CN110814562A - Railway hopper car assembling method - Google Patents
Railway hopper car assembling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110814562A CN110814562A CN201911095471.4A CN201911095471A CN110814562A CN 110814562 A CN110814562 A CN 110814562A CN 201911095471 A CN201911095471 A CN 201911095471A CN 110814562 A CN110814562 A CN 110814562A
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- unloading door
- assembly
- transmission mechanism
- closing
- door opening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D7/00—Hopper cars
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a railway hopper car assembling method, which comprises the following steps: assembling and welding the underframe assembly, assembling the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism, detecting whether the characteristic parameters of the assembled unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism meet the design requirements when the unloading door is kept closed, if the characteristic parameters do not meet the requirements, adjusting and processing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism, and then installing the qualified unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism on the underframe assembly; and respectively installing the outer wall assembly, the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element on the underframe assembly, and respectively connecting the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism to finish the railway hopper car assembly. Through the modularized assembly of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door, the phenomenon that the opening and closing of the unloading door are inflexible due to the accumulation of machining errors in the manufacturing process of all parts is effectively eliminated, and the quality and the assembly efficiency of the trolley are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of railway hopper cars, and particularly relates to a railway hopper car assembling method.
Background
The railway hopper car is mainly used for loading and transporting bulk cargos such as ore, cement, coal and the like, a saddle plate which forms a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane is arranged in a car body, an unloading door is arranged at the bottom (bottom opening type) or the side (side opening type) of the car body, the cargos slide down and are unloaded by means of dead weight, and the railway hopper car has important significance in railway transportation.
In the prior art, the assembly process of the railway hopper car is sequentially carried out on an assembly station, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) assembling and welding the cross beam, the side beam and the middle beam of the underframe to obtain a underframe beam assembly;
(2) assembling and welding a horizontal saddle assembly and a vertical saddle assembly of the underframe and a underframe beam assembly in a turning way to obtain an underframe assembly;
(3) assembling the outer wall assembly and the underframe assembly to obtain a steel structure assembly;
(4) installing the unloading door assembly on the steel structure assembly, then performing steel structure overturning welding, and detecting and handing over;
(5) and sequentially installing all parts of the unloading door opening and closing mechanism on a steel structure assembly qualified in delivery, and completing the assembly of the whole railway hopper car. In this step, the assembly tact of the discharge door opening and closing mechanism was 1 cart/shift (8 hours per shift), and the required number of people was 35.
The unloading door opening and closing mechanism is one of core structures of the railway hopper car, is connected with the unloading door and is used for opening and closing the unloading door, and when the unloading door is opened, the efficient unloading of goods in the hopper car can be realized.
In the process of assembling the railway hopper car in the prior art, a car body steel structure is already finished when the opening and closing mechanism of the unloading door is assembled, the mounting position of the opening and closing mechanism of the unloading door needs to penetrate through the longitudinal saddle, the space between the longitudinal saddle and the car body is narrow, an operator can only assemble all parts of the opening and closing mechanism at corresponding positions in sequence in a limited space, and due to the accumulation of machining tolerances in the manufacturing process of all parts and components of the opening and closing mechanism, the eccentric distance e of each position is 16 after the opening and closing mechanism is assembled+8 0The inconsistency (see fig. 7) causes the four connecting points connecting the opening and closing link and the unloading door to have inconsistent motions, and the opening and closing are not flexible.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an assembling method of a railway hopper wagon, which effectively eliminates the phenomenon of inflexible opening and closing of a discharge door caused by accumulated machining errors in the manufacturing process of each part through modular assembly of an opening and closing transmission mechanism of the discharge door.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the aim of the invention is that the railway hopper car assembly method comprises an underframe assembly, an outer wall assembly, a discharge door opening and closing power element and a discharge door opening and closing transmission mechanism, and comprises the following steps:
assembling the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism at a first station, and detecting whether characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet design requirements or not after the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is assembled; if not, adjusting and processing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism until the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements;
assembling the underframe assembly at a second station, detecting the installation of the qualified opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door on the underframe assembly, and performing turnover welding on the underframe assembly;
and the outer wall assembly, the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element are respectively arranged on the turned-welded underframe assembly at a second station, and the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element are respectively connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism to complete the assembly of the railway hopper car.
Further, the detecting whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements or not includes:
the method comprises the steps of placing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism on a detection platform, setting the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism to be in a state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door, taking a detection plane of the detection platform as a reference plane, measuring the value of a characteristic parameter of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the current state, and comparing the value with a set value.
Furthermore, a stop block is arranged on the detection plane, when the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism maintains the closing state of the unloading door, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is in contact with the stop block, and the stop block limits the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism so as to maintain the current state of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism unchanged during detection.
Further, the adjustment processing of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism comprises:
and at least one part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is selectively replaced, and/or a key groove on at least one part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is repaired.
Further, unload door switching drive mechanism includes that the major axis constitutes, two core bearings constitute, two single core bearings constitute, two minor axis constitute, two sets of drive gear and four cranks, and every group drive gear all includes driving gear and driven gear, carry out at first station unload door switching drive mechanism's equipment includes:
installing the two driving gears at two ends of the long shaft assembly;
fixing two ends of the long shaft assembly in one of two bearings formed by the double-core bearings, respectively installing two driven gears at one end of the two short shafts, respectively fixing one end of the two short shafts, which is provided with the driven gear, in the other bearing formed by the two double-core bearings, and ensuring that the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear;
and the two short shaft assemblies are respectively provided with one crank, the other ends of the two short shaft assemblies are respectively fixed in the two single-core bearing assemblies, and the rest two cranks are respectively arranged at the two ends of the long shaft assembly to complete the assembly of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door.
Further, the detecting whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism meet the design requirements while maintaining the state that the unloading door is closed specifically includes:
and detecting the heights of the pin holes at the end parts of the four cranks from the reference surface when the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism maintains the closing state of the unloading door, acquiring the deviations of the four heights, and comparing the deviations with a deviation set value.
Further, the equipment that the chassis is constituteed is carried out at the second station, detects qualified the installation of unloading door switching drive mechanism on the chassis is constituteed to and the turn-over of chassis constitution welds, include:
assembling and welding the support beams formed by the underframe in a turning manner to obtain a underframe beam assembly;
installing the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door which is qualified by detection on the underframe beam assembly;
and assembling and welding the horizontal saddle assembly and the vertical saddle assembly formed by the underframe and the underframe beam assembly in a turning way to obtain the underframe assembly.
Further, assembling and welding the support beams formed by the underframe in a turning manner to obtain a underframe beam assembly; and simultaneously, assembling and detecting the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door and/or adjusting and processing the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door at the first station.
Further, the installing the outer wall assembly, the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element on the chassis assembly respectively comprises:
assembling the outer wall assembly and the underframe assembly to obtain a steel structure assembly;
mounting the unloading door assembly on the steel structure assembly, and then performing turn-over welding on the steel structure assembly;
and installing the opening and closing power element of the unloading door on the steel structure assembly after the overturning welding.
Further, after the steel structure assembly is turned over and welded, the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element are respectively connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism.
According to the technical scheme, the railway hopper car assembling method provided by the invention has the advantages that the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is independently assembled at the first station, all parts are assembled into the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism, the modular assembly of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is realized, the assembling beat is 2 cars/class, and the required number of people is 17. After the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is assembled, the action condition of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is detected, specifically, whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements or not is detected, because the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is not installed on a vehicle body at the moment, each part can be independently detected, the influence of the machining error of each part on the action of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is determined, the reason of the mechanism abnormity is finally determined, the problem of abnormal opening and closing is solved by adjusting and machining the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism, and the machining error of each part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism and the adverse influence of the mechanism assembling error on the action of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism are eliminated.
The qualified opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door is arranged on the bottom frame assembly, and then the assembly of the outer wall assembly, the bottom frame assembly, the unloading door assembly and the opening and closing power element of the unloading door and the connection of the unloading door assembly, the opening and closing power element of the unloading door and the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door are carried out, so that the transmission of the assembly tolerance and the welding deformation of the outer wall assembly, the bottom frame assembly, the unloading door assembly and the opening and closing power element of the unloading door to the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door can be avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the railway hopper car assembling method provided by the invention effectively eliminates the phenomenon of inflexible opening and closing of the unloading door caused by accumulated machining errors in the manufacturing process of each part through the modular assembly of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door. The whole assembly mode of the assembly method is from bottom (bottom frame) to top (outer wall) and from inside (unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism) to outside (unloading door assembly), and extra protection operation is not needed in the assembly process, so that the trolley quality and the assembly efficiency are effectively improved, and the labor intensity of the trolley assembly operation is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of assembling a railroad hopper car in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a railroad hopper car according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the installation position of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the opening and closing actuator of the discharge door of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating the detection of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the eccentricity of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door.
Description of reference numerals: 10-underframe assembly, 11-horizontal saddle assembly, 12-longitudinal saddle assembly, 13-center beam, 14-longitudinal saddle reinforcing plate, 15-longitudinal saddle supporting angle steel and 16-mounting surface; 20-a cargo door opening and closing transmission mechanism, 21-a long shaft assembly, 22-a short shaft assembly, 23-a double-core bearing assembly, 24-a single-core bearing assembly, 25-a transmission gear, 251-a driving gear, 252-a driven gear, 26-a crank and 27-a pin hole; 30-unloading door; 40-power element for opening and closing the unloading door; 50-outer wall composition, 51-end wall, 52-side wall; 60-a linkage mechanism; 70-a rack and pinion mechanism; 80-a detection platform; 90-stop block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an assembling method of a railway hopper car is suitable for assembling various types of railway hopper cars, referring to fig. 2, the railway hopper car mainly comprises an underframe assembly 10, an outer wall assembly 50, an unloading door assembly 30, an unloading door opening and closing power element 40 and an unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20, referring to fig. 1 to 5, the assembling method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, assembling the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 at the first station, and detecting whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 meet the design requirements when the unloading door is kept closed after the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is assembled; if not, adjusting and processing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 until the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements; and assembling the underframe assembly 10 at a second station, detecting the installation of the qualified opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 of the unloading door on the underframe assembly 10, and performing turnover welding on the underframe assembly 10. Due to the different stations, the operations in the first and second stations can be performed simultaneously. The specific content of the step is as follows:
and S11, assembling, detecting and adjusting the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20.
And S111, assembling the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 at the first station, and assembling all parts of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 together to obtain an unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 module.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 includes a long shaft assembly 21, two short shaft assemblies 22, two double-core bearing assemblies 23, two single-core bearing assemblies 24, two sets of transmission gears 25 and four cranks 26, each set of transmission gears 25 includes a driving gear 251 and a driven gear 252, and the assembling method of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is as follows:
two driving gears 251 are arranged at two ends of the long shaft assembly 21, and a certain length is reserved at two ends of the long shaft assembly 21 for the installation of a crank 26 and the connection with a bearing;
two ends of the long shaft assembly 21 are respectively fixed in one of two bearings of the two double-core bearing assemblies 23, two driven gears 252 are respectively arranged at one ends of the two short shaft assemblies 22, which are provided with the driven gears 252, are respectively fixed in the other bearings of the two double-core bearing assemblies, and the driving gear 251 and the driven gear 252 are ensured to be meshed;
the two short shaft assemblies 22 are respectively provided with a crank 26, the other ends of the two short shaft assemblies are respectively fixed in the two single-core bearing assemblies 24, the other two cranks 26 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the long shaft assembly, the assembly of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is completed, and the assembled unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is shown in fig. 5.
S112, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is used for transmitting the power of the unloading door opening and closing power element 40 and driving the unloading door assembly 30 to open and close, so that whether the opening action and the closing action of the unloading door assembly 30 reach the standard or not is an important index for measuring the quality of the railway hopper car. It is therefore necessary to detect the movement of the whole mechanism after assembly.
When the railway hopper car works, the unloading door is kept closed for a long time and is opened when unloading is needed, so that whether the state of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 meets the design requirement when the unloading door is closed is only detected during detection, and if the state of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 reaches the standard when the unloading door is closed, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 can smoothly drive the unloading door to be opened.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the characteristic parameter of the detected opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door when the closing state of the unloading door is maintained is the eccentricity, the eccentricity is a technical parameter of the closing state of the unloading door, and after the eccentricity is detected to be qualified, the unloading door can be ensured not to be opened accidentally in the use process of the vehicle.
The eccentricity detection is to measure whether the heights of the pin holes 27 of the four cranks 26 of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism are consistent in a door closing state. The method specifically comprises the following steps: when the discharge door opening/closing transmission mechanism 20 is in a state of maintaining the closed discharge door, the heights of the pin holes 27 at the ends of the four cranks 26 from the reference plane are detected, and the four height deviations are obtained and compared with a deviation set value.
Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, the inspection platform 80 is used to inspect the opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 of the unloading door, the inspection platform 80 may be an inspection platform of a trolley assembly line, and the inspection plane has a good flatness, and the inspection plane of the inspection platform 80 is used as a reference plane to measure the value of the characteristic parameter of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door in the current state, and compare the value with the set value.
Since the discharge door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is not mounted on the chassis assembly during the inspection, and the discharge door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is not connected to the discharge door and the opening and closing power element, the discharge door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 needs to be first opened to maintain the closed state of the discharge door and then kept in the opened state, and how to maintain the opened state (closed state) of the discharge door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 directly affects the inspection accuracy.
Referring to fig. 6, in the present embodiment, a stop 90 is disposed on the testing platform 80, and the stop 90 has a higher surface quality after being tested and calibrated in advance. The stopper 90 limits the discharge door opening/closing transmission mechanism 20, and when the discharge door opening/closing transmission mechanism 20 contacts the stopper 90, the discharge door opening/closing transmission mechanism 20 is just opened until the state of closing the discharge door is maintained. The stopper 90 keeps the discharge door opening/closing transmission mechanism 20 in a state of driving the discharge door to close, thereby ensuring detection accuracy.
And S113, if the detection is not satisfactory, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 needs to be adjusted, and the adjustment can be carried out at the first station or other stations (except the second station). In this embodiment, the adjustment process includes the following steps:
at least one part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is selected and replaced, the selected part is replaced for the corresponding part in the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20, whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements or not is detected, one or more key parts causing the abnormal action of the mechanism 20 can be determined through the step, and the morphological parameters of the key parts causing the abnormal action of the mechanism 20 are judged, so that the machining operation of the parts is guided.
If the selected parts still cannot make the mechanism 20 meet the standard, the key slot on at least one part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 needs to be repaired (all parts of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 are connected by key) until the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 meets the design requirement. In other embodiments, the adjustment process step may skip the optional replacement of the components and directly trim the key slot.
Through the adjustment processing, the whole unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 can be ensured to be balanced, and the relevant technical parameters of all parts of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 can be ensured to be qualified. Because the whole detection and adjustment processing process is carried out independently, the assembly tolerance and welding deformation of the chassis assembly cannot be conducted to the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20, and the quality of the whole vehicle is ensured.
S12, the partial assembly of the chassis assembly 10 is performed at the second station. The method specifically comprises the following steps: and assembling and welding the underframe beam assembly at a second station, wherein the underframe beam assembly comprises all supporting beams of the underframe assembly 10, such as cross beams, side beams, middle beams 13 and the like, and the supporting beams are assembled and welded to obtain the underframe beam assembly which is the mounting base of other parts of the railway hopper car.
Since the assembly of the discharge door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is performed at the first station, the inspection is performed on the inspection platform 80, the adjustment processing is performed at the other stations except the second station, and the assembly and the tack welding with the underframe beam are performed at the second station, the above steps S11 and S12 can be performed simultaneously.
And S13, installing the qualified opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 of the unloading door on the underframe beam assembly at the second station.
The qualified opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 of the unloading door can be installed on the underframe assembly 10. In order to enlarge the storage space, the railway hopper car can fully utilize the structural gap of the car frame to install and unload the loading and unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 during the design, and the horizontal saddle assembly 11 and the vertical saddle assembly 12 are obliquely installed, so that a larger gap can be formed between the saddle plate and the bottom frame beam for installing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20, therefore, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is installed before the horizontal saddle assembly 11 and the vertical saddle assembly 12 are assembled, namely, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is firstly installed on the bottom frame beam assembly, then the horizontal saddle assembly 11 and the vertical saddle assembly 12 are installed, and the whole bottom frame assembly is turned over and welded.
And S14, assembling the horizontal saddle assembly 11 and the vertical saddle assembly 12 of the underframe assembly 10 with the underframe beam assembly at a second station, and completing the turnover welding of the whole underframe assembly 10 to obtain the underframe assembly 10.
The horizontal saddle is constituteed 11 and is indulged the saddle and constitute 12 and regard as the floor of railway hopper car carriage, and railway hopper car carriage is constituteed 11 and is indulged the saddle and constitute 12 through horizontal saddle and divide into a plurality of unloading district, and every unloading district all installs a discharge door, and horizontal saddle is constituteed 11 and indulges the saddle board that the saddle of constituteing 12 and is the slope setting, plays the guide effect, and the goods relies on the dead weight gliding to unload.
S2, the outer wall assembly 50, the unloading door assembly 30 and the unloading door opening and closing power element 40 are respectively installed on the underframe assembly 10, and the unloading door assembly 30 and the unloading door opening and closing power element 40 are respectively connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 to complete the railway hopper car assembly.
The outer wall assembly 50 mainly comprises an end wall 51 and a side wall 52, wherein the end wall 51 and the side wall 52 both have larger areas, and more reinforcing parts and threaded fasteners are needed during installation, so that a larger operation space is needed. In this embodiment, the outer wall assembly 50 is first installed after the chassis assembly is turned over and welded, and since the unloading door assembly 30 and the unloading door opening and closing power element 40 are not installed at this time, the operation space at the first station is large and a protection operation is not required (the main purpose of the protection operation is to protect installed key equipment such as power elements and the like and to prevent fine parts used in the outer wall installation from falling off to affect the operation of installed movable equipment).
The outer wall assembly 50 and the underframe assembly 10 are assembled to obtain a steel structure assembly, and the steel structure assembly of the whole vehicle body is completed; the discharge door assembly 30 is installed to the steel structural assembly and then the steel structural assembly is tack welded. After the welding, the steel structure composition is checked, and in the process, the unloading door composition 30 is connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20.
And finally, the unloading door opening and closing power element 40 is arranged on the steel structure assembly after the overturning welding, the unloading door opening and closing power element 40 is connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20, and the whole vehicle is handed over and checked, and the assembly is completed.
The railway hopper car assembling method provided by the invention effectively eliminates the phenomenon of inflexible opening and closing of the unloading door caused by accumulated machining errors in the manufacturing process of each part through the modular assembly of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door.
Application example:
the method of assembling a railroad hopper car according to the invention is described in detail below, taking a K16A ore hopper car as an example:
referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 of the K16A ore hopper car comprises a long shaft assembly 21, two double-core bearing assemblies 23, two single-core bearing assemblies 24, two short shaft assemblies 22, two sets of transmission gears 25 and four cranks 26, wherein: two groups of transmission gears 25 are respectively arranged at two ends of the long shaft assembly 21, each group of transmission gears 25 comprises a driving gear and a driven gear, the driving gear is arranged on the long shaft assembly 21, and the driven gear is arranged on the short shaft assembly 22. The long shaft assembly 21 and the short shaft assembly 22 are arranged in parallel, and are fixedly installed through two double-core bearing assemblies 23 and two single-core bearing assemblies 24, four cranks 26 are respectively installed at two ends of the long shaft assembly 21 and the two short shaft assemblies 22, namely, the two cranks 26 are respectively installed at two ends of the long shaft assembly 21, and the cranks 26 are respectively installed on the two short shaft assemblies 22.
The K16A ore hopper car adopts the side door that inclines, sets up 4 unloading door 30 altogether in the bottom of the side of whole car, and the upper portion and the chassis of unloading door 30 are articulated, and unloading door 30 during the freight, unloading door 30 paste the chassis downside, and unloading door 30 is opened during the unloading, and the goods is discharged from the opening part between unloading door 30 and the chassis.
The unloading door opening and closing power element 40 drives the long shaft assembly 21 to rotate through a gear rack mechanism 70, and provides power for the action of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20. The power element 40 for opening and closing the unloading door is an air cylinder, the air cylinder drives a rack of the gear rack mechanism 70 to extend out, a gear of the gear rack mechanism 70 is installed at one end of the long shaft assembly 21, and the gear drives the long shaft assembly 21 to rotate (3 gears are actually installed on the long shaft assembly 21 and comprise two driving gears 251 and a gear matched with the rack, a single-core bearing assembly is further arranged on the outer side of the gear rack mechanism 70, so that the stability of the torque transmission between the gear and the long shaft is ensured, and the installation operation of the gear matched with the rack and the corresponding single-core bearing assembly is arranged in the assembling process of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism. The long shaft assembly 21 transmits torque to the short shaft assembly 22 through the transmission gear 25, the long shaft assembly 21 and the short shaft assembly 22 drive the four cranks 26 together, and the four cranks 26 drive the 4 unloading doors 30 to be opened simultaneously through the four connecting rod mechanisms 60 for unloading.
Referring to fig. 1, the method of assembly of the K16A ore hopper car is as follows:
(1) and hoisting the supporting beams such as the cross beam, the side beam, the middle beam 13 and the like to an assembling station through a crown block, and assembling and welding the supporting beams in a turnover mode. Meanwhile, a long shaft assembly 21, two short shaft assemblies 22, two double-core bearing assemblies 23, three single-core bearing assemblies 24, five gears 25, four cranks 26, a bearing seat end cover and the like are assembled into the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 in other areas outside the assembling station.
(2) After the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is assembled, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is detected on the detection platform 80, referring to fig. 6, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is placed to an open state (a state that the unloading door is closed is maintained), at the moment, the four cranks 26 are respectively contacted with the four check blocks 90, whether the heights L of the holes 27 at the upper parts of the four cranks 26 from the detection platform 80 are consistent or not is detected, the deviation of the height L value is less than or equal to 2mm, when the deviation of the L value exceeds 2mm, parts of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 need to be selected, if the selection still cannot enable the deviation of the height L value to be less than or equal to 2mm, key grooves on the gear, the crank, the long shaft and the short shaft are trimmed until the L value. The assembly and adjustment time of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is 4 hours totally, and the number of used workers is 17.
(3) And integrally hoisting the qualified unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 to the underframe beam assembly, wherein the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 is arranged on the upper plane 16 of the middle beam 13.
(4) And assembling a horizontal saddle assembly 11 and a vertical saddle assembly 12, inserting the vertical saddle support angle steel between the long shaft assembly and the transmission mechanism mounting surface 16, turning over to an assembling position, and performing turning welding on the whole underframe assembly.
(5) And installing an end wall 51 and a side wall 52 on the underframe assembly to finish the assembly of the steel structure of the car body.
(6) The discharge door assembly 30 is installed to the steel structural assembly and then the steel structural assembly is tack welded. After the welding, the steel structure composition is checked, and in the process, the unloading door composition 30 is connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 through the link mechanism 60.
(7) The cylinder is arranged on the steel structure assembly after the welding, the unloading door assembly 30 is connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism 20 through a gear rack mechanism, and the whole vehicle is checked and assembled.
After the assembly is completed, the eccentric distances of all the positions formed by the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism and the unloading door are consistent, and the opening and closing actions are flexible.
Through the embodiment, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the railway hopper car assembling method provided by the invention effectively eliminates the phenomenon of inflexible opening and closing of the unloading door caused by accumulated machining errors in the manufacturing process of each part through the modular assembly of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door. The whole assembly mode of the assembly method is from bottom to top and from inside to outside, no additional protection operation is needed in the assembly process, the trolley quality and the assembly efficiency are effectively improved, and the labor intensity of the trolley assembly operation is reduced.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A railway hopper car assembling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
assembling the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism at a first station, and detecting whether characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet design requirements or not after the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is assembled; if not, adjusting and processing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism until the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements;
assembling the underframe assembly at a second station, detecting the installation of the qualified opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door on the underframe assembly, and performing turnover welding on the underframe assembly;
and the outer wall assembly, the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element are respectively arranged on the turned-welded underframe assembly at a second station, and the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element are respectively connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism to complete the assembly of the railway hopper car.
2. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as in claim 1, wherein: the detecting whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism meet the design requirements when the unloading door is maintained to be closed comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of placing the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism on a detection platform, setting the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism to be in a state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door, taking a detection plane of the detection platform as a reference plane, measuring the value of a characteristic parameter of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the current state, and comparing the value with a set value.
3. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as in claim 2, wherein: the detection plane is provided with a stop block, when the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism maintains the closing state of the unloading door, the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is in contact with the stop block, and the stop block limits the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism so as to maintain the current state of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism unchanged during detection.
4. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the right the processing is adjusted to unload door switching drive mechanism, include:
and at least one part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is selectively replaced, and/or a key groove on at least one part of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism is repaired.
5. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as in claim 4, wherein: unloading door switching drive mechanism includes that the major axis is constituteed, two core bearings are constituteed, two single core bearings are constituteed, two minor axis are constituteed, two sets of drive gear and four cranks, and every group drive gear all includes driving gear and driven gear, go on at first station unloading door switching drive mechanism's equipment includes:
installing the two driving gears at two ends of the long shaft assembly;
fixing two ends of the long shaft assembly in one of two bearings formed by the double-core bearings, respectively installing two driven gears at one end of the two short shafts, respectively fixing one end of the two short shafts, which is provided with the driven gear, in the other bearing formed by the two double-core bearings, and ensuring that the driving gear is meshed with the driven gear;
and the two short shaft assemblies are respectively provided with one crank, the other ends of the two short shaft assemblies are respectively fixed in the two single-core bearing assemblies, and the rest two cranks are respectively arranged at the two ends of the long shaft assembly to complete the assembly of the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door.
6. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as in claim 5, wherein: the detecting whether the characteristic parameters of the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism in the state of maintaining the closing state of the unloading door meet the design requirements specifically comprises the following steps:
and detecting the heights of the pin holes at the end parts of the four cranks from the reference surface when the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism maintains the closing state of the unloading door, acquiring the deviations of the four heights, and comparing the deviations with a deviation set value.
7. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as set forth in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: carry out the equipment that the chassis is constituteed at the second station, detect qualified the installation of unloading door switching drive mechanism on the chassis is constituteed to and the upset of chassis constitution is welded, include:
assembling and welding the support beams formed by the underframe in a turning manner to obtain a underframe beam assembly;
installing the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door which is qualified by detection on the underframe beam assembly;
and assembling and welding the horizontal saddle assembly and the vertical saddle assembly formed by the underframe and the underframe beam assembly in a turning way to obtain the underframe assembly.
8. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as in claim 7, wherein: assembling and welding the support beams formed by the underframe in a turning manner to obtain a underframe beam assembly; and simultaneously, assembling and detecting the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door and/or adjusting and processing the opening and closing transmission mechanism of the unloading door at the first station.
9. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as set forth in any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the said outer wall make up, the said unloading door makes up and the opening and closing power component of the said unloading door is installed on the said chassis makes up separately, including:
assembling the outer wall assembly and the underframe assembly to obtain a steel structure assembly;
mounting the unloading door assembly on the steel structure assembly, and then performing turn-over welding on the steel structure assembly;
and installing the opening and closing power element of the unloading door on the steel structure assembly after the overturning welding.
10. A method of assembling a railroad hopper car as in claim 9, wherein: and after the steel structure assembly is welded, the unloading door assembly and the unloading door opening and closing power element are respectively connected with the unloading door opening and closing transmission mechanism.
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| CN201911095471.4A CN110814562B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Railway hopper car assembling method |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911095471.4A CN110814562B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Railway hopper car assembling method |
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| CN110814562B CN110814562B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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| US20030015117A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-01-23 | Miner Enterprises, Inc. | Railroad hopper car gate assembly and method of operating same |
| CN203623672U (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-06-04 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Fixing device for switching mechanism of four-link type bottom door of railway hopper car |
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| CN205273465U (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-06-01 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Clearance adjustable bottom door closing mechanism opens door |
| CN109909735A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-21 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | The assembling device and method of hopper wagon bottom door switching mechanism |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030015117A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-01-23 | Miner Enterprises, Inc. | Railroad hopper car gate assembly and method of operating same |
| CN203623672U (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-06-04 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Fixing device for switching mechanism of four-link type bottom door of railway hopper car |
| CN205273465U (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-06-01 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Clearance adjustable bottom door closing mechanism opens door |
| CN105382533A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-09 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Assembling method for wagon broadsword type bottom door opening and closing mechanism |
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| CN110814562B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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