CN110806295B - Method for confirming ratio of structural part deformation and actual deformation calculated based on software - Google Patents
Method for confirming ratio of structural part deformation and actual deformation calculated based on software Download PDFInfo
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- CN110806295B CN110806295B CN201911114531.2A CN201911114531A CN110806295B CN 110806295 B CN110806295 B CN 110806295B CN 201911114531 A CN201911114531 A CN 201911114531A CN 110806295 B CN110806295 B CN 110806295B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for confirming the ratio of the deformation of a software-based calculation structural part to the actual deformation, which comprises the following steps: theoretically calculating the amount of deformation Δ1A value; measuring the actual measured deformation Δ2(ii) a Calculating the ratio I of the deformation1＝Δ2/Δ1(ii) a The bracket is rectified once to calculate the ratio I2Taking the average of the two ratios
Namely, the ratio of the deformation of the structural member to the actual deformation is calculated based on software. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the determined ratio is suitable for other occasions with higher rigidity and strength to the designed structural member, provides support for the theoretical calculation deformation of mechanical design and practical data, and can avoid the defects of rigidity and strength design; the experimental principle is simple and easy to implement, and the method can be popularized and used for practical checking of rigidity and strength of structural parts in other batch products; in order to prolong the service life of the structural member, improve the stability of equipment and avoid design waste, better basic data support is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical design, in particular to a method for confirming the ratio of the deformation of a structural part calculated based on software to the actual deformation.
Background
In mechanical design, in many cases, engineers know the control range of the deformation of the designed structural member and how to calculate the value of the theoretical deformation of the structural member through a stress analysis function by using three-dimensional design software, but the value of the theoretical deformation does not represent the actual deformation value of the structural member. The problem of how much the actual deflection differs from the deflection required by the design has been troubling many mechanical design engineers. Many non-standard machines are designed into fruits and are designed once, and the conditions that after the design is firstly verified, the initial requirements of the design are not met, and the fruits and the vegetables are put into use through improved design are not met. Once the deformation of the designed structural member does not meet the design requirements, the inherent design defects such as abnormal sound of running components, potential safety hazards of equipment, short service life of the structural member and the like can occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for confirming the ratio of the deformation of a structural part calculated based on software to the actual deformation, which meets the parameter setting under the same condition and ensures that the theoretical design value of the deformation meets the design requirement.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for confirming the ratio of the deformation of the structural part to the actual deformation based on software calculation comprises the following steps:
s1, theoretically calculating the deformation amount delta1The value: modeling a structural member bracket through solidworks software, opening a simulation plug-in command, respectively setting various parameters for the bracket according to actual load conditions, and running the commands such as the calculation example through gridding to obtain the theoretical deformation delta of the bracket1；
S2, processing the bracket into a real object according to the digital model of the bracket;
s3, preparing materials such as a load sample, a bracket, a support frame, a dial indicator measuring tool and the like;
s4, sequentially placing the brackets on the support frame by adopting a travelling crane, placing the load sample on the brackets, respectively measuring the difference value of the reading data of the dial indicator as the maximum actual deformation P of the brackets when the load sample is hoisted and placed at the front and the rear of the brackets by using the dial indicatorΔ2Measuring the deformation of the bracket three times respectively because the deformation of the bracket belongs to elastic deformation, and taking the average value of the three read values
Order to
S5: according to the actual measured deformation quantity delta2Theoretically calculated deformation quantity delta of structural member1And calculating the ratio I of the deformation1＝Δ2/Δ1；
S6: the bracket is once modified, and the ratio I is calculated according to the steps from S1 to S52Taking the average value of the two ratios I, and making I equal to I. Thereby the device is provided withThe ratio I of the deformation of the structural part calculated based on the software to the actual deformation is obtained, namely the requirement I delta1The deformation delta not greater than the design requirement can meet the design requirement.
Optionally, the modification includes adjusting a bracket structure, a size, a material parameter, a load parameter, and the like.
Optionally, the solidworks software is solidworks2014 software.
Optionally, the step S1 includes the following operations:
modeling the structure carrier through solidworks2014, opening the simulation plug-in command in solidworks2014 version, clicking "examples advisor", selecting "new examples" in the drop-down menu, selecting "static stress analysis" in the type, naming "static stress analysis 1";
right clicking the 'part', selecting an 'application material to all' commands, and selecting a 'common carbon steel' material in 'solid works materials';
right-clicking 'link', selecting 'part touch' command, touching type column, selecting 'joint' from dialog box; a parts column, to select "global touch"; the option column selects the 'compatible grid', and finally clicks the 'V' at the upper left corner to finish the item;
right-clicking the 'clamp', selecting a 'fixed geometry' command, selecting 'fixed geometry' from a dialog box, and selecting a contact surface of the fixed geometry in a digital model;
right-clicking the 'external load', selecting a 'gravitation' command, selecting a reference plane in a digital mode from a dialog box, and confirming the direction of the gravitation in the dialog box;
establishing a coordinate system 1 coincident with the gravity center position of the load sample piece according to the gravity center position of the load sample piece; right click "external load", select "remote load/mass" command, from dialog, type column, select "load (direct transfer)"; referring to the coordinate system column, selecting 'user definition' and selecting the established coordinate system 1 in the digital analogy; filling the gravity center distance value into a Y value according to the gravity center parameter and the position column item of the load sample piece: 1500, force column item, Y direction input 59000, confirm the direction of the good force;
right clicking 'grid', selecting 'generating grid' command, moving an arrow to the rightmost 'good' end by a mouse from a grid density column item in a dialog box, and clicking 'check square' at the upper left corner to finish the item; the generated grid;
clicking the upper toolbar to run the example, checking the displacement 1 in the result, and clicking the detection command in the pull-down menu of the graphic tool to measure the deformation value delta of the dark red area1。
The invention has the following advantages:
the method calculates the ratio of the deformation of the structural member to the actual deformation based on software, and meets the parameter setting under the same condition, so that the theoretical design value of the deformation meets the design requirement. Specifically, the deformation of the structural member is calculated through a simulation theory in solidworks software, and the actual deformation is measured through physical verification, so that the ratio of the simulation theoretical calculation value to the actual deformation in solidworks is obtained. The ratio determined by the method is suitable for other occasions with higher rigidity and strength to the designed structural part and is used for theoretical reference of designers.
The deformation is calculated for the theory of mechanical design, the support of practical data is provided, and the defects of rigidity and strength design can be avoided; the experimental principle is simple and easy to implement, and the method can be popularized and used for practical checking of rigidity and strength of structural parts in other batch products; in order to prolong the service life of the structural member, improve the stability of equipment and avoid design waste, better basic data support is provided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the bracket shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the bracket shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction a in fig. 3.
Fig. 5-15 are schematic diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the operation of step S1.
Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a modified bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of the carriage shown in fig. 16 subjected to step S1.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the operation in step S4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
the method for confirming the ratio of the deformation of the structural part to the actual deformation based on software calculation comprises the following steps:
s1, theoretically calculating the deformation amount delta1The value: modeling a structural member bracket through solidworks software, opening a simulation plug-in command, respectively setting various parameters for the bracket according to actual load conditions, and running the commands such as the calculation example through gridding to obtain the theoretical deformation delta of the bracket1；
S2, processing the bracket into a real object according to the digital model of the bracket;
s3, preparing materials such as a load sample, a bracket, a support frame, a dial indicator measuring tool and the like;
s4, sequentially placing the brackets on the support frame by adopting a travelling crane, placing the load sample on the brackets, respectively measuring the difference value of the reading data of the dial indicator as the maximum actual deformation P of the brackets when the load sample is hoisted and placed at the front and the rear of the brackets by using the dial indicatorΔ2Measuring the deformation of the bracket three times respectively because the deformation of the bracket belongs to elastic deformation, and taking the average value of the three read values
Order to
S5: according to the actual measured deformation quantity delta2Theoretically calculated deformation quantity delta of structural member1And calculating the ratio I of the deformation1＝Δ2/Δ1；
S6: the bracket is once modified according to the above-mentioned steps S1-S5Calculating the ratio I2Taking the average value of the two ratios I, and making I equal to I. The ratio of the deformation of the structural member to the actual deformation, i.e. the requirement I delta, is calculated based on software1The deformation delta not greater than the design requirement can meet the design requirement.
Optionally, the modification includes adjusting a bracket structure, a size, a material parameter, a load parameter, and the like.
Optionally, the solidworks software is solidworks2014 software. The following describes the operation steps of the present invention in further detail by taking solidworks2014 software as an example:
modeling the structural member bracket through solidworks2014, and machining 1 part into a real object according to the numerical model of the bracket in a ratio of 1: 1.
As shown in FIG. 5, open the simulation plug-in command in the solidworks2014 version, click "calculation advisor", select "New calculation" in the drop-down menu, select "static stress analysis" in the type, named "static stress analysis 1";
as shown in fig. 6, right-clicking the "part", selecting the "apply material to all" commands, and selecting the "plain carbon steel" material in the "solidworks materials";
as shown in fig. 7 to 8, right clicking "join" selects the "parts touch" command, and from the dialog box, touching the type field, selects "join"; a parts column, to select "global touch"; the option column selects the 'compatible grid', and finally clicks the 'V' at the upper left corner to finish the item;
as shown in fig. 9, right-clicking on the "fixture", selecting the "fixed geometry" command, selecting the "fixed geometry" from the dialog box, and selecting the four contact surfaces of the fixed geometry in the digital model;
as shown in fig. 10, right-clicking on "external load", selecting the "gravitation" command, selecting a reference plane in several modules from a dialog box, and confirming the direction of the gravitation in the dialog box;
as shown in fig. 11, a coordinate system 1 coinciding with the center of gravity position of the loaded sample is established based on the center of gravity position of the loaded sample. Right click "external load", select "remote load/mass" command, from dialog, type column, select "load (direct transfer)"; referring to the coordinate system column, selecting 'user definition' and selecting the established coordinate system 1 in the digital analogy; filling the gravity center distance value into a Y value according to the gravity center parameter and the position column item of the load sample piece: 1500, force column item, Y direction input 59000, confirm the direction of the good force;
as shown in fig. 12, right clicking "grid", selecting "generate grid" command, from the dialog box, grid density column item, moving arrow to the right-most "good" end with mouse, clicking "check mark" in the upper left corner, and completing the item; the generated grid is shown in FIG. 13;
as shown in FIGS. 14-15, clicking the upper toolbar "run this example", looking up the displacement 1 in "result", and clicking the "detect" command in the "graphic tools" pull-down menu can measure that the deformation value of the deep red region is Δ1＝0.29mm。
Based on the bracket, the actual deformation is delta through field physical verification and measurement by a dial indicator2＝1.94mm。
As shown in fig. 16 to 18, the periphery and the inside of the H-shaped structure of the bracket are reinforced and improved respectively, and the theoretically calculated deformation value Δ can be obtained sequentially according to the above process and the same principle1' -0.15 mm; actual amount of deformation is Δ2’＝1.0mm。
Further, based on the actual measured deformation amount Δ2Theoretically calculated deformation quantity delta of structural member1And calculating the ratio I of the deformation1＝Δ2/Δ1The ratio of the two deformation amounts is I1＝Δ2/Δ1＝1.94/0.29＝6.68；Ι2＝Δ2’/Δ1' -1.0/0.15-6.66; get I1、Ι2Is determined by the average value of (a) of (b),
let I be 6.7.
Through repeated practical application case verification, the structural part deformation delta measured and calculated through experiments2And the amount of deformation of the structure calculated theoreticallyΔ1Finally, the ratio I ═ Delta of the deformation amount is obtained2/Δ16.7, i.e. 6.7 Δ is required1The deformation delta not greater than the design requirement can meet the design requirement.
Claims (3)
1. The method for confirming the ratio of the deformation of the structural part calculated based on software to the actual deformation is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, theoretically calculating the deformation amount delta1The value: modeling a structural member bracket through solidworks software, opening a simulation plug-in command, respectively setting various parameters for the bracket according to actual load conditions, and operating the command of the example through gridding to obtain the theoretical deformation delta of the bracket1；
S2, processing the bracket into a real object according to the digital model of the bracket;
s3, preparing a load sample, a bracket, a support frame and a dial indicator;
s4, sequentially placing the bracket on the support frame, placing the load sample on the bracket, and respectively measuring the difference value of the data read by the dial indicator as the maximum actual deformation P of the bracket when the load sample is hoisted and placed in front of and behind the bracket by the dial indicatorΔ2Measuring the deformation of the bracket three times respectively because the deformation of the bracket belongs to elastic deformation, and taking the average value of the three read values
Order to
S5: according to the actual measured deformation quantity delta2Theoretically calculated deformation quantity delta of structural member1Calculating the ratio I of the deformation1＝Δ2/Δ1；
S6: the bracket is once modified, and the ratio I is calculated according to the steps from S1 to S52Taking the average of the two ratios
Order to
Thus, the ratio I of the deformation of the structural part calculated based on software to the actual deformation is obtained; namely, the requirement that I is not more than the deformation delta of the design requirement can meet the design requirement;
the modification may include adjusting the bracket configuration, dimensions, material parameters or load parameters.
2. The method for confirming a ratio of a deformation of a structure to an actual deformation based on software calculation according to claim 1, wherein: the solidworks software is solidworks2014 software.
3. The method for confirming a ratio of a deformation of a structure to an actual deformation based on software calculation according to claim 2, wherein: the step S1 includes the following operations:
modeling the structure carrier through solidworks2014, opening the simulation plug-in command in solidworks2014 version, clicking "examples advisor", selecting "new examples" in the drop-down menu, selecting "static stress analysis" in the type, naming "static stress analysis 1";
right clicking the 'part', selecting an 'application material to all' commands, and selecting a 'common carbon steel' material in 'solid works materials';
right-clicking 'link', selecting 'part touch' command, touching type column, selecting 'joint' from dialog box; a parts column, to select "global touch"; the option column selects the 'compatible grid', and finally clicks the 'V' at the upper left corner to finish the item;
right-clicking the 'clamp', selecting a 'fixed geometry' command, selecting 'fixed geometry' from a dialog box, and selecting a contact surface of the fixed geometry in a digital model;
right-clicking the 'external load', selecting a 'gravitation' command, selecting a reference plane in a digital mode from a dialog box, and confirming the direction of the gravitation in the dialog box;
establishing a coordinate system 1 coincident with the gravity center position of the load sample piece according to the gravity center position of the load sample piece; right click "external load", select "remote load/mass" command, from dialog, type column, select "load (direct transfer)"; referring to the coordinate system column, selecting 'user definition' and selecting the established coordinate system 1 in the digital analogy; filling the gravity center distance value into a Y value according to the gravity center parameter and the position column item of the load sample piece: 1500, force column item, Y direction input 59000, confirm the direction of the good force;
right clicking 'grid', selecting 'generating grid' command, moving an arrow to the rightmost 'good' end by a mouse from a grid density column item in a dialog box, and clicking 'check square' at the upper left corner to finish the item; the generated grid;
clicking the upper toolbar to run the example, checking the displacement 1 in the result, and clicking the detection command in the pull-down menu of the graphic tool to measure the deformation value delta of the dark red area1。
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