following examples, a QM-3SP04 planetary ball mill manufactured by Nanda instruments Ltd, Nanjing, was used as the ball mill, and the volume of the milling pot was 50 mL.
Example 1
A method for leaching carbonate minerals, which utilizes ferric sulfate solution to leach malachite and relates to a reaction route shown as a formula I,
3Cu2(OH)2CO3+2Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O→6CuSO4+4Fe(OH)3+3CO2(I);
the process flow chart of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
1) crushing and grinding malachite to obtain powder, wherein particles with the particle size of less than 0.45mm in the powder account for more than 85 wt%;
2) mixing 1g of powder with 10mL of ferric sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp; wherein, Fe in ferric sulfate solution3+The concentration is 38.4g/L, and the molar ratio of Fe to Cu (the Cu element to be leached in the powder) is controlled to be 0.8;
3) placing the mixed ore pulp obtained in the step 2) into a ball mill grinding tank, and carrying out mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition to obtain leaching pulp; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the powder adopted in the ball milling process is 120, the grinding speed is 300rpm, and the grinding time is 30-60 min;
4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leached pulp to obtain the product containing CuSO4The leachate and the leaching residue.
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of malachite as used in this example, from which it can be seen that the major constituent in the ore is malachite; and further testing gave a copper content of 54.58 wt% in the malachite.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the polishing time and the copper leaching rate; it can be seen that the leaching rate of copper is 92.2-99.5% within 30-60 min of ball milling time.
Example 2
A method for leaching carbonate minerals, which utilizes ferric sulfate solution to leach calamine and relates to a reaction route shown as a formula II,
3ZnCO3+Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O→3ZnSO4+2Fe(OH)3+3CO2(II);
the process flow chart of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
1) crushing and grinding calamine to obtain powder, wherein particles with the particle size of less than 0.45mm in the powder account for more than 85 wt%;
2) mixing 1.5g of powder with 10mL of ferric sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp; wherein, Fe in ferric sulfate solution3+The concentration is 28.3g/L, and the molar ratio of Fe/Zn (Zn element to be leached in powder) is controlled to be 1.4;
3) placing the mixed ore pulp obtained in the step 2) into a ball mill grinding tank, and carrying out mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition to obtain leaching pulp; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the powder adopted in the ball milling process is 80, the grinding speed is 300rpm, and the grinding time is 30-90 min;
4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leached pulp to obtain the product containing ZnSO4The leachate and the leaching residue.
FIG. 4 is an XRD spectrum of calamine used in the present example; from the figure, it can be seen that the main component in the ore is calamine; and the zinc content in the calamine is 15.76 wt% after further test.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the milling time and the zinc leaching rate in the present embodiment, and it can be seen that the leaching rate of zinc is 90.4-99.6% in the ball milling time of 30-90 min, and especially the zinc leaching rate close to 100% can be realized under the ball milling time condition of about 60 min.
Comparative example 1
The malachite is leached by ferrous sulfate solution, the reaction route is shown as formula III,
Cu2(OH)2CO3+2FeSO4+1/2O2+2H2O→2CuSO4+2Fe(OH)3+CO2(III);
the specific implementation process is as follows:
1) crushing and grinding malachite to obtain powder, wherein particles with the particle size of less than 0.45mm in the powder account for more than 85 wt%;
2) mixing 1g of powder with 10mL of ferrous sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp; wherein, the ferrous sulfate solution contains Fe2+The concentration is 57.6g/L, and the molar ratio of Fe to Cu (the Cu element to be leached in the powder) is controlled to be 1.2;
3) placing the mixed ore pulp obtained in the step 2) into a ball mill grinding tank, and carrying out mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition to obtain leaching pulp; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the powder adopted in the ball milling process is 120, the grinding speed is 300rpm, and the grinding time is 60 min;
4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leached pulp to obtain the product containing CuSO4The leachate and the leaching residue.
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of malachite as used in this example, from which it can be seen that the major constituent in the ore is malachite; and further testing gave a copper content of 54.58 wt% in the malachite.
Tests show that the leaching rate of copper is about 38.1 percent and is far lower than that of the malachite leached by the ferric sulfate described in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The ferrous sulfate solution is utilized to leach the calamine, the reaction route is shown as a formula IV,
ZnCO3+FeSO4+1/4O2+3/2H2O→ZnSO4+Fe(OH)3+CO2(IV);
the specific implementation process is as follows:
1) crushing and grinding calamine to obtain powder, wherein particles with the particle size of less than 0.45mm in the powder account for more than 85 wt%;
2) mixing 1.5g of powder with 10mL of ferrous sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp; wherein in ferric sulfate solutionFe2+The concentration is 28.3g/L, and the molar ratio of Fe/Zn (Zn element to be leached in powder) is controlled to be 1.4;
3) placing the mixed ore pulp obtained in the step 2) into a ball mill grinding tank, and carrying out mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition to obtain leaching pulp; the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the powder adopted in the ball milling process is 80, the grinding speed is 300rpm, and the grinding time is 60 min;
4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leached pulp to obtain the product containing ZnSO4The leachate and the leaching residue.
FIG. 4 is an XRD spectrum of calamine used in the present example; from the figure, it can be seen that the main component in the ore is calamine; and the zinc content in the calamine is 15.76 wt% after further test.
Tests show that the leaching rate of zinc is 25.6 percent and is far lower than that of the siderite leached by the ferric sulfate in the example 2.
The above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and do not limit the present invention. Other variants and modifications of the invention, which are obvious to those skilled in the art and can be made on the basis of the above description, are not necessary or exhaustive for all embodiments, and are therefore within the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A carbonate mineral leaching process comprising the steps of:
1) crushing and grinding ores containing carbonate minerals to obtain powder;
2) mixing the powder obtained in the step 1) with a ferric sulfate solution to obtain mixed ore pulp;
3) placing the obtained mixed ore pulp in a grinding tank of a ball mill, and carrying out mechanical force activation leaching under the ball milling condition;
4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the leaching pulp obtained in the step 3) to obtain leaching liquid containing metal sulfate and leaching slag.
2. The carbonate mineral leaching method according to claim 1, wherein the carbonate mineral is one or more of malachite, chalcopyrite, calamine, hydrozincite, rhodochrosite, awaruite, and cobaltite.
3. The carbonate mineral leaching process according to claim 1, wherein the amount of particles having a particle size of less than 0.45mm in the fines obtained in step 1) is more than 85 wt%.
4. The carbonate mineral leaching method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the ferric sulfate solution to the powder in the step 2) is (5-20): 1mL/g, and the molar ratio of the Fe element introduced into the ferric sulfate solution to the metal element Me to be leached in the carbonate mineral powder is (0.5-3): 1.
5. The carbonate mineral leaching process of claim 1, wherein the ferric sulfate solution is Fe3+The concentration is 5-60 g/L.
6. The carbonate mineral leaching method according to claim 1, wherein the metal element Me is one or more of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co.
7. The carbonate mineral leaching method according to claim 1, wherein in the mechanical force activation leaching process, the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the powder is 60-150, the grinding speed is 100-600 rpm, and the grinding time is 30-120 min.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113528814A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-10-22 武汉理工大学 Method for reducing and leaching manganese in manganese oxide ore by two-stage mechanical force ball milling

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1657423A (en) * 2005-02-01 2005-08-24 桂林市孟泰矿产技术开发有限责任公司 Method of recovering manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate and manganese oxide
CN103818965A (en) * 2014-03-20 2014-05-28 重庆大学 Phosphorous removal method for manganous sulfate produced from high-phosphorus rhodochrosite
CA2981829A1 (en) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-13 Ecolab Usa Inc. Leach aid for metal recovery
CN107674973A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-02-09 武汉理工大学 A kind of method that mechanochemistry strengthens Leaching of chalcopyrite

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1657423A (en) * 2005-02-01 2005-08-24 桂林市孟泰矿产技术开发有限责任公司 Method of recovering manganese sulfate from low-grade manganese carbonate and manganese oxide
CN103818965A (en) * 2014-03-20 2014-05-28 重庆大学 Phosphorous removal method for manganous sulfate produced from high-phosphorus rhodochrosite
CA2981829A1 (en) * 2015-04-08 2016-10-13 Ecolab Usa Inc. Leach aid for metal recovery
CN107674973A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-02-09 武汉理工大学 A kind of method that mechanochemistry strengthens Leaching of chalcopyrite

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113528814A (en) * 2021-06-18 2021-10-22 武汉理工大学 Method for reducing and leaching manganese in manganese oxide ore by two-stage mechanical force ball milling

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