CN110805832A - High-pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system - Google Patents
High-pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110805832A CN110805832A CN201911156782.7A CN201911156782A CN110805832A CN 110805832 A CN110805832 A CN 110805832A CN 201911156782 A CN201911156782 A CN 201911156782A CN 110805832 A CN110805832 A CN 110805832A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
- F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
- F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
- F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
- F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0639—Steels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0636—Metals
- F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/34—Hydrogen distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system, which comprises a high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline, a plurality of electric control stop valves connected in series on the high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline, reverse hydrogen flow sensors connected in parallel on pipelines at two ends of each electric control stop valve, and a pipeline rupture point signal collector arranged on the high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline; the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline; the control system computer is connected with the reverse hydrogen flow sensor and the pipeline breaking point signal collector, and the user information receiving and processing computing system is connected with the control system computer. Aiming at accidents which are possible to be conveyed by a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline and have great influence, accident information is collected and processed; when major safety accidents such as pipeline breakage are caused by unexpected accidents, the electric control stop valve can be closed in time, continuous leakage of hydrogen is prevented from being leaked in a large amount, the accident situation control is facilitated, and the safety of a pipeline system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of application of hydrogen energy. In particular to a high-pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system.
Background
At present, the wide application of fossil energy as a main consumption form promotes the rapid development of human society, but simultaneously causes the irreversible influence of the earth environment taking global warming caused by CO2 emission as a main expression form, so that the low-carbon transformation development of energy becomes the common requirement of China for coping with the transformation and upgrading of external new challenges and internal development industries.
The hydrogen energy has wide application prospect in the fields of energy, traffic, industry, building and the like, and particularly the traffic field represented by a fuel cell automobile is a breakthrough and a main market for initial application of the hydrogen energy. The low-carbon hydrogen production of fossil energy is one of the main hydrogen production directions in the hydrogen energy field in the future. Through decades of development, the safety problem of hydrogen energy application is basically solved, but in large-scale hydrogen application, the safety problem of hydrogen under some typical accident conditions is not emphasized sufficiently, and an intrinsic safety technology is blank, so that the hydrogen safety problem caused by low-probability safety accidents (such as natural disasters, human accidents and other factors) is particularly required to be solved, because the problems can cause serious casualties, life and property losses and serious adverse social effects.
The intrinsic safety of a high-pressure and large-scale gas storage tank hydrogen storage and pipeline hydrogen conveying system has the main problems that the mechanical property of a material is reduced due to hydrogen brittleness of a pipeline metal material for manufacturing high-pressure hydrogen conveying at ①, the mechanical property of the metal material is obviously changed disadvantageously along with the prolonging of the service time due to the hydrogen brittleness effect under the action of hydrogen, the safety containing capacity of the high-pressure hydrogen is influenced, brittle fracture and other accidents can be caused under the combined action of environmental adverse factors, ② in some typical accident modes, the accidents can cause the rupture of a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline, so that a large amount of hydrogen is continuously released, and the accidents such as hydrogen explosion can cause serious casualties and property loss, and the stability of the society is influenced.
In the process of delivering the high-pressure hydrogen gas, if the flow of hydrogen from the high-pressure hydrogen source end to the low-pressure user end is specified to be a forward flow, the flow of hydrogen from the user end to the opposite direction is named as a reverse flow. For the situation that a large amount of hydrogen leaks from the reverse airflow flowing from a user side, the problem can be well solved by the widely-used hydrogen one-way safety valve at present, once the reverse flow of the gas flow in the pipeline occurs, the valve core in the one-way safety valve can automatically close the valve under the thrust of the reverse fluid, and the cut-off of the reverse gas flow is realized. However, the one-way valve cannot automatically block the forward hydrogen flow, and cannot avoid continuous leakage of the forward hydrogen flow under accident conditions, thereby possibly causing great hydrogen explosion safety accidents.
In the present society, the information collection and storage using artificial intelligence as a mark, and the related technologies for automatically controlling and displaying various user terminals by using the information are developed and mature. Under the condition of analyzing accident scenes in detail, the invention obtains accident or accident early warning related information by developing a certain method, and can utilize the information as accident early warning or control basis to develop a novel high-pressure hydrogen high-pressure tank storage and pipeline safety conveying system technology meeting the requirement of high intrinsic safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen storage hydrogen production system which is reasonable in design, feasible in technology, low in manufacturing cost and good in intrinsic safety, meets the requirements of future large-scale hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and large-scale pipeline hydrogen transportation on safety improvement, and meets the requirements of possible accident emergency disposal, safety monitoring and supervision in the large-scale hydrogen transportation and storage processes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system, which comprises a high pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline, a plurality of electrically controlled stop valves connected in series on the high pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline, a reverse hydrogen flow sensor connected in parallel on the pipeline at both ends of each electrically controlled stop valve, and a pipeline rupture point signal collector arranged on the high pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline; the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline; the control system computer is connected with the reverse hydrogen flow sensor and the pipeline breaking point signal collector, and the user information receiving and processing computing system is connected with the control system computer.
The high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline comprises an inner lining aluminum pipe, a steel outer pipe and an outer sleeve pipe from inside to outside, wherein a hydrogen sensor is arranged on the outer sleeve pipe and is connected with a control system computer; the left end of the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline is provided with a flange, the right end of the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline is provided with a flange, and an exhaust hole is formed in the radial direction of the flange.
The reverse hydrogen flow sensor comprises a cylinder and a cylindrical piston matched with the cylinder, and a metal conductor induction coil is assembled outside the cylinder; and an air inlet and an air outlet of the air cylinder are respectively communicated with pipelines at two ends of the electric control stop valve.
The pipeline breaking point signal collector comprises a signal wire and a broken circuit signal receiving processor.
The high-pressure hydrogen storage tank comprises an inner container-outer container assembly, a sealing flange at the top end and an outer sleeve outside the inner container-outer container assembly; a steel wire winding layer is wound on the inner container-outer container assembly, and a hydrogen sensor is arranged on the outer sheath; a tank body radial stress strain sensing and measuring device is arranged on the tank body; the hydrogen sensor and the tank body radial stress strain sensing and measuring device are connected with a control system computer.
The inner container-outer container assembly comprises an aluminum inner container, an exhaust flange, a steel outer container upper section and an outer container lower section; the upper section of the outer container and the lower section of the outer container are welded into a whole, and a pull rod is arranged between the upper section of the outer container and the lower section of the outer container.
The tank radial stress-strain sensing and measuring device comprises a rigid mounting ring, a pre-tightening bolt and a sliding block, wherein the pre-tightening bolt and the sliding block are arranged on the mounting ring, and a stress-strain sensor is arranged on the sliding block.
Furthermore, the control system computer receives signals of all the sensors and the inductors and controls the electric control stop valve or sends out an early warning signal according to a preset instruction.
Further, in the reverse hydrogen flow sensor, the piston is made of a permanent magnetic material, and the cylinder is made of low-magnetism steel.
Further, the steel wire winding layer is a plurality of steel wire layers densely wound on the outer surface of the inner container-outer container assembly, and the number of winding layers depends on the size of the steel wire, the pressure born by the container wall and the tensile strength of the steel wire.
Furthermore, the pull rod is of a long rod bolt structure along the axial direction.
Preferably, the high pressure hydrogen delivery conduit and the high pressure hydrogen storage tank are fabricated using a steel-aluminum hot isostatic pressing composite process.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the aluminum material with good hydrogen embrittlement resistance is used as the material of the liner of the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline, so that the safety problem caused by the reduction of the mechanical property of the material due to the hydrogen embrittlement of the material in the high-pressure hydrogen environment for a long time of the high-pressure pipeline is solved;
2. the countercurrent gas sensor is arranged at the two ends of the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the electric control stop valve, so that the countercurrent gas flow in the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline can be automatically sensed, and the sensing signal is reliable. The information is used for judging that the pipeline leaks, and the concept is advanced and reliable;
3. the influence of an accident on the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline is judged by arranging a pipeline breakpoint induction and identification line and a matched sensor thereof on the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline and inducing the influence information of the accident on the pipeline breakpoint induction and identification line arranged on the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the concept is advanced and reliable;
4. the invention designs pipeline breakpoint detection capable of timely responding to possible accidents of high-pressure hydrogen and signal detection, automatic control, information storage and transmission and the like of a safety valve control system by using information collected by a countercurrent gas sensor, a pipeline breakpoint induction and identification line and a matched sensor thereof as a control basis of the electric control stop valve, and has complete functions and reliable technology.
In a word, aiming at accidents which are possible to be conveyed by a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline and have large influence, the accident information is collected and processed; when major safety accidents such as pipeline breakage are caused by unexpected accidents, the electric control stop valve can be closed in time, continuous leakage of hydrogen is prevented from being leaked in a large amount, the accident situation control is facilitated, and the safety of a pipeline system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components and connections of the high pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transport safety system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a high-pressure hydrogen delivery pipe.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the high pressure hydrogen delivery conduit fabrication.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reverse hydrogen flow sensor.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pipeline breakpoint signal collector connection.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the inner container-outer container assembly structure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a radial stress-strain sensing and measuring device for a can body.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The high-pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system comprises a high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline 1, a plurality of electric control stop valves 2 (F1, F2, F3 and F4 shown in the figure 1) connected in series on the high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline 1, wherein the distance between the electric control stop valves can be determined according to the general safety design requirements, for example, the distance between the valves can be determined to be 1km or 2km, reverse hydrogen flow sensors 3 connected in parallel on pipelines at two ends of each electric control stop valve 2, and a pipeline fracture point signal collector 4 arranged on the high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline 1; the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline 1; the control system computer 6 is connected with the reverse hydrogen flow sensor 3 and the pipeline breaking point signal collector 4, and the user information receiving and processing computing system 7 is connected with the control system computer 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline 1 comprises, from inside to outside, an inner lining aluminum pipe 13, a steel outer pipe 12 and an outer sleeve 15, wherein a hydrogen sensor 14 is arranged on the outer sleeve 15, and the hydrogen sensor 14 is connected with a control system computer 6; the left end of the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline 1 is provided with a flange 11, the right end is provided with a flange 16, and an exhaust hole is formed in the radial direction of the flange 16.
The reverse hydrogen flow sensor 3 comprises a cylinder 31, a cylindrical piston 32 which is assembled with the cylinder 31 with a small gap and can freely slide in the cylinder, and a metal conductor induction coil 33 assembled outside the cylinder 31, as shown in fig. 4; an air inlet 34 and an air outlet 35 of the air cylinder 31 are respectively communicated with pipelines at two ends of the electric control stop valve 2; the cylindrical piston 32 is made of a permanent magnetic material, the cylinder 31 is made of a low magnetic steel (e.g., 304 stainless steel), and the metallic conductor induction coil 33 is made of a metallic conductor material. When a pipe breakage accident occurs, the reverse gas flow from the hydrogen gas user end pushes the cylindrical piston 32 made of permanent magnetic material to move rapidly from right to left, thereby generating an induced current signal in the induction coil 33. The control system computer 6 controls the valve to close based on the signal.
The dimensions and materials of the main structural components of the reverse hydrogen flow sensor 3 are as follows:
air cylinder 31: the outer diameter phi is 20mm, the inner diameter phi is 10mm, and the height is 40 mm; made of a low magnetic steel, such as 304 stainless steel.
Cylinder piston 32: phi 9.9, height 20 mm; is made of permanent magnet material of iron, rubidium and boron.
Metal conductor induction coil 33: directly wound on the cylinder 31 for 20 turns and wound by copper wires.
The pipe break point signal collector 4 includes a signal line 42 and a disconnection signal receiving processor 41, as shown in fig. 5; when the signal line 42 arranged on the pipeline is disconnected, the closed circuit of the signal line is disconnected, the disconnection signal of the signal line is transmitted to the control system computer 6 by the receiving processor 41, and the control system computer 6 sends out a command for closing the servo motor on the electric control stop valve 2 according to a preset program. The signal line 42 loop is a metal wire loop or an optical fiber loop.
As shown in fig. 6, the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 includes an inner container/outer container assembly 52, a sealing flange 51 at the top end, and an outer jacket 53 outside the inner container/outer container assembly 52; a steel wire winding layer 56 is wound on the inner container-outer container assembly 52, and a hydrogen sensor 55 is mounted on the outer jacket 53; a tank radial stress strain sensing and measuring device 57 is arranged on the tank; the hydrogen sensor 55 and the tank radial stress strain sensing and measuring device 57 are connected with the control system computer 6.
As shown in fig. 7, the inner container/outer container assembly 52 includes an inner container 523 made of aluminum, an exhaust flange 521, an outer container upper section 522 made of steel, and an outer container lower section 524; the outer vessel upper section 522 and the outer vessel lower section 524 are welded together with the tie rod 54 therebetween.
The stress structure of the high-pressure air storage tank 5 is characterized in that: the force applied to the cylinder wall of the gas storage tank by the high-pressure gas is completely born by the steel wire winding layer 56 wound on the outer container, and the larger the designed working pressure is, the more the number of windings is. The force exerted by the high pressure gas on the ends of the reservoir is primarily borne by the tie rod 54.
As shown in fig. 9, the tank radial stress-strain sensing and measuring device 57 includes a rigid mounting ring 572, a pretension bolt 571 disposed on the mounting ring 572, and a slider 573, and a stress-strain sensor 574 or a displacement sensor and a stress test system are mounted on the slider 573.
As shown in fig. 1, the tube control system computer 6 executes the following instructions according to the collected relevant signal sources:
① the control system computer 6 receives the gas reverse flow signal from the reverse hydrogen flow sensor 3, and immediately issues the command of executing the servo motor 'off' of the electric control stop valve 2, and simultaneously closes F1, F2, F3 and F4 shown in figure 1, and cuts off the hydrogen flow flowing in the high pressure pipeline.
② the control system computer 6 receives the pipe break signal from the pipe break point signal collector 4, and immediately issues the command of executing the servo motor 'off' of the electric control stop valve 2, and closes F1, F2, F3 and F4 shown in figure 1, and cuts off the hydrogen flow flowing in the high pressure pipe.
③ the control system computer 6 receives the hydrogen concentration monitoring signal from the high pressure hydrogen delivery pipe 1, when the hydrogen concentration exceeds the set threshold, it will immediately upload the early warning signal to the user information receiving and processing computing system 7.
④ the control system computer 6 receives the pipeline breaking signal from the pipeline breaking point signal collector 4, the gas reverse flow signal from the reverse hydrogen flow sensor 3 and the hydrogen sensor over the set threshold value, and immediately transmits the execution instruction signal to the user information receiving and processing computing system 7.
In the present invention, the method for manufacturing the high-pressure hydrogen transport pipe 1 is a steel-aluminum hot isostatic pressing composite method. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hot-pressing complex manufacturing process equipment of a high-pressure hydrogen delivery pipeline, which includes an induction heating power coil 17 sleeved on the pipeline, a hot-pressing complex pressurization system 18 with the induction heating power coil 17, a pressurization flange 19 and an end sealing flange 110.
The main manufacturing equipment comprises an ① induction heating power supply with the power of 5kW, a water cooling induction coil with the number of 15 turns of 8 and the inner diameter of the induction coil of 40mm, a ② high-pressure nitrogen filling system, a nitrogen compressor with the power of 5kW, the output pressure of more than 5MPa and the working pressure of a loop of a filling pipeline system of more than 5 MPa.
The parameters of the pipeline material are that the inner diameter of the ① steel outer pipe 12 is 10mm, the working pressure is 8MPa, the wall thickness of the pipeline is more than 5mm, the outer diameter of the ② lining aluminum pipe 11 is 9.5mm, and the wall thickness of the pipeline is 1-2 mm.
The manufacturing method is summarized as follows:
① the inner surface of the steel outer tube 13 is polished by sand blasting and polishing to remove the oxide on the inner wall, and the steel tube is cleaned and dried, the strength of the steel tube is matched with the pressure of the high pressure hydrogen, the outer surface of the lining aluminum tube 12 is polished by polishing and the like to remove the oxide on the outer wall, and the steel tube is cleaned and dried.
② the steel outer tube 13 is assembled with the lining aluminum tube 12 with a fitting clearance of not more than 0.5 mm.
③ the pipe is gradually expanded at both end faces of the two aluminum lining pipes 12 by spinning or the like until the aluminum lining pipes 12 are fitted to the flange end faces of the steel outer pipe 13, as shown in FIG. 3.
④ installing pressure flange 19 and end flange 110 on two ends of the composite pipe;
⑤ filling nitrogen to 5MPa through the pressure flange 19;
⑥ the induction heating coil 17 is sleeved on the composite tube, the channel heats the steel tube to the specified hot pressing composite temperature, the induction heating coil 17 is moved from left to right at a certain speed until the right end, the hot isostatic pressing composite of the outer wall of the lining aluminum tube 12 and the inner wall of the steel outer tube 13 is carried out under the pressure of 5MPa and the specified hot pressing composite temperature, the gas between the lining tube and the steel outer tube is discharged through the vent hole arranged on the flange 16 at the right end in the process of the left to right composite, and the vent hole is welded and sealed after the hot pressing composite processing is finished.
⑦ an outer sleeve 15 is fitted around the high-pressure hydrogen transport pipe 1, and a hydrogen sensor 14 is attached to the outer sleeve 15.
⑧ pipeline pressure resistance test, under 1.5 times working pressure, the composite pipeline is subjected to pressure test and gas leakage rate measurement, under 1.5 times working pressure, the composite pipeline has no deformation, and under 1.5 times working pressure, the gas leakage rate meets the design requirement.
The manufacturing method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 5 is a steel-aluminum hot isostatic pressing composite method, and steel wires are additionally wound. The inner container-outer container assembly 52 is manufactured by a steel-aluminum hot isostatic pressing composite method, and then the steel wire winding layer 56 is wound on the inner container-outer container assembly 52 to enable the bearing strength to reach the design requirement.
The manufacturing process setup for the inner container-outer container assembly 52 is shown in fig. 8. Including induction heating power coils 525 and a thermocompression bonding system 526. The manufacturing process is summarized as follows:
① polishing the outer surface of the inner container 523 by sand blasting and polishing, polishing the inner surfaces of the upper 522 and lower 524 outer containers, removing the oxide on the inner wall, cleaning and drying;
after the connecting flange 521, the outer container upper section 522, the outer container lower section 524 and the inner container 523 are assembled into a whole as shown in fig. 7, the outlet end face of the inner container 524 is gradually expanded by a spinning method or the like until the outlet of the inner container 524 is attached to the flange end face of the sealing flange 51. The outer container upper section 522 and the outer container lower section 524 are welded together, and the flange 521 and the outer container upper section 522 are welded together.
② an induction heating coil 525 is arranged on the inner container-outer container assembly 52 as shown in figure 8, the hot-pressing composite pressurizing system 526 firstly fills 5MPa nitrogen into the inner container through the sealing flange 51, then heats the inner container-outer container assembly 52 through the induction heating coil 525 from bottom to top, under a certain temperature and a nitrogen pressure of 5MPa, the outer surface of the aluminum inner container is attached to the inner surface of the steel outer container, and the gas in the gap is discharged through the exhaust hole arranged on the sealing flange 51.
③ winding the steel wire winding layer 56 on the inner container-outer container assembly 52, winding the steel wire on the outer surface of the inner container-outer container assembly 52 by rotating the inner container assembly, welding the circumferential seams between two adjacent steel wires together by a synchronous circumferential seam welding machine, and winding and welding the second layer and the third layer by the same winding and welding method until the number of winding layers meets the design pressure requirement of the container.
④ leak detection of container, wherein the leak rate of the inner container assembly is detected by helium mass spectrum leak detection method, and the leak rate of the container is required to meet the design requirement.
⑤ the can radial stress strain sensing device 57 is as described in figure 6.
⑥ test of tank bearing strength, under 1.5 times of tank working pressure, the tank is tested by a specified method, the integral leakage rate of the tank and the radial stress deformation of the tank wall meet the relevant design requirements of the pressure vessel.
The typical accident scene and corresponding countermeasures adapted by the invention comprise:
typical accident scenario
When the high-pressure hydrogen gas delivery pipe and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank shown in fig. 1 are cracked or broken at any point between the valve F1 and the valve F4 due to natural factor accidents (such as earthquakes), human accidents (such as vehicle impacts), or hydrogen embrittlement and aging of pipe materials, a large amount of hydrogen is inevitably leaked. The hydrogen leakage includes the positive gas flow leakage from the left to the right from the high pressure hydrogen input end as shown in fig. 1, and also includes the negative gas flow leakage from the right to the left from the hydrogen input end.
Typical accident scenarios and countermeasures:
① pipe break or rupture at any point between valve F1 and valve F2
When a pipe break or rupture occurs at any point between valve F1 and valve F2, a forward hydrogen flow leak will occur at F1 and a reverse hydrogen flow leak will occur at F2. At this time, the reverse hydrogen flow sensors 3 installed in parallel at the two ends of the electrically controlled stop valves F2, F3, and F4 can sense reverse hydrogen flow signals in time, and the control system computer 6 connected to the electrically controlled stop valve 2 controls the servo motor of the electrically controlled stop valve 2 based on the signal source as a valve control basis, and executes the command of "closing" F1, F2, F3, and F4, thereby achieving the purpose of completely controlling hydrogen leakage.
When a pipe break or rupture occurs at any point between valve F1 and valve F2, a forward hydrogen flow leak will occur at F1 and a reverse hydrogen flow leak will occur at F2. At this time, the pipe breakpoint signal collector 3 installed on the pipe between the electrically controlled stop valves F1 and F2 collects the breakpoint signal, the control system computer 6 connected to the pipe breakpoint signal collector 3 controls the servo motor of the electrically controlled stop valve 2, and executes the command of "closing" F1, F2, F3, and F4, thereby achieving the purpose of completely controlling hydrogen leakage.
The control system computer 6 transmits the accident information to the user information receiving computing system 7 or the local government safety supervision department in time.
② pipe break or rupture at any point between valve F2 and valve F3
When a pipe break or rupture occurs at any point between valve F2 and valve F3, a forward hydrogen flow leak will occur at F2 and a reverse hydrogen flow leak will occur at F3. At this time, the reverse hydrogen flow sensors 3 installed at the two ends of the pipelines of the electric control stop valves F3 and F4 can sense reverse hydrogen flow signals in time, the control system computer 6 connected with the electric control stop valves F2, F3 and F4 controls the servo motor of the electric control stop valves by taking the signal source as a control basis, and executes the command of closing F2, F3 and F4, thereby achieving the purpose of completely controlling hydrogen leakage.
When a pipe break or rupture occurs at any point between valve F2 and valve F3, a forward hydrogen flow leak will occur at F2 and a reverse hydrogen flow leak will occur at both F3 and F4. At this time, the pipe breakpoint signal collector 4 installed on the pipe between the electric control stop valves F2 and F3 collects the breakpoint signal, the control system computer 6 connected with the pipe breakpoint signal collector 4 controls the servo motor of the electric control stop valve 2, and executes the command of closing F2 and F3, so as to achieve the purpose of completely controlling hydrogen leakage.
The control system computer 6 transmits the accident information to the user information receiving computing system 7 or the local government safety supervision department in time.
③ pipeline deformation or accident due to collision and countermeasures
When a natural (e.g., earthquake) accident or a man-made accident (e.g., a car accident) causes deformation or displacement of the pipeline, there is a possibility that the pipeline will be broken and an accident leakage of a large amount of hydrogen may also occur. The output signal of the sensor system of the pipeline breakpoint signal collector 4 arranged on the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline 1 among F1, F2, F3 and F4 can be changed by the deformation or displacement of the pipeline caused by the external force, and when the change amount of a certain sensor signal reaches a preset value, the control system computer 6 transmits accident information to the user information receiving and calculating system 7 or a local government safety supervision department in time. These sensors include displacement sensors, fiber optic sensors, vibration sensors, and the like.
Claims (6)
1. A high-pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system is characterized by comprising a high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline (1), a plurality of electric control stop valves (2) connected in series on the high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline (1), reverse hydrogen flow inductors (3) connected in parallel on pipelines at two ends of each electric control stop valve (2), and a pipeline fracture point signal collector (4) arranged on the high-pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline (1); the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (5) is connected with the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline (1); the control system computer (6) is connected with the reverse hydrogen flow sensor (3) and the pipeline breaking point signal collector (4), and a user information receiving and processing computing system (7) connected with the control system computer (6);
the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline (1) comprises an inner lining aluminum pipe (13), a steel outer pipe (12) and an outer sleeve (15) from inside to outside, a hydrogen sensor (14) is arranged on the outer sleeve (15), and the hydrogen sensor (14) is connected with a control system computer (6); the left end of the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline (1) is provided with a flange (11), the right end of the high-pressure hydrogen conveying pipeline is provided with a flange (16), and an exhaust hole is formed in the radial direction of the flange (16);
the reverse hydrogen flow sensor (3) comprises a cylinder (31) and a cylindrical piston (32) matched with the cylinder (31), and a metal conductor induction coil (33) is assembled outside the cylinder (31); an air inlet (34) and an air outlet (35) of the air cylinder (31) are respectively communicated with pipelines at two ends of the electric control stop valve (2);
the pipeline breaking point signal collector (4) comprises a signal wire (42) and a broken circuit signal receiving processor (41);
the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank (5) comprises an inner container-outer container assembly (52), a sealing flange (51) at the top end and an outer jacket (53) outside the inner container-outer container assembly (52); a steel wire winding layer (56) is wound on the inner container-outer container assembly (52), and a hydrogen sensor (55) is arranged on the outer sheath (53); a tank body radial stress strain sensing and measuring device (57) is arranged on the tank body; the hydrogen sensor (55) and the tank body radial stress strain sensing and measuring device (57) are connected with a control system computer (6);
the inner container-outer container assembly (52) comprises an inner container (523) made of aluminum, an exhaust flange (521), an outer container upper section (522) made of steel and an outer container lower section (524); the outer container upper section (522) and the outer container lower section (524) are welded into a whole, and a pull rod (54) is arranged between the upper section and the lower section;
the tank radial stress strain sensing and measuring device (57) comprises a rigid mounting ring (572), a pre-tightening bolt (571) and a sliding block (573) which are arranged on the mounting ring (572), and a stress strain sensor (574) is mounted on the sliding block (573).
2. A high pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline safety system according to claim 1, wherein the control system computer (6) receives all sensor and sensor signals and controls the electrically controlled shut-off valve (2) or sends out a warning signal according to preset instructions.
3. A high pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system according to claim 1, wherein in the reverse hydrogen flow sensor (3), the piston (32) is made of permanent magnetic material and the cylinder (31) is made of low magnetic steel.
4. A high pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline delivery safety system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wire wound layer (56) is a plurality of steel wire layers densely wound around the outer surface of the inner container-outer container assembly (52), the number of layers being dependent on the size of the steel wire, the pressure experienced by the container wall and the tensile strength of the steel wire.
5. The high pressure hydrogen storage and piping safety system of claim 1, wherein the tie rod (54) is a long rod bolt structure in an axial direction.
6. A high pressure hydrogen storage and pipeline transportation safety system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high pressure hydrogen transportation pipeline (1) and high pressure hydrogen storage tank (5) are manufactured using a steel-aluminium hot isostatic pressing composite process.
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