CN110805421A - Shale gas pressure crack modification method for guiding temporary plugging agent addition through seismic energy monitoring - Google Patents
Shale gas pressure crack modification method for guiding temporary plugging agent addition through seismic energy monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN110805421A CN110805421A CN201911175169.XA CN201911175169A CN110805421A CN 110805421 A CN110805421 A CN 110805421A CN 201911175169 A CN201911175169 A CN 201911175169A CN 110805421 A CN110805421 A CN 110805421A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention relates to a shale gas fracturing modification method for guiding temporary plugging agent addition through seismic energy monitoring, which comprises the following steps: judging the position of a casing deformation section, namely a section to be transformed, through a pumping bridge plug meeting a blocking point, determining the well depth, the well temperature and the stratum closing pressure of the casing deformation section through well logging, well logging and construction data, and judging the maximum inner diameter of the maximum deformation point of the casing deformation section through a well temperature test; the temporary plugging agent is preferably: the pressure bearing property, the particle size and the injection concentration of the temporary plugging agent particles are included; judging the crack initiation degree of the crack according to the change amplitude of the seismic energy; and stopping the pump, putting the large-particle temporary plugging agent through the wellhead, adding fracturing fluid to carry the large-particle temporary plugging agent into the modified interval, and adding the medium-small particle temporary plugging agent into the sand mixing truck. The invention monitors the real-time formation form of the fracture by earthquake energy, guides the addition of the temporary plugging agent, forms effective plugging in the stratum and fully transforms the deformation section of the shale gas casing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a shale gas fracture reconstruction method which relies on seismic energy monitoring to guide the addition of a temporary plugging agent in the field of shale gas fracture reconstruction.
Background
In recent years, shale gas resources are effectively developed by a horizontal well staged fracturing technology, a bridge plug perforation continuous cropping technology is a standard technology for fracturing shale gas horizontal wells, and the technology is adopted by at least 90% of shale gas horizontal wells in the United states and more than 95% of shale gas horizontal wells in China. However, researches such as microseismic wave monitoring, liquid production profile testing, tracer testing and the like show that about 1/3 perforation clusters are not fractured or transformed insufficiently, the unmodified perforation clusters do not contribute to the yield, and meanwhile, the influence of natural crack development of a reservoir stratum causes casing deformation of a well section of a horizontal well part, and a casing deformation section cannot be lowered into a bridge plug for staged fracturing transformation. Therefore, the casing deformation section needs to be modified by means of combined pressure production.
The shale gas reservoir in China has the characteristics of large horizontal stress difference, single fracture form after fracturing and difficulty in forming complex fractures. The shale gas yield is controlled by the complexity of artificial fractures and effective reconstruction volumes, namely the yield is controlled by 'fractures'. How to solve the problems of low transformation efficiency and poor uniformity of the perforation clusters and improve the complexity of cracks so as to carry out closed-pressure exploitation on casing deformation sections is one of the problems faced by the traditional shale gas fracturing transformation.
Aiming at the difficult problems in shale gas reservoir exploitation, the temporary plugging agent is added for temporary plugging diversion fracturing reformation, perforating clusters which are not fully reformed are opened, so that more liquid and sand are fed into the perforating clusters which are not reformed, the contact maximization of a shaft and the oil-gas reservoir is realized, stratum resources are fully mobilized to complete reservoir reformation, and the recovery ratio is improved.
The problems that complex cracks are difficult to make due to large horizontal stress difference and a casing well cannot be fully transformed are solved by optimizing the temporary plugging agent (Qinhua, Zangzhu, Li shinghu, shale gas fracturing temporary plugging agent optimization design, Guangzhou chemical industry, 3 months in 2019 and 6 th period in volume 47) through the proposed temporary plugging agent, namely adding the temporary plugging agent after each long slug is adopted, but the adding time of the temporary plugging agent is not optimized, and the effect and the purpose of full transformation cannot be achieved.
Patent CN106437662A discloses a mixed temporary plugging volume fracturing method suitable for deep shale gas horizontal well, including carrying out drifting, well-flushing operation to the horizontal well that is suspected to be changed, and confirm whether the horizontal well is changed, if judge that this horizontal well has changed, then further confirm set change position and set change length, adopt mixed temporary plugging volume fracturing to turn to technology and implement to turn to fracturing construction operation in perforation porthole, section or the fracture effective flow path, in order to increase whole transformation volume.
Patent CN106150429A discloses a temporary plugging agent for multistage fracturing of shale gas and an application method thereof. The temporary plugging agent is used for controlled temporary plugging, a new stratum which is not reformed is opened after the bottom hole pressure is increased, and a new crack is opened, so that dynamic grading is realized without using a bridge plug. The method is also suitable for fracturing transformation of the shale gas well casing deformation section.
The length of the deformation section of the shale gas horizontal well casing is usually 3 sections or more, the transformation of the deformation section of the shale gas casing usually relates to a temporary plugging steering process technology for adding a temporary plugging agent, and because of the limitation of the lithology, physical property, rock mechanical conditions and the like of a shale gas reservoir, the adding time and adding mode of the temporary plugging agent in the construction process can not be effectively judged, whether the temporary plugging agent reaches a preset position after entering a stratum or not and forms plugging can not be judged, and the effect of fully transforming the deformation section of the casing can be achieved. In addition, shale gas casing variable-section transformation is insufficient due to inappropriate discharge and adding time in the adding process of the temporary plugging agent, so that part of well sections are subjected to multiple steering fracturing, some well sections are not subjected to fracturing transformation, and the problems of low transformation efficiency, poor uniformity and low fracture complexity of perforation clusters can be solved by adding the temporary plugging agent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shale gas pressure crack modification method for guiding the addition of a temporary plugging agent through seismic energy monitoring, which has the advantages of reliable principle and simplicity and convenience in operation, can be used for monitoring the real-time formation form of a fracture through seismic energy, guiding the addition of the temporary plugging agent according to different construction effects, forming effective plugging in a stratum, fully modifying a shale gas casing deformation section, effectively solving the problems of inaccurate addition time, incomplete addition mode and the like of the temporary plugging agent when the shale gas casing deformation section is modified through a temporary plugging steering mode at present, and overcoming the defects and shortcomings of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A shale gas pressure crack modification method for guiding temporary plugging agent addition through seismic energy monitoring sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: judging the position of a casing deformation section, namely a section to be transformed, through a pumping bridge plug meeting blocking point, and determining the well depth, the well temperature and the stratum closing pressure of the casing deformation section through well logging, well logging and construction data; judging the maximum inner diameter of the maximum deformation point of the casing deformation section through a well temperature test (loosening, analysis and evaluation of an oil-water well casing damage detection technology, a petroleum instrument, No. 2 2010); and (4) preliminarily screening out the temporary plugging agent meeting the conditions according to the well temperature of the section to be transformed and the stratum closing pressure.
The second step is that: the temporary plugging agent screened primarily is further optimized, and comprises the pressure bearing property, the particle size and the injection concentration of temporary plugging agent particles, and the process is as follows:
the pressure bearing performance of the temporary plugging agent is preferably as follows: the temporary plugging agent can effectively plug when the injection pressure difference is within the range of 20-100kPa, and the temporary plugging agent filter cake with the 1cm superimposed compression thickness can bear 40MPa pressure on average at the temperature of 80-110 ℃.
The particle size of the temporary plugging agent is preferably as follows: when the particle size of the temporary plugging agent is 1/7-1/3 of the diameter of the pore throat of the stratum, a filter cake in the pore throat can be formed, and bridging of the temporary plugging agent is realized. Therefore, according to the maximum inner diameter of the maximum deformation point of the sleeve deformation section obtained in the first step, the temporary plugging agent with the particle size meeting the maximum inner diameter of 1/7-1/3 is screened out, wherein the temporary plugging agent with the particle size of 10-22mm is large-particle temporary plugging agent, and the temporary plugging agent with the particle size of 3-10mm is medium-small-particle temporary plugging agent.
The particle size of the temporary plugging agent is preferably selected, the interval of the close well natural fracture which is densely developed is plugged by the temporary plugging agent with large particles of 10-22mm, and the far well natural fracture is plugged by the temporary plugging agent with small particles of 3-10 mm. For the deformed section of the casing, the temporary plugging agents with two sizes, namely a large particle temporary plugging agent and a medium and small particle temporary plugging agent, are mixed and applied according to the mass ratio of 1:6-4:5, the deformed section is plugged by the temporary plugging agent with a large particle size, and then the temporary plugging agent with a medium and small particle size is added to fill gaps formed when the temporary plugging agent with a large particle size is plugged, so that the effect of complete plugging is achieved.
The injection concentration of the temporary plugging agent is preferably: after 5-10 mass% of temporary plugging agent is added into the fracturing fluid, a high-permeability layer can be effectively plugged (the plugging rate can reach more than 95%), the subsequent working fluid is forced to turn to a low-permeability layer, the wave and the area of the working fluid are increased, and the transformation of a sleeve deformation section is facilitated.
The third step: monitoring the seismic energy, and judging the crack initiation degree of the crack through the change amplitude of the seismic energy: setting the seismic energy descending amplitude as x, and when x is more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 25%, indicating that no crack is formed or the formed crack is a weak open crack; when the x is more than 25% and less than 65%, the formed crack is between a weak open crack and an obvious crack, and the crack is more obvious when the numerical value is larger; when x is 65% to 100%, the cracks formed at this time are marked as initiated cracks.
The seismic energy monitoring process comprises the following steps: establishing 75-180 three-component detectors to form grid arrangement, scanning fracture energy released by rock fracture of an underground reservoir by a Semblance method based on seismic energy emission tomography of beam superposition, explaining time and space distribution of the fracture energy by combining a fracturing construction curve, and determining a seismic source position inducing a microseism event and energy of the position.
The fourth step: when x is more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 25%, the crack is not formed or is formed to be a weak open crack, and the method needs to be modified in the following way: stopping the pump, and stopping adding the fracturing fluid and the proppantThe large particle temporary plugging agent (the adding number t of the large particle temporary plugging agent is 1.5-2 times of the maximum deformation inner diameter y (mm) of the casing according to the field experience method) which is preferably selected in the second step is added through a well mouth, and then a pump is started to pump the large particle temporary plugging agent at the speed of 1.0-2.0m3Adding fracturing fluid at a discharge rate of/min to carry a large-particle temporary plugging agent into a modified interval, wherein the addition of the fracturing fluid is one wellbore volume, adding a medium-small particle temporary plugging agent into a sand mixing truck, and injecting the medium-small particle temporary plugging agent at a discharge rate of 3.5-7.0m3Min, increasing the discharge volume to 12-14m after adding a shaft volume3/min。
The fifth step: and repeating the third step, if the seismic energy reduction amplitude is still more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to x and less than or equal to 25%, indicating that the fourth step is failed in transformation, repeating the fourth step until the seismic energy reduction amplitude exceeds 65%, indicating that obvious cracks are generated, having a good transformation effect, and recovering normal construction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method has the advantages that the method has low monitoring cost, unlimited monitoring distance, strong applicability, low calculated amount and small ground noise interference compared with other monitoring modes by establishing the seismic energy imaging in which the three-component detectors are arranged and stacked to form the grid-like sparse detector arrangement on the ground;
(2) the temporary plugging agent added is optimized through an indoor experiment, so that the type of the temporary plugging agent more suitable for a target well can be obtained, and the optimal use effect is achieved;
(3) the stratum energy change is monitored in a seismic energy monitoring mode, the crack change in the fracturing construction process is monitored in real time, the adding time of the temporary plugging agent is guided, the temporary plugging agent enters an effective layer section, the temporary plugging steering fracturing is formed, and the method has a good development effect on the transformation of the shale gas well casing deformation section.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a W16 well seismic energy monitoring diagram.
Fig. 2 is a W16 well fracture curve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples in order to facilitate the understanding of the invention by a person skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
The W16 well is located in a WY block, the horizontal burial depth is 2267m-2576m, the formation pressure coefficient is about 1.52-1.58, the thickness is more than 6.5m, the porosity is 6.4%, the brittleness index is 70.2%, the horizontal stress difference is 11MPa, the natural fracture development section is 447.8m, the percentage is 25.4%, the casing deformation phenomenon is caused by the influence of the adjacent well fracturing, and the casing deformation section is 13-22 sections. The temporary plugging diversion fracturing scheme design guided by seismic energy monitoring is carried out by adopting the fracturing modification mode provided by the invention. And designing and modifying the 17 th section.
And (3) obtaining the maximum deformation inner diameter of the 17 th section of the sleeve deformation section as 80mm through temperature test, and obtaining 120 temporary plugging agents with large particle size which need to be added through calculation in the fourth step. Through the analysis of the early-stage data of the target well, the temporary plugging agent is preferably polyester with the particle size of 13-22mm, and is degraded by 97% in 15h and 100% in 24h at the experimental temperature of 120 ℃. 900kg of temporary plugging agent is added, wherein 120 grains of large-particle-size temporary plugging agent and 300kg of medium-and-small-particle-size temporary plugging agent are added in the middle stage of construction, 120 grains of large-particle-size temporary plugging agent are added at a wellhead by stopping a pump in a construction workshop, and then 300kg of medium-and-small-particle-size temporary plugging agent is added by starting the pump. The experiment simulation obtains that the adding concentration of the temporary plugging agent is 10kg/m3Whether the increase is needed or not is considered according to the seismic energy monitoring condition.
The earthquake energy monitoring shows that the energy changes along the main crack direction, the change amplitude reaches 85 percent, but only single wing cracks, the change amplitude of the crack energy at the other end is only 15 percent, at the moment, the pump is stopped to add the large-particle-size temporary plugging agent, and the pump is started to initially add the discharge capacity of 1.5m3And/min, then adding the temporary plugging agent with medium and small particle size, controlling the concentration of the temporary plugging agent to be 10 percent, and controlling the adding amount to be 300kg, wherein the adding amount is consistent with the design value of adding the temporary plugging agent after stopping the pump.
The earthquake energy monitoring in figure 1 shows that when the construction is carried out for 95min, the earthquake energy is reduced, the reduction amplitude is lower than 25%, the open crack is judged to be slightly open, at the moment, a mode of stopping a pump and adding the temporary plugging agent (see a fracturing curve in figure 2) is adopted, the temporary plugging agent is added after the temporary plugging agent is added and reaches the stratum at 120min, at the moment, the earthquake energy change is observed again, the earthquake energy is found to rise, the temporary plugging agent is proved to be successfully added and constructed, and the expected effect is achieved.
Similarly, when the construction time reaches 185min, the earthquake energy is found to be reduced again and is reduced to below 25%, at the moment, the pump is stopped again, the temporary plugging agent is added after 200min and reaches the stratum, at the moment, the earthquake energy change is observed again, the earthquake energy is found to rise, at the moment, the crack is influenced by the addition of the propping agent, the crack has a closing trend, the earthquake energy is reduced, at the last stage of sand adding, the earthquake energy rises again, and at the moment, the pump is stopped to finish the construction.
The interval provides a daily production of 1.5X 10 as shown by the tracer4m3112.5X 10 cumulative yield 2 months after compression4m3. And a better transformation effect is obtained.
Claims (4)
1. A shale gas pressure crack modification method for guiding temporary plugging agent addition through seismic energy monitoring sequentially comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: judging the position of a casing deformation section, namely a section to be transformed, through a pumping bridge plug meeting blocking point, and determining the well depth, the well temperature and the stratum closing pressure of the casing deformation section through well logging, well logging and construction data; judging the maximum inner diameter of the maximum deformation point of the casing deformation section through a well temperature test; preliminarily screening out a temporary plugging agent meeting the conditions according to the well temperature of the section to be transformed and the stratum closing pressure;
the second step is that: the temporary plugging agent screened primarily is further optimized, and comprises the pressure bearing property, the particle size and the injection concentration of temporary plugging agent particles, and the process is as follows:
the pressure bearing performance of the temporary plugging agent is preferably as follows: the temporary plugging agent can effectively plug when the injection pressure difference is within the range of 20-100kPa, and the temporary plugging agent filter cake with the 1cm superimposed compression thickness can bear 40MPa pressure on average at the temperature of 80-110 ℃;
the particle size of the temporary plugging agent is preferably as follows: screening out a temporary plugging agent with the particle size meeting the maximum inner diameter of 1/7-1/3 according to the maximum inner diameter of the maximum deformation point of the sleeve deformation section obtained in the first step, wherein the particle size of 10-22mm is large-particle temporary plugging agent, and the particle size of 3-10mm is medium-small-particle temporary plugging agent;
the injection concentration of the temporary plugging agent is preferably: adding 5-10 mass% of temporary plugging agent into the fracturing fluid;
the third step: monitoring the seismic energy, and judging the crack initiation degree of the crack through the change amplitude of the seismic energy:
setting the seismic energy descending amplitude as x, and when x is more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 25%, indicating that no crack is formed or the formed crack is a weak open crack; when the x is more than 25% and less than 65%, the formed crack is between a weak open crack and an obvious crack, and the crack is more obvious when the numerical value is larger; when x is more than or equal to 65% and less than or equal to 100%, the formed crack is an obvious initiated crack;
the fourth step: when x is more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to 25%, indicating that no crack is formed or the formed crack is a weak open crack, and modifying the crack in the following way: stopping the pump, putting the large-particle temporary plugging agent through the wellhead, and then starting the pump to pump at the speed of 1.0-2.0m3Adding fracturing fluid at a discharge rate of/min to carry a large-particle temporary plugging agent into a modified interval, wherein the addition of the fracturing fluid is one wellbore volume, adding a medium-small particle temporary plugging agent into a sand mixing truck, and injecting the medium-small particle temporary plugging agent at a discharge rate of 3.5-7.0m3Min, increasing the discharge volume to 12-14m after adding a shaft volume3/min；
The fifth step: and repeating the third step, if the seismic energy reduction amplitude is still more than or equal to 0% and less than or equal to x and less than or equal to 25%, indicating that the fourth step of transformation fails, repeating the fourth step until the seismic energy reduction amplitude exceeds 65%, indicating that obvious cracks are generated, having a good transformation effect, and recovering normal construction.
2. The shale gas pressure cracking modification method for guiding temporary plugging agent addition through seismic energy monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temporary plugging agent is preferred in particle size, for a casing deformation section, a large-particle temporary plugging agent and a small-particle temporary plugging agent are mixed and applied according to a mass ratio of 1:6-4:5, the deformation section is plugged by the large-particle temporary plugging agent, and then a gap formed when the large-particle temporary plugging agent is plugged is filled by adding the small-particle temporary plugging agent.
3. The method for modifying shale gas fractures with temporary plugging agent addition guided by seismic energy monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein said seismic energy monitoring is carried out by the following process: establishing 75-180 three-component detectors to form grid arrangement, scanning fracture energy released by rock fracture of an underground reservoir by a Semblance method based on seismic energy emission tomography of beam superposition, explaining time and space distribution of the fracture energy by combining a fracturing construction curve, and determining a seismic source position inducing a microseism event and energy of the position.
4. The method for improving shale gas fracturing of claim 1, wherein when x is between 0% and 25%, the formed fracture is not formed or is slightly open, and the improvement is carried out by the following method: and stopping the pump, and putting the large-particle temporary plugging agent through the wellhead, wherein the adding number of the large-particle temporary plugging agent is 1.5-2 times of the maximum deformation inner diameter of the casing.
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| CN114562245A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 博丰石油科技发展(辽宁)有限公司 | Fine seam control temporary plugging steering fracturing method |
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| CN114075974A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Temporary block steering fracturing method and device, control equipment and storage medium |
| CN114075974B (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2023-07-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Temporary plugging steering fracturing method, device, control equipment and storage medium |
| CN111980697A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2020-11-24 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating well casing variable of hydraulic fracturing horizontal well in natural fractured shale stratum |
| CN111980697B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-02-19 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating well casing variable of hydraulic fracturing horizontal well in natural fractured shale stratum |
| CN113550728A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Temporary plugging evaluation method and device |
| CN114562245A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 博丰石油科技发展(辽宁)有限公司 | Fine seam control temporary plugging steering fracturing method |
| CN114562245B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-10-13 | 博丰石油科技发展(辽宁)有限公司 | Fine seam control temporary plugging steering fracturing method |
| CN115199238A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-10-18 | 四川省贝特石油技术有限公司 | Method and system for controlling feeding of superfine temporary plugging agent for gas reservoir exploitation |
| CN115199238B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-25 | 四川省贝特石油技术有限公司 | Method and system for controlling feeding of superfine temporary plugging agent for gas reservoir exploitation |
| CN117148430A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-12-01 | 大庆亿莱检验检测技术服务有限公司 | Shale oil fracturing microseism monitoring method |
| CN117148430B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-04-05 | 大庆亿莱检验检测技术服务有限公司 | Shale oil fracturing microseism monitoring method |
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