CN110817021A - Powder bale breaker - Google Patents
Powder bale breaker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110817021A CN110817021A CN201911053537.3A CN201911053537A CN110817021A CN 110817021 A CN110817021 A CN 110817021A CN 201911053537 A CN201911053537 A CN 201911053537A CN 110817021 A CN110817021 A CN 110817021A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- cylinder
- material shaking
- carrier roller
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B69/00—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for
- B65B69/0033—Unpacking of articles or materials, not otherwise provided for by cutting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a powder bag breaking machine which comprises a feeding table and a rack, wherein the feeding table is horizontally provided with a carrier roller conveying belt and a bag pushing telescopic piece, and a driving part of the bag pushing telescopic piece is positioned at the feeding end of the carrier roller conveying belt; the machine frame is provided with a feeding hole, the feeding hole corresponds to the discharging end of the carrier roller conveying belt, the bottom of the machine frame is provided with a blanking hole, a sealing cavity is connected above the blanking hole, and the top of the sealing cavity is provided with a bag breaking table; the pressing and positioning mechanism is arranged at the top of the frame and corresponds to the bag breaking table, and the cutting mechanism, the material shaking mechanism and the bag discharging mechanism are arranged below the bag breaking table; the automatic bag shaking machine is high in automation degree, the positioning, bag cutting, material shaking and bag discharging processes are all automatically carried out in the sealed cavity after the packaging bag is conveyed to a designated position, direct contact between people and materials is avoided, leakage of the materials is effectively prevented, production efficiency is improved, double material shaking is carried out in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the problem that the materials in the packaging bag are not thoroughly cleaned is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bag breaking machines, in particular to a powder bag breaking machine.
Background
The bag breaking machine is mainly used for bag breaking work of various bag products, and the semi-automatic bag breaking machine mainly used in the past is controlled by personnel to break bags, unload materials and the like. The operation can be completed only by the mutual cooperation of the personnel, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is not high, the human body injury and the environmental pollution are easy to cause, and the like. Later, various bag breakers, such as spiral breakers, multi-knife breakers, saw blade breakers, etc., have appeared. These bag breakers are not suitable for working with different bags of material. When the cutting mechanism cuts, the material bag and the conveying belt move relatively due to the action of force. The material in the material bag does not separate completely with the material bag, perhaps the material is collected incompletely the scheduling problem, influences the work efficiency of broken chartered plane, and conveyor can influence the work efficiency of broken chartered plane because of not breaking the package completely in carrying, also appears full-automatic broken chartered plane on the existing market, but mechanism design is complicated, and is bulky, and degree of automation is not high, and the cutting is unreasonable moreover, and the material remains more, is difficult for cleanly.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a powder bale breaker.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art to a certain extent, and provides a powder bale breaker.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a powder bale breaker comprises a powder bale breaker body,
the conveying device comprises a conveying table, a conveying device and a bag pushing telescopic piece, wherein the conveying table is horizontally provided with a carrier roller conveying belt and the bag pushing telescopic piece, and a driving part of the bag pushing telescopic piece is positioned at a feeding end of the carrier roller conveying belt;
the device comprises a rack, a conveying belt and a support roller conveying belt, wherein the rack is provided with a feeding hole, the feeding hole corresponds to the discharging end of the support roller conveying belt, the bottom of the rack is provided with a blanking hole, a sealing cavity is connected above the blanking hole, and the top of the sealing cavity is provided with a bag breaking table;
the pressing and positioning mechanism is arranged at the top of the rack and corresponds to the bag breaking table; and the cutting mechanism, the material shaking mechanism and the bag discharging mechanism are arranged below the bag breaking table.
Furthermore, the bag pushing telescopic piece is one of an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric screw rod.
Furthermore, the feed inlet of frame department be equipped with one with the discharge end transitional coupling's of bearing roller conveyer belt hang plate.
Furthermore, cutting mechanism includes that driving motor, cutter head axle and equidistance are installed a plurality of cutter heads on the cutter head axle, driving motor sets up one side of frame.
Further, a push-type cutter head cylinder is arranged at the bottom of the carrier roller, and the driving end of the push-type cutter head cylinder is vertically and fixedly connected with the cutter head shaft.
Furthermore, the material shaking and lifting mechanism comprises a material shaking cylinder, a connecting shaft and material shaking rods, wherein the material shaking cylinder is arranged on one side of the rack, the driving end of the material shaking cylinder is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting shaft, and the material shaking rods are vertically arranged on the connecting shaft.
Furthermore, a material shaking and lifting cylinder is vertically arranged at the top of the rack, and the driving end of the material shaking and lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the material shaking cylinder.
Further, go out a bag mechanism and include motor, pivot and rotary rod, the motor fixed mounting be in one side of frame, and be located tremble the rear of expecting the cylinder, the one end of pivot with the drive shaft fixed connection of motor, it is a plurality of the rotary rod equidistance is installed perpendicularly in the pivot.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a powder bag breaker, and simultaneously adopts a design scheme of moving a cutting knife and picking out bags, all the positioning, bag cutting, material shaking and bag discharging are carried out at one position point, the materials in the packaging bag can be thoroughly cleaned, the automation degree is high, after the packaging bag is conveyed to a specified position, the positioning, bag cutting, material shaking and bag discharging processes are all automatically carried out in a sealed cavity, the direct contact between people and the materials is avoided, the leakage of the materials is effectively prevented, the environment is effectively protected, the harm to the body of workers is avoided, the working strength of the workers is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the double material shaking is carried out in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the problem that the materials in the packaging bag cannot be thoroughly cleaned is solved; the automatic bale breaker is compact in overall design structure, small in size and easy to clean, solves the problems that a traditional automatic bale breaker is large in size and difficult to clean, and is very suitable for being used in occasions needing cleaning, such as food pharmacy.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the present invention.
Wherein:
the automatic feeding device comprises a feeding table 1, a frame 2, a pressing cylinder 3, a positioning cylinder 4, a cutter head shaft 5, a cutter head 6, a material shaking cylinder 7, a connecting shaft 8, a material shaking rod 9, a material shaking lifting cylinder 10, a carrier roller conveying belt 11, a bag pushing telescopic piece 12, a motor 13, a rotating shaft 14, a rotating rod 15, a speed reducer 16, a sliding guide rail 17, a slider connecting seat 18, a feeding hole 21, a discharging hole 22, an inclined plate 23 and a cutter head pushing cylinder 111.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a powder bale breaker, which is suitable for packaging various powder materials with the weight of less than 80kg and is an automatic intermediate device in a bale breaking transmission line, the external size of the powder material package is less than 770 x 470 x 200mm, and the packages are limited to paper bags, plastic bags and chemical material woven bags.
A powder bale breaker, includes: the device comprises a feeding table 1, a frame 2 and a pressing and positioning mechanism; a plurality of carrier rollers which are arranged together and can rotate are horizontally arranged on the feeding table 1 to form a carrier roller conveying belt 11, a horizontal platform plate is connected to the feeding end of the carrier roller conveying belt 11, a bag pushing expansion piece 12 which extends and contracts along the length direction of the horizontal platform plate is arranged on the horizontal platform plate, the bag pushing expansion piece 12 is one of an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric screw, and the driving part of the bag pushing expansion piece 12 is positioned above the feeding end of the carrier roller conveying belt 11;
the frame 2 is provided with a feeding hole 21, the feeding hole 21 corresponds to the discharging end of the carrier roller conveying belt 11, the bottom of the frame 2 is provided with a blanking hole 22, a sealing cavity is connected above the blanking hole 22, and the top of the sealing cavity is provided with a bag breaking table; because the bag breaking platform on the frame 2 is lower than the height of the carrier roller conveying belt 11, the feeding port of the frame 2 is provided with an inclined plate 23 in transitional connection with the discharging end of the carrier roller conveying belt 11, so that a powder material bag can completely enter a bag breaking station, and the powder is prevented from being scattered at the feeding port due to package damage;
in order to conveniently break the package and position the powder material package, a pressing and positioning mechanism is arranged at the top of the frame 2, the clamping and positioning mechanism comprises a pressing cylinder 3 and a plurality of positioning cylinders 4, the positioning cylinders 4 and the pressing cylinder 3 are vertically and fixedly arranged at the top of the frame 2, and the driving ends of the positioning cylinders 4 and the pressing cylinder 3 correspond to the powder material package on the package breaking table;
the cutting mechanism below the bag breaking table comprises a driving motor, a cutter disc shaft 5 and 3 cutting cutter discs 6 which are arranged on the cutter disc shaft 5 at equal intervals and have the diameter of 300mm, the rotating speed is 1400r/min, the driving motor is arranged on one side of a rack 2, a Y-series B5 with the power of 1.1kw is adopted without a base three-phase asynchronous motor, the two sides of the rack 2 are provided with the same sliding guide rails 17 along the length direction, the guide rails 17 are connected with sliding block connecting seats 18 in a sliding way, and the two ends of the cutter disc shaft 5 are rotatably connected onto the two sliding block connecting seats 18 through guide sleeves;
meanwhile, a push broach disc cylinder 111 is arranged at the bottom of the carrier roller conveying belt 11, a driving end of the push broach disc cylinder 111 is fixedly connected with a lantern ring, and a cutter disc shaft 5 penetrates through the lantern ring and is vertically and rotatably connected with the driving end of the push broach disc cylinder 111; the cutting mechanism is made to reciprocate along a straight line through the push broach disc cylinder 111, so that bag breaking is realized.
The material shaking lifting mechanism comprises a material shaking cylinder 7, a connecting shaft 8 and material shaking rods 9, wherein the material shaking cylinder 7 is arranged on one side of the rack 2, the driving end of the material shaking cylinder 7 is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting shaft 8, the material shaking rods 9 are vertically arranged on the connecting shaft 8, the material shaking rods 9 are in contact with the broken powder packaging bag to drive the packaging bag to reciprocate along the rod length direction, the reciprocating distance is set to be 25mm, and powder remained in the packaging bag is shaken in the sealed cavity; still vertical the installing in the top of frame 2 trembles material rising cylinder 10, trembles the drive end and the connecting axle 8 fixed connection of material rising cylinder 10, drives to tremble material pole 9 and realizes that the ascending further material of trembleing of vertical side is accomplished, and the clean up in the packing bag.
The bag discharging mechanism comprises a motor 13, a rotating shaft 14 and rotating rods 15, one end of the rotating shaft 14 is fixedly connected with a driving shaft of the motor 13, the rotating rods 15 are vertically arranged on the rotating shaft at equal intervals, the motor 13 is fixedly arranged on one side of the rack 2 and is positioned behind the material shaking cylinder 7, a speed reducer 16 with an input-output ratio of 1:10 can be connected between the motor 13 and the rotating shaft 14 to reduce the speed and increase the torque, the output rotating speed of the speed reducer is 300r/min, the motor 13 adopts a 0.4kw servo motor, the servo motor can randomly adjust the rotating angle of the mechanism through pulses, the positioning is accurate, the rotating shaft 14 can perform 180-degree reciprocating rotation motion, and packaging bags are conveyed to the next station.
In order to effectively collect materials, the left side and the right side of the rack are designed into a fully-closed frame structure, the front end of the rack is sealed by a plastic soft film plate, and the cutter head rotating mechanism is sealed by an organ type structure 19.
The working principle of the invention is that a material bag is placed on a carrier roller transmission belt, then the material is pushed to a bag breaking table by a cylinder, 2 positioning cylinders are arranged above the bag breaking table and descend simultaneously to fix the material bag at a station, the other pressing cylinder descends to press the material bag, a driving motor starts 3 cutting knife discs to rotate simultaneously, the knife discs rotate, then the cylinder pushes a knife disc shaft to do linear reciprocating motion to break the bag of the material bag, the material shakes down simultaneously, the material shaking cylinder works, the material shaking rod mechanism enters the broken bag, simultaneously the positioning cylinder and the pressing cylinder of the fixed material bag reset successively, the material shaking cylinder on one side of the equipment does reciprocating work, the reciprocating distance of the material shaking cylinder is designed to be 25mm, the material shaking ascending cylinder works in a matching way to realize the material shaking motion in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the reciprocating times are based on the cleanness of the material in the bag, and the material shaking cylinder stops resetting, the servo motor starts to rotate, and the two rotary rods of the servo motor transfer the material bag to the next station through overturning.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a powder bale breaker which characterized in that includes:
the conveying device comprises a feeding table (1), wherein a carrier roller conveying belt (11) and a bag pushing telescopic piece (12) are horizontally arranged on the feeding table (1), and a driving part of the bag pushing telescopic piece (12) is positioned above the feeding end of the carrier roller conveying belt (11);
the device comprises a rack (2), wherein a feed inlet (21) is formed in the rack (2), the feed inlet (21) corresponds to the discharge end of a carrier roller conveyor belt (11), a blanking port (22) is formed in the bottom of the rack (2), a sealing cavity is connected above the blanking port (22), and a bag breaking table is arranged at the top of the sealing cavity;
the pressing and positioning mechanism is arranged at the top of the rack (2) and corresponds to the bag breaking platform; and the cutting mechanism, the material shaking mechanism and the bag discharging mechanism are arranged below the bag breaking table.
2. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, wherein the bale-pushing expansion member (12) is one of a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric screw.
3. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that an inclined plate (23) is provided at the feed inlet of the frame (2) and is in transitional connection with the discharge end of the carrier roller conveyor belt (11).
4. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, wherein the clamping and positioning mechanism comprises a pressing cylinder (3) and a plurality of positioning cylinders (4), the positioning cylinders (4) and the pressing cylinder (3) are vertically and fixedly mounted on the top of the frame (2), and the driving ends of the positioning cylinders correspond to the bale breaking table.
5. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises a driving motor, a cutter disc shaft (5) and a plurality of cutter discs (6) which are equidistantly mounted on the cutter disc shaft (5), and the driving motor is arranged on one side of the frame (2).
6. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that a cutter pushing cylinder (111) is arranged at the bottom of the carrier roller conveyor belt (11), and the driving end of the cutter pushing cylinder (111) is vertically and fixedly connected with the cutter shaft (5).
7. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, wherein the material shaking and lifting mechanism comprises a material shaking cylinder (7), a connecting shaft (8) and material shaking rods (9), the material shaking cylinder (7) is disposed on one side of the frame (2), a driving end of the material shaking cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with one end of the connecting shaft (8), and the material shaking rods (9) are vertically mounted on the connecting shaft (8).
8. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that a material shaking and lifting cylinder (10) is vertically mounted on the top of the frame (2), and the driving end of the material shaking and lifting cylinder (10) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (8).
9. The powder bale breaker according to claim 1, wherein the bag discharging mechanism comprises a motor (13), a rotating shaft (14) and a rotating rod (15), the motor (13) is fixedly mounted on one side of the frame (2) and is located behind the material shaking cylinder (7), one end of the rotating shaft (14) is fixedly connected with a driving shaft of the motor (13), and the rotating rods (15) are vertically mounted on the rotating shaft at equal intervals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911053537.3A CN110817021A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Powder bale breaker |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911053537.3A CN110817021A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Powder bale breaker |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110817021A true CN110817021A (en) | 2020-02-21 |
Family
ID=69551786
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911053537.3A Pending CN110817021A (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Powder bale breaker |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110817021A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112791944A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-14 | 王静霞 | Damaged tea bag recovery processing separation screening plant |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2477600A (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-10 | D C Norris & Company Ltd | Bag emptying apparatus |
| CN203283482U (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-11-13 | 安徽泽加业粉体工程有限公司 | Automatic package-opening material-discharging device for small packages |
| CN204624057U (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-09-09 | 厦门派鼎自动化设备有限公司 | The automation integrating device of package operation is unwrapped for powder material |
| CN205914043U (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-02-01 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | Full automatic material conveying funnel |
| CN207536291U (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-06-26 | 无锡迅力自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of small-sized bale breaker |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911053537.3A patent/CN110817021A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2477600A (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-10 | D C Norris & Company Ltd | Bag emptying apparatus |
| CN203283482U (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-11-13 | 安徽泽加业粉体工程有限公司 | Automatic package-opening material-discharging device for small packages |
| CN204624057U (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-09-09 | 厦门派鼎自动化设备有限公司 | The automation integrating device of package operation is unwrapped for powder material |
| CN205914043U (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-02-01 | 宝鸡石油机械有限责任公司 | Full automatic material conveying funnel |
| CN207536291U (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-06-26 | 无锡迅力自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of small-sized bale breaker |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112791944A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-14 | 王静霞 | Damaged tea bag recovery processing separation screening plant |
| CN112791944B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-03-15 | 湖南省明伦茶业有限公司 | Damaged tea bag recovery processing separation screening plant |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112744391A (en) | Skin care products packing plant | |
| CN110817021A (en) | Powder bale breaker | |
| CN211320259U (en) | Automatic disassembling equipment for soft-packaged battery cell | |
| CN219750152U (en) | Unloader convenient to wash | |
| CN116803848B (en) | Powder, granule material's unloader convenient to wash | |
| CN211564316U (en) | Zipper dotting and cutting mechanism | |
| CN116913819A (en) | Semiconductor is with cutting muscle equipment | |
| CN111129640B (en) | Automatic disassembling equipment for soft-package battery cells | |
| CN215246072U (en) | Full-automatic bag opening machine | |
| CN213631090U (en) | 3D snow carving printing robot | |
| CN109079927A (en) | A kind of double cutter cutter devices of packaging plate | |
| CN209522280U (en) | Manipulator vacuum inhales medicine plate line cutting agency | |
| CN217199030U (en) | Packaging machine convenient to move | |
| CN113200196A (en) | A device that is used for automatic bag that goes of cover bag fruit | |
| CN113211810A (en) | Glove packaging machine made of degradable materials | |
| CN110867591A (en) | Multifunctional packaging equipment for packaging soft package battery | |
| CN220164305U (en) | Novel blanking device for multi-row packaging machine | |
| CN213862896U (en) | Vertical unpacking molding noodle material rack horizontal feeding structure | |
| CN215362195U (en) | Novel high-efficient packagine machine | |
| CN218259030U (en) | Product conveyer belt device | |
| CN217554361U (en) | Fodder brick letter sorting packing plant | |
| CN219791699U (en) | Glass conveying and switching platform | |
| CN213323890U (en) | Automatic glutinous rice paper wrapping machine for producing choerospondias axillaris cakes | |
| CN221315121U (en) | Plastic uptake material cutting equipment | |
| CN215047002U (en) | A remove frame for pile up neatly machinery hand |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200221 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |