CN110818482A - 一种抗线虫水溶肥及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗线虫水溶肥及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110818482A CN110818482A CN201911179373.9A CN201911179373A CN110818482A CN 110818482 A CN110818482 A CN 110818482A CN 201911179373 A CN201911179373 A CN 201911179373A CN 110818482 A CN110818482 A CN 110818482A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗线虫水溶肥,所述抗线虫水溶肥包含抗线虫剂、B族维生素、维生素C、氨基酸、镁元素、海藻精。本发明抗线虫水溶肥在施用的同时,降低土壤的线虫率的基础上,通过中微量元素、维生素、生物菌等的添加,建立营养均衡和有益的微生态系统,提高作物自身的生理活性,增加作物抵抗病害的能力,促进土壤微生态系统的健康发育与生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业肥料技术领域,特别涉及一种抗线虫水溶肥及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,线虫在全国很多区域爆发,给农业生产带来重大危害,降低农业生产的产量,甚至绝收。线虫属于线形动物门线虫纲,体型微小,在显微镜下方能观察到。对植物有害的线虫约3000种,大多生活在土壤中,也有的寄生在植物体内。线虫通过土壤或种子传播,能破坏植物的根系,或侵入地上部分的器官,影响农作物的生长发育,还间接地传播由其他微生物引起的病害,造成很大的经济损失。使用药剂防治线虫是现代农业普遍采用的有效方法,一般用于土壤处理或种子处理,杀线虫剂有挥发性和非挥发性两类,前者起熏蒸作用,后者起触杀作用。一般具有较好的亲脂性和环境稳定性,能在土壤中以液态或气态扩散,从线虫表皮透入起毒杀作用。
但目前使用的杀线虫剂,多数对人畜有较高毒性,有些品种对作物有药害。因此急需寻找一种杀线虫剂的使用量低,同时又能提高作物和土壤自身抗病害能力的肥料来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面,是针对现有技术中的肥料刹线虫效率低,同时又无法提高作物和土壤自身抗病害能力的问题,提供了一种抗线虫水溶肥及其制备方法。
本发明提供的技术方案为:
一种抗线虫水溶肥,所述抗线虫水溶肥包含抗线虫剂、B族维生素、维生素C、氨基酸、镁元素和海藻精。
当然,除上述抗线虫剂、B族维生素、维生素C、氨基酸、镁元素和海藻精以外,本发明抗线虫水溶肥中还包括常规的肥料添加元素,包括但不限于,氮元素、磷元素、钾元素,以及中微量元素。
本发明通过在肥料中添加B族维生素、维生素C、氨基酸、镁元素和海藻精、中微量元素等,在肥料施用的同时,降低土壤的线虫率的基础上,建立营养均衡和有益的微生态系统,提高作物自身的生理活性,增加作物抵抗病害的能力,促进土壤微生态系统的健康发育与生长。
在本发明中,所述抗线虫剂可以为任意合适的市售抗线虫剂。作为优选,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述抗线虫剂为选自苦参碱、淡紫拟青霉真菌、厚孢轮枝菌、棉隆、威百亩、氯化苦、溴甲烷、D-D混剂、二氯溴丙烷、辛硫磷、甲基异柳磷、毒死蜱、灭线磷、苯线磷、硫线磷、噻唑磷、氯唑磷、丁硫环磷、涕灭威、克百威、杀线威、阿维菌素、氨基寡糖素或氰氨化钙中的一种或几种。上述抗线虫剂可以以任意合适的比例联合使用。
更优选地,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述抗线虫剂为苦参碱和淡紫拟青霉真菌。其中,
苦参碱是由豆科植物苦参的干燥根、植株、果实经乙醇等有机溶剂提取制成的,是一种生物碱。苦参总碱是苦参所有生物碱的统称(苦参总碱检测方法为滴定法),其主要成分有苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱等多种生物碱,以苦参碱、氧化苦参碱含量最高。其他来源为苦豆子果实,山豆根及山豆根地上部分,纯品外观为类白色至白色粉末。在农业中使用的苦参碱农药实际上是指从苦参中提取的全部物质,叫苦参提取物或者苦参总碱。在农业上广泛应用,且有良好的防治效果,是一种低毒、低残留、环保型农药。主要防治各种松毛虫、茶毛虫、菜青虫等害虫。具有杀虫活性、杀菌活性、调节植物生长功能等多种功能。其特点首先,苦参碱是一种植物源农药,具有特定性、天然性的特点,只对特定的生物产生作用,在大自然中能迅速分解,最终产物为二氧化碳和水。其次苦参碱是对有害生物具有活性的植物内源化学物质,成分不是单一的,而是化学结构相近的多组和化学结构不相近的多组的结合,相辅相成,共同发挥作用。第三,苦参碱因为多种化学物质共同作用,使其不易导致有害物产生抗药性,能长期使用。第四,对相应的害虫不会直接完全毒杀,而是控制害虫生物种群数量不会严重影响到该植物种群的生产和繁衍。因此,苦参碱作为天然的杀虫剂,对线虫具有一定的灭杀性,可降解,不会破坏土壤微生态环境。
淡紫拟青霉真菌是新型纯微生物活孢子制剂,具有高效、广谱、长效、安全、无污染、无残留等特点,可明显刺激作物生长。试验证明,在植物根系周围施用淡紫拟青霉菌剂不仅能明显抑制线虫侵染,而且能促进植物根系及植株营养器官的生长,如播前拌种,定植时穴施,对种子的萌发与幼苗生长具有促进作用,可实现苗全、苗绿、苗壮,一般可使作物增产15%以上。
淡紫拟青霉具有繁殖快速、生命力强、安全无毒等特点;淡紫拟青霉分泌合成多种有机酸、酶、生理活性物质等。淡紫拟青霉属于内寄生性真菌,是一些植物寄生线虫的重要天敌,能够寄生于卵,也能侵染幼虫和雌虫,可明显减轻多种作物根结线虫、胞囊线虫、茎线虫等植物线虫病的危害。同时,本发明人还发现每次施肥增加该有益菌,还能够逐步改善土壤微生态环境。
在本发明中,所述B族维生素可以为任意合适的市售B族维生素。但作为优选,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述B族维生素为选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12或烟酰胺中的一种或几种。上述B族维生素可以以任意合适的比例联合使用。
在本发明中,所述氨基酸可以为任意合适的市售氨基酸。例如,包括但不限于,赖氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸等。但作为优选,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述氨基酸为L-赖氨酸。
在本发明中,所述镁元素可以为任意来源的镁元素。例如,包括但不限于,硫酸镁、硝酸镁、氯化镁。但作为优选,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述镁元素为硫酸镁。
本发明中所述的海藻精除含海藻酸外,还含有植物必需元素氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、硫(S)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钼(Mo)、硼(B)等;还含有植物可直接吸收利用的18种蛋白质氨基酸及对植物生理过程有显著影响的植物生长物质(生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素等);还含有维生素、核苷酸、腐殖酸及植物抗逆因子等。海藻精集植物营养物质、生物活性物质、植物抗逆因子于一体,是一种理想的全功能海藻肥。其作用可促进种子萌发,提高发芽率,有利于育全苗、育壮苗;可促进植物根系发育,有利于植物吸收水分,养分;可活化微量元素,对抗土壤中磷酸盐对多数微量元素的拮抗作用,有利于植物对微量元素的吸收;可提高植物体内多种酶的活性,增强植物代谢活动,有利于植物生长发育及均衡生长;可促进花芽分化,提高坐果率,促进果实膨大并着色鲜艳,提早成熟;可增强植物抗逆性能,提高植物对干旱、寒冷、病虫害等的抵抗能力;可提高作物产量,改善农产品品质。
作为优选,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述抗线虫水溶肥还包含腐殖酸。本发明中腐殖酸、海藻精的添加,能够提供天然的刺激素,促进根系的发育生长,促进作物的复壮。加快作物恢复,增强作物受损后的恢复。
作为优选,在本发明的一个实施方式中,所述抗线虫水溶肥由组合物A和组合物B组成,所述组合物A和组合物B分别由以下组分按重量份组成:
组合物A:磷肥30~33份,钾肥40~48份,氮肥44~59份,中微量元素0.491~0.591份,苦参碱1~2份,腐殖酸3~4份,维生素B1 0.25~0.3份,维生素B2 0.25~0.3份,维生素B6 0.025~0.03份,维生素B12 0.05~0.1份,硫酸镁0.05~0.1份,维生素C 0.3~0.5份,烟酰胺0.75~1份,L-赖氨酸0.125~0.15份;
组合物B:海藻精30~40份,淡紫拟青霉真菌70~80份。
更优选地,所述抗线虫水溶肥由组合物A和组合物B组成,所述组合物A和组合物B分别由以下组分按重量份组成:
组合物A:磷酸二氢钾30~33份,硝酸钾10~15份,尿素24~28份,硫酸铵10~16份,EDTA-Zn 0.05份,EDTA-Mn 0.05份,EDTA-Gu 0.01份,EDTA-Fe 0.01份,EDTA-Ga 0.25份,硼酸0.12份,钼酸盐0.001份,苦参碱1份,腐殖酸3份,维生素B1 0.25份,维生素B2 0.25份,维生素B6 0.025份,维生素B12 0.05份,硫酸镁0.05份,维生素C 0.3份,烟酰胺0.75份,L-赖氨酸0.125份;
组合物B:海藻精30份,淡紫拟青霉真菌70份。
本发明的另一个方面,是提供了一种上述抗线虫水溶肥的制备方法,分别将组合物A和组合物B中的组分混合,组合物A和组合物B单独包装,所述组合物A和组合物B的重量比为100:1。
本发明的另一个方面,是提供了一种施肥方法,将上述制备方法制得的所述抗线虫水溶肥的组合物A和组合物B分别溶解于水中,先施用组合物A,一小时后再施用组合物B。施用时可采用冲施或者滴管的方法进行。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明抗线虫水溶肥在施用的同时,降低土壤的线虫率的基础上,通过中微量元素、维生素、生物菌等的添加,建立营养均衡和有益的微生态系统,提高作物自身的生理活性,增加作物抵抗病害的能力,促进土壤微生态系统的健康发育与生长。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种抗线虫水溶肥及其制备方法,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。需要特别指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明,并且相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围的基础上对本文所述内容进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
在本发明中,除非另有说明,否则本文中使用的科学和技术名词具有本领域技术人员所通常理解的含义。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1:抗线虫水溶肥的制备
组合物A:磷酸二氢钾30份,硝酸钾10份,尿素24份,硫酸铵10份,EDTA-Zn 0.05份,EDTA-Mn 0.05份,EDTA-Gu 0.01份,EDTA-Fe 0.01份,EDTA-Ga 0.25份,硼酸0.12份,钼酸盐0.001份,苦参碱1份,腐殖酸3份,维生素B1 0.25份,维生素B2 0.25份,维生素B6 0.025份,维生素B12 0.05份,硫酸镁0.05份,维生素C 0.3份,烟酰胺0.75份,L-赖氨酸0.125份;
组合物B:海藻精30份,淡紫拟青霉真菌70份。
将组合物A和组合物B中的组分混合,组合物A和组合物B单独包装,组合物A和组合物B的重量比为100:1。
实施例2:抗线虫水溶肥的制备
组合物A:磷肥33份,钾肥48份,氮肥59份,中微量元素0.591份,苦参碱2份,腐殖酸4份,维生素B1 0.3份,维生素B2 0.3份,维生素B6 0.03份,维生素B12 0.1份,硫酸镁0.1份,维生素C 0.5份,烟酰胺1份,L-赖氨酸0.15份;
组合物B:海藻精40份,淡紫拟青霉真菌80份。
将组合物A和组合物B中的组分混合,组合物A和组合物B单独包装,组合物A和组合物B的重量比为80:1。
实施例3:抗线虫水溶肥的制备
组合物A:磷肥32份,钾肥44份,氮肥50份,中微量元素0.51份,苦参碱2份,腐殖酸3份,维生素B1 0.28份,维生素B2 0.27份,维生素B6 0.028份,维生素B12 0.056份,硫酸镁0.056份,维生素C 0.4份,烟酰胺0.85份,L-赖氨酸0.14份;
组合物B:海藻精35份,淡紫拟青霉真菌75份。
将组合物A和组合物B中的组分混合,组合物A和组合物B单独包装,组合物A和组合物B的重量比为70:1。
实验例1:
本实验采取广西柳州市鹿寨寨沙镇、金秀桐木镇受线虫危害严重的7亩(寨沙镇)、6.5亩(桐木镇)两地块实施实施例1中组合配方,连续施用6次,每亩每次用肥8千克,检查线虫情况,统计发现治愈率分别高达85%、89%,效果明显,有效的抑制了线虫的进一步传播。建议长期施用,效果更佳。
实验例2:
本实验选择辽宁朝阳凌源市受线虫危害的西红柿棚(3亩)、兴城花生地(10亩),两地块采用本实施例2中的方案,西红柿用肥每亩每次用肥8千克,10次,花生地用肥每亩每次10千克,3次,检查线虫控制治疗情况,西红柿棚治愈率95%、花生地治愈率90%,效果明显。
实验例3:
本实验选择四川西昌佑君镇茄子地5亩,辣椒地3亩,连续施用实施例3中方案,茄子每次每亩每次用肥10千克,辣椒每亩每次用肥10千克,都用肥6次后,检查线虫控制治疗情况,线虫治愈率分别在96%、93%,效果显著。
实验例4:
本实验选择四川广汉市受感染草莓园圃5亩,连续用实施例1中配方,每亩每次用6千克,连续用5次后,检查根系线虫控制治疗情况,第一级苗治愈率98%,第二级苗全部未受到感染,优良率达到100%。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述抗线虫水溶肥包含抗线虫剂、B族维生素、维生素C、氨基酸、镁元素、海藻精。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述抗线虫剂为选自苦参碱、淡紫拟青霉真菌、厚孢轮枝菌、棉隆、威百亩、氯化苦、溴甲烷、D-D混剂、二氯溴丙烷、辛硫磷、甲基异柳磷、毒死蜱、灭线磷、苯线磷、硫线磷、噻唑磷、氯唑磷、丁硫环磷、涕灭威、克百威、杀线威、阿维菌素、氨基寡糖素或氰氨化钙中的一种或几种,优选为苦参碱和淡紫拟青霉真菌。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述B族维生素为选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12或烟酰胺中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述氨基酸为L-赖氨酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述镁元素来自硫酸镁或硝酸镁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述抗线虫水溶肥还包含腐殖酸。
7.根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述抗线虫水溶肥由组合物A和组合物B组成,所述组合物A和组合物B分别由以下组分按重量份组成:
组合物A:磷肥30~33份,钾肥40~48份,氮肥44~59份,中微量元素0.491~0.591份,苦参碱1~2份,腐殖酸3~4份,维生素B1 0.25~0.3份,维生素B2 0.25~0.3份,维生素B60.025~0.03份,维生素B12 0.05~0.1份,硫酸镁0.05~0.1份,维生素C 0.3~0.5份,烟酰胺0.75~1份,L-赖氨酸0.125~0.15份;
组合物B:海藻精30~40份,淡紫拟青霉真菌70~80份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的抗线虫水溶肥,其特征在于,所述抗线虫水溶肥由组合物A和组合物B组成,所述组合物A和组合物B分别由以下组分按重量份组成:
组合物A:磷酸二氢钾30~33份,硝酸钾10~15份,尿素24~28份,硫酸铵10~16份,EDTA-Zn 0.05份,EDTA-Mn 0.05份,EDTA-Gu 0.01份,EDTA-Fe0.01份,EDTA-Ga 0.25份,硼酸0.12份,钼酸盐0.001份,苦参碱1份,腐殖酸3份,维生素B1 0.25份,维生素B2 0.25份,维生素B6 0.025份,维生素B12 0.05份,硫酸镁0.05份,维生素C 0.3份,烟酰胺0.75份,L-赖氨酸0.125份;
组合物B:海藻精30份,淡紫拟青霉真菌70份。
9.一种如权利要求7或8所述抗线虫水溶肥的制备方法,其特征在于,分别将组合物A和组合物B中的组分混合,组合物A和组合物B单独包装,所述组合物A和组合物B的重量比为100:1。
10.一种施肥方法,其特征在于,将权利要求9所述制备方法制得的所述抗线虫水溶肥的组合物A和组合物B分别溶解于水中,先施用组合物A,一小时后再施用组合物B。
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