CN110811605A - 多电极导管中电极表面阻抗的自动调整 - Google Patents

多电极导管中电极表面阻抗的自动调整 Download PDF

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CN110811605A
CN110811605A CN201910743869.8A CN201910743869A CN110811605A CN 110811605 A CN110811605 A CN 110811605A CN 201910743869 A CN201910743869 A CN 201910743869A CN 110811605 A CN110811605 A CN 110811605A
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E.罗特曼
M.勒文
Y.邦雅克
A.维恩斯基
M.巴-泰
O.杜尔格
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Biosense Webster Israel Ltd
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Abstract

本发明题为“多电极导管中电极表面阻抗的自动调整”。本发明公开一种设备,其包括可控信号源和处理器。该可控信号源被配置成将交流(AC)信号施加到浸入水溶液中的多电极导管的多个电极。处理器被配置成响应于所施加的AC信号来估计电极中的每一个电极的相应表面阻抗或相应电噪音水平。该处理器进一步被配置成当该电极的估计的表面阻抗或电噪音水平下降至低于预设值时,独立于其他电极而使每个电极断开连接。

Description

多电极导管中电极表面阻抗的自动调整
技术领域
本发明整体涉及医疗探头,并且具体地讲,涉及电生理感测导管。
背景技术
提出了用于改善生物相容性电极的电特性的各种已知技术。例如,在De Luca和Forrest的登于IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering,卷BME-19,序号5,1972年9月,367-372页的“用于记录在强肌肉收缩期间的单个马达单元活动的电极(AnElectrode for Recording Single Motor Unit Activity during Strong MuscleContractions)”中描述了提供四个单极和六个双极微电极组合的轻型针状电极的构造。描述了一种用于减小电极阻抗的电解处理。在电解处理之前、电解处理之后十分钟和电解处理之后72小时测量十二个单极和十二个双极微电极的频率响应。波德形式用于合成三种情况中的每一种情况的简单电阻-电容(RC)模型,从而给予对电极尖端处的物理改变的某种洞察。
又如,在Gielen和Bergveld的登于Medical&Biological Engineering&Computing,1982年1月,卷20,77-83页的“电生理实验中使用的Pt、PtIr(10%Ir)和Ir-AIROF电极的电极阻抗的比较(Comparison of Electrode Impedances of Pt,PtIr(10%Ir)and Ir-AIROF Electrodes Used in Electrophysiological Experiments)”中描述了四个电极组件的组织阻抗测量,该组织阻抗测量由于四个电极阵列中的电极阻抗和杂散电容的组合而遭遇意料不到的困难,这可能导致低频范围内的严重测量失败。本公开描述了使用电解蚀刻来放大电极的有效表面,从而导致较低的电极阻抗。通过在两者都浸入盐水溶液中的电极与大的无关Pt环电极之间施加正弦电压来实现蚀刻。
美国专利4,721,551描述了一种用于将铱金属电镀到金属微电极的表面上以在生物医学假肢装置中使用的方法。该方法的另一个方面公开了通过在体外条件下选择的生理上等同的磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液中储存介于约6小时和150小时之间来调节微电极。通过在介于约1和100之间的循环内以介于100和10,000毫伏每秒之间的速率施加介于约正1和负1伏之间的电压以在微电极的表面上形成至少一层氧化铱来完成微电极的进一步调节。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案提供包括可控信号源和处理器的设备。该可控信号源被配置成将交流(AC)信号施加到浸入水溶液中的多电极导管的多个电极。该处理器被配置成响应于所施加的AC信号来估计该电极中的每一个电极的相应表面阻抗或相应电噪音水平。该处理器进一步被配置成当该电极的估计的表面阻抗或电噪音水平下降至低于预设值时,独立于其他电极而使每个电极断开连接。
在一些实施方案中,该设备还包括用户接口,该用户接口被配置成从用户接收该可控信号源的输出参数,并且该处理器被配置成利用从该用户接收的该输出参数来配置该可控信号源。
在一些实施方案中,该设备还包括与每个电极串联连接的相应电阻器,并且该处理器被配置成感测每个电阻器的两端上的相应电压降,并且响应于该电压降来估计该电极的表面阻抗或电噪音水平。
在一个实施方案中,该设备还包括与每个电极串联连接的相应开关,并且该处理器被配置成通过控制该相应开关来使每个电极断开连接。
在另一个实施方案中,该处理器被配置成基于该表面阻抗或该电噪音水平的先前调整过程的结果来设定该预设值。
根据本发明的实施方案,另外提供一种方法,包括将交流(AC)信号施加到浸入水溶液中的多电极导管的多个电极。响应于该施加的AC信号来估计该电极中的每一个电极的相应表面阻抗或相应电噪音水平。当该电极的估计的表面阻抗或电噪音水平下降至低于预设值时,独立于其他电极而使每个电极断开连接。
结合附图,通过以下对本发明的实施方案的详细描述,将更全面地理解本发明,其中:
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的实施方案的基于导管的电生理标测系统的示意性图解;
图2为根据本发明的实施方案的用于均衡化多电极导管的微电极的表面阻抗的电化学设备的示意性框图;
图3A和图3B是根据本发明的实施方案的示出用于均衡化微电极的阻抗或电噪音的调节过程的示意曲线图;
图4A至4F为根据本发明的实施方案的示出在调节过程之前和调节过程之后由微电极生成的测量的电噪音的曲线图对;并且
图5为根据本发明的实施方案的示意性地示出了用于均衡化微电极的阻抗的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
概述
可将标测导管引入患者的心脏中以诊断电生理状况,诸如心律失常。使用装配在导管远侧端部处的电极,内科医生然后可采集电生理信号,该电生理信号指示负责电生理医学状况的一个或多个心内部位的性质和位置。然后,内科医生可执行局部治疗,诸如心内消融。
可利用两个相邻的小面积电极(即,在双极信号采集几何结构中)来执行对组织电势的局部测量。为了在器官(诸如心脏)中执行此类双极测量,将电极装配在插入心脏中的探头的远侧端部处(诸如电生理标测导管的远侧端部处)。另外地或另选地,相同导管可用于单极测量几何结构,其中小面积电极中的一个或多个测量相对于附接到皮肤的一个或多个表面电极的心脏组织电势。
小面积电极的表面质量的各种问题可致使电生理信号遭受非期望的伪影,无论是使用双极感测几何结构还是单极感测几何结构。此类干扰可包括低频噪音(例如,基线漂移)和/或高频白噪音。此类噪音可阻碍基于在侵入式手术期间执行的测量的稳健临床诊断。
下文所述的本发明的实施方案均衡化多电极导管的小面积电极(在下文也称为“微电极”)的表面阻抗和/或由小面积电极生成的电噪音,从而得到优异的信号质量。测量的信号质量的改善可例如在使用双极测量几何结构装配在导管远侧端部处的微电极所采集的心内心电图(ECG)信号中是明显的。
在一些实施方案中,提供一种通过电解进行微电极调节的方法,该方法包括在给定公差内将全部微电极的表面阻抗自动地均衡化至预设最小值。该方法基于使低振幅(例如若干μA至若干mA)和低频(例如,若干赫兹至几十赫兹)电流在电极中的每一个电极和返回电极(即,公共接地)之间传递,同时将电极和返回电极放置在水溶液(例如,盐水溶液)中。
在一个实施方案中,信号源生成上述电流。可控信号源将电流施加至电极。在电解过程中,处理器例如使用实时电压测量来连续地估计微电极中的每一个微电极和返回电极之间的阻抗。为了均衡化阻抗,无论何时单个微电极阻抗达到预设最小值,处理器自动地(并且独立于电极的其余部分)使微电极与信号源断开连接,使得通过电解进行电极调节的过程停止。当全部微电极达到所需的预设最小阻抗值并且全部微电极与信号源断开连接时,调节该组微电极的整个过程结束。
在一个另选的实施方案中,所公开的方法的变体适用于基于实时测量由微电极生成的电噪音,并且当电极噪音下降到低于预设噪音值时独立地使每个微电极从电解断开连接来调节电极。
用于改善使用微电极采集的电生理信号的质量的所公开的技术可有助于提供侵入式手术的稳健临床诊断成果。以此方式,所公开的技术可改善侵入式手术(诸如心导管插入术)的总体功效。
系统说明
图1为根据本发明的实施方案的基于导管的电生理标测系统21的示意性图解。图1示出使用电解剖标测导管29执行患者25的心脏23的电解剖标测的内科医生27。标测导管29在其远侧端部处包括一个或多个臂20,该臂中的每一个臂耦接到一个或多个电极22。
在标测过程中,当电极22在患者的心脏23内部时,跟踪电极22的位置。为此,电信号在电极22和外部电极24之间传递。例如,三个外部电极24可耦接到患者的胸部,并且另外三个外部电极可耦接到患者的背部。(为了便于说明,图1中仅示出一个外部电极。)
基于信号,并且给定在患者身体上的电极24的已知位置,处理器28计算电极22中的每一个电极在患者心脏内的估计的位置。通过使用电极22另外从心脏23的组织采集相应的电生理数据,诸如心内ECG迹线。因此,处理器可将从电极22接收的任何给定信号(诸如电生理信号)与采集信号的位置相关联。处理器28经由电接口35接收所得的信号,并且使用包含在这些信号中的信息来构造电生理标测图31和ECG迹线40,并且将这些信号呈现在显示器26上。
图1所示的示例性例证完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。也可采用其他类型的电生理感测导管几何结构,诸如
Figure BDA0002164913340000051
导管(由加利福尼亚州尔湾的Biosense-Webster公司制造)。另外,接触传感器可装配在标测导管29的远侧端部处,并且传输指示电极与组织接触的物理质量的数据。在一个实施方案中,如果一个或多个电极22的物理接触质量被指示为差,则它们的测量值可被丢弃,并且如果其他电极接触质量被指示为足够,则它们的测量值可被认为是有效的。
处理器28通常包括通用计算机,该通用计算机具有经编程以执行本文所述功能的软件。该软件可通过网络以电子形式被下载到计算机,例如或者其可另选地或另外地设置和/或存储在非临时性有形介质(诸如磁学存储器、光学存储器或电子存储器)上。
电极阻抗的自动调整
图2为根据本发明的实施方案的用于均衡化多电极导管29的微电极22的表面阻抗的电化学设备50的示意性框图。如图所示,将微电极22浸入填充有盐水溶液的浴池41中,当电流在电极22和同样浸入浴池41中的返回电极33之间流动时引起电解条件。导管29经由导管的柄部32处的连接器45电连接到设备50。
设备50的用户接口30连接到可控交流(AC)信号源34和处理器37。用户接口30允许用户设定可控信号源34的输出参数并且预设定目标电阻抗和/或电噪音值,在此处限制处理器37停止电解。
在电解期间,信号源34通过相应的微电极22驱动独立AC电流的数字N,N≥2。电极33形成用于AC电流的返回路径。相应的开关(例如,继电器55)被配置成通过打开继电器的触点‘3-4’可选择性地使每个电极22与信号源34断开连接。继电器55由处理器37控制。
在电解期间,处理器37可通过测量串联电阻器44R1至RN上的相应电压降来评估流动通过电极22的单个电流。处理器37被配置成独立地关闭(即断开连接)继电器55中的每一个继电器,以便当经由通道连接的电极的所评估的阻抗达到预设的目标最小阻抗值时和/或当所评估的电噪音下降至预设电噪音值以下时使相应的电极22断开连接。
图2所示的示例性例证完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。图2仅示出了与本发明的实施方案相关的部件。例如,处理器37可测量串联电阻器44R1至RN上的电压降的噪音的RMS值、或峰到峰值。另选地使用电压源,可控信号源34可包括电流源,其中处理器37测量在调节过程期间在串联电阻器44R1至Rn上下降的变化的电压。可使用其他系统元件(诸如数字示波器)并且为了便于呈现,省略了这些系统元件。
图3A和图3B是根据本发明的实施方案的示出用于均衡化微电极的阻抗或电噪音的调节过程的示意图。图3A示出了根据调节的持续时间测量的电极22的阻抗-大小曲线58。如图所示,在调节过程开始时(时间=0),阻抗-大小58的初始值在电极之间变化。当电流流动通过不同电极时,它们的阻抗-大小下降,每个阻抗-大小以单个的方式下降。当给定电极(诸如具有阻抗-大小曲线58k的电极22k)的阻抗-大小在时间tk处达到预设阻抗-大小56|Zo|时,处理器37关闭通道k继电器。然后终止用于电极22k的阻抗均衡化(即,调节)过程。如图3A所示,各种电极具有不同的处理持续时间,以使其阻抗-大小达到预设值|Zo|。
另选地,在一些实施方案中,设备50用于将由电极22生成的峰到峰电噪音均衡化至多给定公差,该峰到峰电噪音以例如电压RMS呈现。类似的调节过程如图3B中所示由设备50施加,其中替代测量阻抗,处理器37以测量的电压分析电噪音,如曲线59所示,该电噪音随时间单个地下降。最大RMS电噪音的预设目标值由电噪音限制57以电压|Vo|为单位给定。当单个通道的分析噪音达到|Vo|以下的值时,处理器37通过关闭相应的继电器55来响应地终止电极的调节。
图3A和图3B所示的图解完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。曲线58和曲线59的实际形式可以变化。相对于端点,预设阻抗56和RMS电噪音57可具有比分别针对曲线58和曲线59所示的那些值更大或更小的值。
图4A至图4F为根据本发明的实施方案的示出在调节过程之前和调节过程之后由微电极生成的测量的电噪音的曲线图对。图4A、图4C和图4E示出了在经历电化学设备50的噪音最小化之前测量的噪音(呈现为电压波动)的迹线。如图所示,图4E中由未调节电极生成的峰到峰噪音是由图4A所示的另一个未调节电极生成的噪音的两倍以上。在所公开的电噪音均衡化过程之后,电极的峰到峰噪音值在给定公差范围内变得更小并且非常类似,如由图4B、图4D和图4F所示的相应曲线图。
图5为根据本发明的实施方案的示意性地示出了用于均衡化微电极22的阻抗的方法的流程图。在预备步骤60处,该过程开始于将导管29电连接到设备50,并且将电极22浸入盐水浴41中。
接着,在调节过程步骤62处,均衡化阻抗的过程通过信号源34施加电解电流开始。在测量步骤64处,由处理器37在调节过程中周期性地测量电极22的单个阻抗。在比较步骤66处,处理器37将所评估的阻抗与预设阻抗值进行比较。如果给定电极22的阻抗达到预设值,那么处理器37使电极断开连接以停止电解。如果阻抗尚未达到预设值,则通过循环至调节过程步骤62来继续调节过程。
在一些实施方案中,在开始一组电极的每一单个调节过程之前,设定预设阻抗值和给定公差。例如,将目标阻抗值预设为导管的电极22之间的最低测量的阻抗。在另一个实施方案中,处理器37基于在先前均衡化过程中实现的阻抗值的统计分析(即,基于分析经历所公开的用于均衡化表面阻抗的过程的电极的电极阻抗数据)来设定预设阻抗。类似地,处理器37可基于在先前均衡化过程中实现的噪音水平的统计分析来设定预设噪音水平。
图5所示的示例性流程图完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。在一个另选的实施方案中,处理器37分析由每个电极生成的电噪音并且将该电噪音与预设噪音值进行比较。当由电极生成的电噪音下降至低于预设噪音值时,处理器37终止电极的调节过程62,如由处理器37所指示。
尽管本文描述的实施方案主要涉及侵入式心脏应用,但本文描述的方法和系统也可以用于其他应用,诸如侵入式神经病学手术中。本文所述的方法和系统也可与旨在用于非侵入式手术(诸如脑电图(EEG)的记录)的电极一起使用。
因此应当理解,上面描述的实施方案以举例的方式被引用,并且本发明不限于上文特定示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上文描述的各种特征的组合和子组合以及它们的变型和修改,本领域的技术人员在阅读上述描述时将会想到所述变型和修改,并且所述变型和修改并未在现有技术中公开。以引用方式并入本专利申请的文献被视为本申请的整体部分,不同的是如果这些并入的文献中限定的任何术语与本说明书中明确或隐含地给出的定义相冲突,则应仅考虑本说明书中的定义。

Claims (10)

1.一种设备,所述设备包括:
可控信号源,所述可控信号源被配置成将交流(AC)信号施加到浸入水溶液中的多电极导管的多个电极;和
处理器,所述处理器被配置成:
响应于所施加的AC信号来估计所述电极中的每一个电极的相应表面阻抗或相应电噪音水平;以及
当所述电极的所估计的表面阻抗或电噪音水平下降至低于预设值时,独立于其他电极而使每个电极断开连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,并且包括用户接口,所述用户接口被配置成从用户接收所述可控信号源的输出参数,其中所述处理器被配置成利用从所述用户接收的所述输出参数来配置所述可控信号源。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,并且包括与每个电极串联连接的相应电阻器,其中所述处理器被配置成感测每个电阻器的两端上的相应电压降,并且响应于所述电压降来估计所述电极的所述表面阻抗或所述电噪音水平。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,并且包括与每个电极串联连接的相应开关,其中所述处理器被配置成通过控制所述相应开关来使每个电极断开连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述处理器被配置成基于所述表面阻抗或所述电噪音水平的先前调整过程的结果来设定所述预设值。
6.一种方法,所述方法包括:
将交流(AC)信号施加到浸入水溶液中的多电极导管的多个电极;
响应于所施加的AC信号来估计所述电极中的每一个电极的相应表面阻抗或相应电噪音水平;以及
当所述电极的所估计的表面阻抗或电噪音水平下降至低于预设值时,独立于其他电极而使每个电极断开连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,并且包括从用户接收所述AC信号的参数,以及利用从所述用户接收的所述参数来配置所述AC信号。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中估计每个电极的所述表面阻抗或所述电噪音水平包括感测与每个电极串联连接的相应电阻器的两端上的相应电压降,以及响应于所述电压降来估计所述电极的所述表面阻抗或所述电噪音水平。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中使每个电极断开连接包括控制与每个电极串联连接的相应开关。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,并且包括基于所述表面阻抗或所述电噪音水平的先前调整过程的结果来设定所述预设值。
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