CN110818294B - Cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110818294B CN110818294B CN201911031919.6A CN201911031919A CN110818294B CN 110818294 B CN110818294 B CN 110818294B CN 201911031919 A CN201911031919 A CN 201911031919A CN 110818294 B CN110818294 B CN 110818294B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/28—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/144—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements the synthetic calcium sulfate being a flue gas desulfurization product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
- C04B7/153—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators
- C04B7/21—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with calcium sulfate containing activators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag, a preparation method and application thereof. A cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag mainly comprises the following components: 0-60 parts of S95 slag, 0-60 parts of high-aluminum steel slag, 20-40 parts of waste incineration fly ash and 7-13 parts of desulfurized gypsum. The ratio of the cementing material to the aggregate in the concrete or the filling material is 1:4-1:8, and the concentration is 77%. The invention is doped with a large amount of waste incineration fly ash, and can show good compression strength capable of being industrially applied without adding additives such as excitant, early strength agent and the like, thereby being used as cementing material of concrete, mining filling material and good substitute of cement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to a cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
According to statistics of research institute of E20, 257 operating waste incineration power plants are built nationwide in 2015, the total quantity of waste incineration in China is 6811 ten thousand tons, and according to national records of hazardous wastes, fly ash (hereinafter, fly ash) generated in the waste incineration process belongs to hazardous wastes and is about 3% -5% of the quantity of incineration waste, the generation quantity of the fly ash reaches 395 ten thousand tons, nearly 300 waste incineration power plants are built in 2016, and the fly ash reaches over 1000 ten thousand tons per year to the end of 2020. In the face of such huge annual output of waste incineration fly ash, the search for a reasonable green disposal method is urgent, and how to maximize the utilization of the hazardous waste such as fly ash becomes a hot content of the research in the hazardous waste disposal field of the present time. The slag, the steel slag and the desulfurized gypsum are utilized to prepare the full-solid waste cementing material by utilizing the waste incineration fly ash in a synergistic manner, so that the problems of reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of industrial solid waste (steel slag) and urban hazardous waste (waste incineration fly ash) can be solved, the synergistic utilization of the solid waste and the hazardous waste and environmental protection are promoted, the cementing material is provided for large-scale replacement of cement solidification stabilization safety landfill or preliminary combination of a cementing filling mining technology, and the engineering application foundation is laid. However, the existing cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash has the following problems: the strength with practical value can be achieved only by adding excessive additives such as excitant, early strength agent and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag, which is doped with a large amount of waste incineration fly ash, can show good compression strength capable of being industrially applied without adding additives such as an excitant, an early strength agent and the like, can be used as a cementing material of concrete and a mining filling material by matching with a proper aggregate, and is a good substitute of cement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag mainly comprises the following components:
0-60 parts of S95 slag, 5-60 parts of high-aluminum steel slag, 20-40 parts of waste incineration fly ash and 7-13 parts of desulfurized gypsum.
The cementing material has at least the following characteristics:
firstly, compared with the existing cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag, the cementing material disclosed by the invention is simpler in composition, does not need to add additives such as an exciting agent and an early strength agent, and consists of S95 slag, high-aluminum steel slag, waste incineration fly ash and desulfurized gypsum, so that the raw material cost is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of the waste incineration fly ash is higher.
Secondly, the composition is simplified, and simultaneously, good cementing performance can be displayed due to the synergistic effect, including compressive strength and effective solidification to various heavy metals in the fly ash. The cement paste is prepared into a neat paste test block according to GB17671-1999 cement mortar strength test method with the water-cement ratio of 0.3:1, the test block has the size of 30mm multiplied by 50mm, and the curing is carried out at the temperature of 35 ℃ and the humidity of more than 99.5 percent, thus showing good compression strength and leaching safety performance.
Thirdly, the safety is high: the adopted waste incineration fly ash has good safety, and the leaching concentration of heavy metal ions (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, Hg, Pb and the like) is all lower than the drinking water standard for a long time (360 d); in addition, the slag and the desulfurized gypsum have certain solidification effect on chloride ions in the fly ash, and the corrosion to other building materials such as reinforcing steel bars is avoided.
In conclusion, the cementing material of the invention utilizes slag to replace the traditional cementing agent cement, utilizes high-aluminum steel slag to fully stimulate the activity of the slag, and the waste incineration fly ash is cooperatively utilized to prepare the all-solid-waste cementing material, so that the waste incineration fly ash is recycled to the maximum extent, the better doping amount of the waste incineration fly ash in an all-solid-waste cementing system is provided, the leaching concentration of heavy metal ions in the system is still lower than the drinking water standard in short-term and long-term leaching toxicity (horizontal oscillation method), therefore, the problems of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of industrial solid wastes (steel slag and slag) and urban hazardous wastes (waste incineration fly ash) can be solved, the synergistic utilization of the solid wastes and the hazardous wastes and the environmental protection are promoted, and a cementing material is provided for large-scale replacement of cement solidification stabilization safe landfill, preliminary combination of a cemented filling mining technology or preparation of concrete for construction, and the engineering application foundation is laid.
The S95 slag according to the present invention refers to any slag having a 28d reactivity index of not less than 95%.
The main component of the high-aluminum steel slag is mayenite (12CaO 7 Al)2O3) The active component content is higher, and the slag activity can be fully stimulated.
The waste incineration fly ash of the invention refers to bottom ash generated in the incineration disposal process of domestic waste or industrial waste, and does not limit the source or type of waste.
The main component of the desulfurized gypsum of the invention is similar to natural gypsum and is calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O。
The invention also optimizes the proportion and the chemical composition of each component on the basis of the formula so as to improve the gelling property to a greater extent or reduce the industrial cost.
Preferably, the cement containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag consists of only the four components of S95 slag, high alumina steel slag, waste incineration fly ash and desulfurized gypsum, and each of the components may take any value within the above range, as described above. For example, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, etc. of waste incineration fly ash can be taken. The S95 slag may be taken as 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts, etc. The desulfurized gypsum can be taken by 7 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts and the like. The high-aluminum steel slag can be 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts and the like.
Preferably, the cementitious material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag consists essentially of:
0-60% of S95 slag, 5-60% of high-aluminum steel slag, 20-40% of waste incineration fly ash and 7-13% of desulfurized gypsum by weight percentage.
Preferably, the cementitious material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag consists essentially of:
the composite material comprises, by weight, 20-60 parts of S95 slag, 20-60 parts of high-aluminum steel slag, 20-40 parts of waste incineration fly ash and 9-11 parts of desulfurized gypsum.
Preferably, the cementitious material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag consists essentially of:
the composite material comprises, by weight, 20-60% of S95 slag, 20-60% of high-aluminum steel slag, 20-40% of waste incineration fly ash and 9-11% of desulfurized gypsum.
Preferably, the waste incineration fly ash mainly consists of the following components: 32-42 parts of CaO, 15-28 parts of Cl and SiO by weight22-6 parts of Al2O31-4 parts, K23-7 parts of O, 3-7 parts of MgO and Na2O3-7 parts, Fe2O31-3 parts.
Preferably, the high-aluminum steel slag mainly comprises the following components: 50-55 parts of CaO and SiO by weight21-2 parts of Al2O335-40 parts of MgO 4-6 parts of SO31-2 parts.
Preferably, the S95 slag consists essentially of: calculated by weight portionCaO 45-50 parts, SiO228-32 parts of Al2O310-14 parts of MgO 5-7 parts of Fe2O31-2 parts of SO30-1 part.
Preferably, the desulfurized gypsum consists essentially of: 45-50 parts of CaO and SiO by weight22-3 parts of Al2O30-1 part of MgO, 1-2 parts of SO340-46 parts of Cl and 0-1 part of Cl.
The chemical compositions of the refuse incineration fly, the high-alumina steel slag, the S95 slag, and the desulfurized gypsum according to the present invention refer to the contents of various metal or mineral elements in terms of oxides, and do not refer to the contents of compounds present in the refuse incineration fly, the S95 slag, or the desulfurized gypsum slag in terms of oxides. In addition, the above chemical composition results can be obtained by conventional detection methods known in the art, such as typical fluorescence detection after or without loss of ignition.
Preferably, the S95 slag has a specific surface area of 500m2More than kg;
preferably, the specific surface area of the desulfurized gypsum is 400m2More than kg;
preferably, the specific surface area of the high-aluminum steel slag is 400m2More than kg.
The specific surface area of the raw materials is improved through grinding, so that the activity of the slag is stimulated, the hydration difficulty is reduced, and the uniformity of the materials is improved.
The S95 slag, waste incineration fly ash and desulfurized gypsum used in the invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by self, as long as the requirements of chemical compositions are met.
At present, the incineration treatment technology in China is mainly divided into three types: grate furnace technology, fluidized bed technology, and other incineration technologies. The waste incineration fly ash generated by the incineration technology comprises two parts, wherein one part is ash obtained by a heat recovery utilization system in front of a flue gas purification system, and comprises (boiler ash, economizer ash and superheater ash), and the other part is flue gas purification system (APC) ash, comprising wet process or semi-dry process dust remover ash, cyclone dust remover ash and bag-type dust remover ash. The fly ash used by the invention adopts a grate furnace incineration technology, and the fly ash produced by incineration through the grate furnace incineration technology contains much higher heavy metal, dioxin and chloride than the fly ash produced by other incineration technologies. However, the fly ash with such great harm is still used to prepare the cementing material, and the lower metal leaching rate is still displayed, which shows that the fly ash has good synergistic effect with slag, high-aluminum steel slag and gypsum, and the synergistic effect can efficiently solidify heavy metals in the fly ash, thereby reducing the leaching rate and improving the safety of the cementing material.
When the cementing material is used, the cementing material is mixed with water according to the water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.45: 1, and concrete can be prepared by utilizing the water-cement ratio.
The cementitious material according to the invention can be used for making concrete or cementitious fillers, for example using the following formulation.
A concrete or cementitious filler comprising aggregate (whole tailings) and a cementitious material as hereinbefore described; the mass ratio of the cementing material to the aggregate is 1:4-1:8, the concentration of the concrete or the cementing filler is 77wt%, and the water-cement ratio of the cementing material is 0.35-0.45: 1.
Preferably, the aggregate consists essentially of:
10-15 parts of CaO and SiO by weight250-60 parts of Al2O36-12 parts of MgO 2-7 parts of Fe2O36-12 parts of SO31-3 parts of Na2O1-3 parts, K21-3 parts of O;
preferably, the particle size of the aggregate is mainly distributed between 4 and 120 mu m, wherein D10 is 4.0 to 7.0 mu m, D50 is 32 to 36 mu m, D90 is 110-115 mu m, and the content of less than 20 mu m accounts for more than 30 weight percent.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
(1) the recovery rate of the waste incineration fly ash is improved;
(2) the raw material composition of the cementing material containing waste incineration fly ash and steel slag and slag is simplified;
(3) the high-aluminum steel slag which is difficult to be comprehensively utilized is recycled;
(4) the waste incineration fly ash, the slag, the high-aluminum steel slag and the desulfurized gypsum have synergistic effect and show higher compressive strength and leaching safety.
(5) The cementing material has high safety and no heavy metal leaching risk;
(6) the preparation method is simple.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Comparative example 1
The high-aluminum steel slag-fly ash-desulfurized gypsum solidified heavy metal gelled material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of S95 slag powder, 30% of waste incineration fly ash and 10% of desulfurized gypsum.
The chemical compositions of the waste incineration fly ash, the S95 slag powder and the desulfurized gypsum are shown in Table 1, and the detection method comprises the following steps: x-ray fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), and substance composition analysis was performed by measuring secondary X-rays using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer model XRF-1800.
After pouring and forming, curing to different ages for leaching toxicity test, wherein the test method comprises the following steps:
the raw materials are respectively weighed according to the proportion, and the desulfurized gypsum needs to be ground to 400m2The powder of/kg, S95 needs to be ground to a specific surface of 500m2Kg, water-to-glue ratio of 0.4: 1, preparing a filling material sample according to GB17671-1999 method for testing cement mortar strength, wherein the sample size is 30mm multiplied by 50mm, and curing is carried out at the temperature of 35 ℃ and the humidity of more than 99.5 percent.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
Example 1
The high-aluminum steel slag-fly ash-desulfurized gypsum solidified heavy metal gelled material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of S95 slag powder, 20% of high-aluminum steel slag powder, 30% of waste incineration fly ash and 10% of desulfurized gypsum.
Wherein, the chemical compositions of the S95 slag powder, the fly ash, the high-alumina steel slag and the desulfurized gypsum are shown in the table 1.
And (3) carrying out leaching toxicity test after pouring, forming and curing to different ages, wherein the test method is the same as that of the comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in a table 2.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-aluminum steel slag-fly ash-desulfurized gypsum solidified heavy metal gelled material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of S95 slag powder, 40% of high-aluminum steel slag powder, 30% of waste incineration fly ash and 10% of desulfurized gypsum.
Wherein, the chemical compositions of the S95 slag powder, the fly ash, the high-alumina steel slag and the desulfurized gypsum are shown in the table 1.
And (3) carrying out leaching toxicity test after pouring, forming and curing to different ages, wherein the test method is the same as that of the comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in a table 2.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-aluminum steel slag-fly ash-desulfurized gypsum solidified heavy metal gelled material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of high-aluminum steel slag powder, 30% of waste incineration fly ash and 10% of desulfurized gypsum.
Wherein the chemical compositions of fly ash, high-aluminum steel slag and desulfurized gypsum are shown in Table 1.
And (3) carrying out leaching toxicity test after pouring, forming and curing to different ages, wherein the test method is the same as that of the comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 1% chemical composition analysis of raw materials
TABLE 2 heavy metal leaching concentration (μ g/L) of the neat paste test block in different ages
Example 4
The preparation method of the high-aluminum steel slag-fly ash-desulfurized gypsum solidified heavy metal gelled material mainly comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of S95 slag powder, 10% of high-aluminum steel slag powder, 20% of waste incineration fly ash and 10% of desulfurized gypsum. The starting materials used were the same as in example 1.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the cementing material containing the waste incineration fly ash and the steel slag is characterized in that the cementing material consists of the following components:
60 parts of high-aluminum steel slag, 30 parts of waste incineration fly ash and 10 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
the waste incineration fly ash is prepared by adopting a grate furnace incineration technology;
the preparation method of the cementing material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing all the raw materials with water according to the water-to-glue ratio of 0.4-0.5: 1;
the waste incineration fly ash mainly comprises the following components: 32-42 parts of CaO, 15-28 parts of Cl and SiO by weight2 2-6 parts of Al2O31-4 parts, K2O3-7 parts, MgO3-7 parts and Na2O3-7 parts, Fe2O31-3 parts;
the high-aluminum steel slag mainly comprises the following components: 50-55 parts of CaO and SiO by weight21-2 parts of Al2O3 35-40 parts of MgO 4-6 parts of SO31-2 parts;
the desulfurization gypsum mainly comprises the following components: 45-50 parts of CaO and SiO by weight22-3 parts of Al2O30-1 part of MgO1-2 parts of SO340-46 parts of Cl and 0-1 part of Cl; the specific surface area of the desulfurized gypsum is 400m2/kg；
The specific surface area of the high-aluminum steel slag is 400m2/kg。
2. The gelled material obtained by the preparation method of claim 1 is used for manufacturing concrete or cemented filling materials.
3. A concrete or cementitious filler, characterized in that it comprises an aggregate and a cementitious material obtained by the process according to claim 1; the mass ratio of the cementing material to the aggregate is 1:4-1:8, the concentration of the concrete or the cementing filler is 77wt%, and the water-cement ratio of the cementing material is 0.35-0.45: 1.
4. The concrete or cementitious filler according to claim 3, characterised in that the aggregate consists essentially of:
10-15 parts of CaO and SiO by weight250-60 parts of Al2O36-12 parts of MgO 2-7 parts of Fe2O36-12 parts of SO31-3 parts of Na2O1-3 parts, K2And 1-3 parts of O.
5. The concrete or cementitious filler according to claim 4, characterised in that the particle size of the aggregates is mainly distributed between 4 and 120 μm, wherein D10 is 4.0 to 7.0 μm, D50 is 32 to 36 μm, D90 is 110-115 μm, the content of less than 20 μm being more than 30 wt%.
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| CN114180865B (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-04-29 | 河北科技大学 | Method for resource utilization of municipal refuse incineration fly ash |
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| CN116217195A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-06-06 | 北京科技大学 | Solid waste-based wet spraying concrete and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110818294A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210817 Address after: Room 2578, floor 2, No. 11, Shixing East Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100041 Patentee after: BEIKE YUNHONG ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100083 No. 30, Haidian District, Beijing, Xueyuan Road Patentee before: University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BEIJING |