CN110803763B - Membrane biological reaction device and method - Google Patents
Membrane biological reaction device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110803763B CN110803763B CN201911192116.9A CN201911192116A CN110803763B CN 110803763 B CN110803763 B CN 110803763B CN 201911192116 A CN201911192116 A CN 201911192116A CN 110803763 B CN110803763 B CN 110803763B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane bioreactors. The invention discloses a membrane bioreactor, aiming at solving the problem that the removal rate of nitrogen in sewage is influenced due to insufficient carbon source of inlet water and insufficient denitrification in the biological denitrification process. The device comprises an anaerobic tank, a membrane tank, a reflux device, a first ultrasonic generator and a second ultrasonic generator; the outlet of the anaerobic tank is communicated with the inlet of the membrane tank through a pipeline, and the reflux device is positioned between the membrane tank and the anaerobic tank and used for guiding the solution back to the anaerobic tank from the membrane tank; the first ultrasonic generator is communicated with the anaerobic tank and emits first-frequency ultrasonic waves for improving the activity and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in the anaerobic tank; and the second ultrasonic generator is communicated with the membrane pool and emits second-frequency ultrasonic waves for breaking the walls of the microorganisms. When the membrane biological reaction device is adopted, the protoplast can be used as a nitrogen source to be supplemented into the anaerobic tank through the wall breaking treatment of the microorganism, so that the denitrification treatment is ensured, and the nitrogen removal rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane bioreactors, and particularly relates to a membrane bioreactor and a membrane bioreactor method.
Background
The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology is a method for treating sewage by combining biological reaction and membrane separation technology and using a membrane as a separation medium to replace a secondary sedimentation tank. The membrane bioreactor has the characteristics of high efficiency of sludge-water separation, high concentration of activated sludge, enrichment of pollutant concentration, complete separation of sludge-water retention time and longer sludge retention time, so that the membrane bioreactor has the advantages of high and stable effluent quality, small floor area, small amount of residual sludge, high organic load and the like.
In the traditional sewage treatment denitrification process, the biological denitrification mode is dominant, and theoretically, the dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained within the range of 0.2-0.5mg/L, so that the environmental requirement of denitrifying bacteria for denitrification can be met. However, in the actual operation process, the problems of insufficient carbon source of the inlet water and insufficient denitrification still affect the removal rate of nitrogen in the sewage, and finally lead to poor sewage treatment effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the removal rate of nitrogen in sewage is influenced due to insufficient carbon source of inlet water and insufficient denitrification in the biological denitrification process, the invention provides a membrane biological reaction device. The device comprises an anaerobic tank, a membrane tank, a reflux device, a first ultrasonic generator and a second ultrasonic generator; the outlet of the anaerobic tank is communicated with the inlet of the membrane tank through a pipeline, the first ultrasonic generator is communicated with the anaerobic tank, the second ultrasonic generator is communicated with the membrane tank, the reflux device is positioned between the membrane tank and the anaerobic tank, and the solution is led back to the anaerobic tank from the membrane tank; the first ultrasonic generator emits first-frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic tank, and the first-frequency ultrasonic waves are used for improving the activity and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in the anaerobic tank; and the second ultrasonic generator emits second-frequency ultrasonic waves into the membrane pool for breaking the walls of the microorganisms.
Preferably, the device is also provided with an activated carbon feeding tank, is connected with the anaerobic tank and is used for feeding activated carbon into the anaerobic tank.
Preferably, a peristaltic pump is arranged between the activated carbon feeding tank and the anaerobic tank and used for quantitatively conveying activated carbon to the anaerobic tank.
Preferably, the device is also provided with an aeration component; the aeration component is communicated with the anaerobic tank and is used for conveying aeration to the anaerobic tank.
Further preferably, the aeration assembly consists of an aeration pump and a plurality of aeration heads; the aeration heads are positioned at the output end of the aeration pump and distributed at the bottom of the anaerobic tank.
Further preferably, a plurality of the aeration heads are arranged in an array in the anaerobic tank.
A method for sewage treatment by adopting a membrane biological reaction device comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, injecting raw water to be treated into an anaerobic tank, starting a first ultrasonic generator, and sending first frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic tank;
step S2, draining the raw water in the anaerobic tank into a membrane tank, and carrying out membrane filtration treatment;
step S3, performing backwashing operation on the membrane module in the membrane pool, starting a second ultrasonic generator, sending second-frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic pool, and simultaneously leading the solution in the membrane pool back into the anaerobic pool by using a reflux device;
the first frequency ultrasonic wave is mainly used for improving the activity and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in the anaerobic tank, and the second frequency ultrasonic wave is mainly used for breaking the walls of the microorganisms.
Preferably, in the step S1, before the first ultrasonic generator is turned on, activated carbon is added into the anaerobic tank.
Further preferably, in the step S1, aeration is introduced into the anaerobic tank while adding activated carbon into the anaerobic tank, so that the dissolved oxygen in the anaerobic tank is maintained at 0.2-0.5 mg/L.
Further preferably, in step S1, the activated carbon is added according to the discharge amount of the excess sludge in the anaerobic tank.
When the membrane biological reaction device for relieving membrane pollution is used for sewage treatment, the membrane biological reaction device has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. in the invention, a first ultrasonic generator connected with the anaerobic tank and a second ultrasonic generator connected with the membrane tank are arranged, and the first frequency ultrasonic wave and the second frequency ultrasonic wave are respectively sent out to the anaerobic tank and the membrane tank, and a reflux device is arranged between the membrane tank and the anaerobic tank. Therefore, the activity and the enzyme activity of the microorganisms can be improved through the first frequency ultrasonic waves, the growth period of part of the microorganisms is shortened, the number of the microorganisms in the anaerobic pool is increased, the effects of exciting nitrosobacteria, inhibiting nitrifying bacteria, increasing the contact of the microorganisms and a substrate and enhancing the sludge activity are achieved, and the denitrification treatment effect on pollutants is further improved. Through the second frequency ultrasonic wave, a considerable amount of microorganisms in the sludge can be subjected to cell wall breaking and cytoplasm releasing, and then the released cytoplasm can be led back to the anaerobic tank from the membrane tank as a supplementary carbon source by virtue of the reflux device, so that the carbon source in the anaerobic tank is increased, and the denitrification effect is improved.
2. In the invention, the activated carbon is put into the anaerobic tank, and the large-particle activated sludge can be formed in the anaerobic tank by utilizing the large specific surface area of the activated carbon, so that the large-particle activated sludge can be attached to the surface of the membrane in the membrane tank, the membrane pollution is effectively relieved, and the irreversible pollution is reduced. Meanwhile, the addition of the activated carbon is also beneficial to improving the contact between microorganisms and a substrate, improving the removal rate, and in addition, the viscosity of the mixed solution and the concentration of EPS and the like can be reduced, so that the problem of membrane pollution is further relieved.
3. In the invention, the activated carbon attached with the sludge in the membrane tank can be cleaned by vibrating by sending the second frequency ultrasonic waves into the membrane tank, so that the activated carbon is regenerated, and the regenerated activated carbon can be led back to the anaerobic tank for reuse through the reflux device, thereby improving the utilization rate of the activated carbon, reducing the demand for newly-thrown activated carbon and lowering the operation cost. Meanwhile, the second frequency ultrasonic wave can also vibrate and drop pollutants attached to the surface of the membrane, so that the membrane is cleaned, and the effect of relieving membrane pollution is improved.
4. In the invention, by conveying aeration into the anaerobic tank, oxygen can be introduced to accurately control dissolved oxygen in the anaerobic tank to be about 0.5mg/L, and a disturbance effect can be generated on the solution in the conveying aeration process to enable sludge to be in a suspended state, so that the full contact between the sludge and pollutants is improved, the dissolved oxygen can quickly and effectively permeate into sludge particles, and the full and effective denitrification treatment is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a membrane bioreactor in this embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a process for treating wastewater by using the membrane bioreactor of this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the membrane biological reaction device for alleviating membrane fouling in this embodiment includes an anaerobic tank 1, a membrane tank 2, a reflux unit 3, a first ultrasonic generator 4, and a second ultrasonic generator 5. Wherein, through the pipeline intercommunication between the export of anaerobism pond 1 and the import of membrane pond 2 to can carry out membrane filtration processing in raw water drainage to membrane pond 2 in the anaerobism pond 1, reflux unit 3 is located between membrane pond 2 and the anaerobism pond 1 simultaneously for draw back partial solution in the membrane pond 2 to in the anaerobism pond 1.
The first ultrasonic generator 4 is communicated with the anaerobic tank 1, and the second ultrasonic generator 5 is communicated with the membrane tank 2. Wherein, the first ultrasonic generator 4 sends out ultrasonic waves with a first frequency to the anaerobic tank 1 for improving the activity and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in the anaerobic tank 1. And the second ultrasonic generator 5 sends out second frequency ultrasonic waves into the membrane tank 2 for breaking the walls of the microorganisms in the membrane tank. Wherein, the frequency size, the power size and the opening duration of first frequency ultrasonic wave and second frequency ultrasonic wave can carry out the adjustment control according to the kind of microorganism and enzyme in the anaerobism pond, satisfy first frequency ultrasonic wave to the promotion effect of microorganism activity and enzymatic activity and second frequency ultrasonic wave reach broken wall effect to the microorganism can.
Therefore, the activity and the enzyme activity of the microorganisms can be improved by releasing the ultrasonic waves with the first frequency into the anaerobic tank, the growth period of part of the microorganisms is shortened, the number of the microorganisms in the anaerobic tank is improved, the purposes of exciting nitrosobacteria and inhibiting nitrobacteria are achieved, meanwhile, the contact between the microorganisms and a substrate can be increased, the sludge activity is enhanced, and the denitrification treatment effect on pollutants is further improved. Meanwhile, by releasing the second frequency ultrasonic waves into the membrane tank, a considerable amount of microorganisms in the sludge can be subjected to cell wall breaking and cytoplasm is released by utilizing the vibration generated by the second frequency ultrasonic waves, and then the released cytoplasm is led back to the anaerobic tank from the membrane tank as a supplementary carbon source by virtue of the backflow device, so that the carbon source in the anaerobic tank is increased, and the denitrification effect is improved.
In addition, the existence of ultrasonic waves can also improve the structure of substances in a water body, the viscosity of mixed liquid and the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and emulsibility of a product, so that substances which are difficult to degrade in the conventional process are converted into easily degradable substances, the biodegradation rate is improved, and the sludge yield is reduced. For example, the ultrasonic wave can change the spatial conformation of the soluble protein, so that the secondary structure of the soluble protein is looser and more stretched, the height of the protein after ultrasonic treatment is reduced, the distribution is relatively concentrated, the protein particles are obviously thinned and the particle size is reduced, and the protein is favorably utilized by microorganisms. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave is transmitted in the medium, so that the collision among substances can be improved, and the degradation of the substances is enhanced. In addition, the pollutants attached to the surface of the membrane can be vibrated and separated by utilizing the ultrasonic wave with the second frequency, so that the membrane is cleaned, and the effect of relieving membrane pollution is further improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, in the membrane bioreactor of this embodiment, an activated carbon feeding tank 6 is further provided and connected to the anaerobic tank 1 for feeding activated carbon into the anaerobic tank. At the moment, the activated carbon is added into the anaerobic tank, and the large specific surface area of the activated carbon can form large-particle activated sludge in the anaerobic tank, so that the large-particle activated sludge can be attached to the surface of the membrane in the membrane tank, the membrane pollution is effectively relieved, the irreversible pollution is reduced, meanwhile, the contact between microorganisms and a substrate can be improved due to the addition of the activated carbon, the nitrogen removal rate is improved, in addition, the viscosity of mixed liquor and the concentration of EPS (expandable polystyrene) and the like can be reduced, and the problem of membrane pollution is further relieved
Meanwhile, the activated carbon which enters the membrane tank and is attached with sludge can be vibrated and cleaned by virtue of the second frequency ultrasonic waves emitted from the membrane tank, so that the activated carbon is regenerated, and the regenerated activated carbon can be led back to the anaerobic tank through the reflux device for reuse. Therefore, the utilization rate of the activated carbon can be improved, and the demand for newly adding the activated carbon can be gradually reduced, so that the long-term operation cost is reduced.
Further, in the present embodiment, activated carbon in the activated carbon adding tank is quantitatively added into the anaerobic tank by means of a peristaltic pump. Like this, utilize the peristaltic pump can carry out accurate control to the volume of throwing of active carbon to improve the utilization ratio to the active carbon greatly, reduce the waste to the active carbon.
Referring to FIG. 1, in the membrane bioreactor of this embodiment, an aeration module 7 is further provided. Wherein, the aeration component 7 is communicated with the anaerobic tank 1 and is used for conveying aeration to the anaerobic tank. Like this, can introduce oxygen and accurately control the dissolved oxygen in the anaerobism pond about 0.5mg/L to can produce the disturbance effect to the solution simultaneously, make mud be in the suspended state, thereby improve the abundant contact of mud and pollutant, make dissolved oxygen can quick effectual infiltration to the mud granule inside, guarantee the effective of denitrification treatment and go on.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the aeration assembly is composed of an aeration pump and a plurality of aeration heads, and the plurality of aeration heads are positioned at the output end of the aeration pump and are embedded and fixed at the bottom of the anaerobic tank, so that the disturbance effect on the solution can be improved. Meanwhile, a plurality of aeration heads are arranged in an array mode, so that the distribution uniformity of dissolved oxygen in the anaerobic tank can be improved, and the efficient proceeding of denitrification treatment is ensured.
As shown in the combined figure 2, when the membrane biological reaction device is adopted for sewage treatment, the specific process comprises the following steps:
and step S1, injecting raw water to be treated into the anaerobic tank, starting the first ultrasonic generator, and sending first frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic tank. The first frequency ultrasonic wave is utilized to improve the activity and the enzyme activity of the microorganisms and shorten the growth period of part of the microorganisms, thereby improving the number of the microorganisms in the anaerobic tank, further achieving the purposes of exciting nitrosobacteria and inhibiting nitrobacteria, and increasing the contact of the microorganisms and a substrate and enhancing the sludge activity.
And step S2, draining the raw water in the anaerobic tank into a membrane tank, and performing membrane filtration treatment on the raw water by means of a membrane module. The high-efficiency separation performance of the membrane is utilized to intercept microorganisms and untreated pollutants in the mixed solution, so that the microorganisms and the untreated pollutants are enriched in the membrane pool, and the produced water is obtained.
And step S3, after membrane filtration treatment is carried out for a period of time, backwashing the membrane components in the membrane pool, starting the second ultrasonic generator, sending second-frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic pool, and simultaneously, utilizing a reflux device to lead the solution in the membrane pool back into the anaerobic pool. By means of the vibration generated by the second frequency ultrasonic wave, cell walls of a certain amount of microorganisms in the sludge can be broken and cytoplasm is released, and then the released cytoplasm is taken as a supplementary carbon source and is led back to the anaerobic tank from the membrane tank by the aid of the backflow device, so that the carbon source in the anaerobic tank is increased, the denitrification effect is improved, the sludge layer attached to the surface of the membrane can be vibrated and shed, the membrane is cleaned, the membrane passing pressure difference is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
In addition, after the raw water is drained to the anaerobic tank and before the first ultrasonic generator is started, activated carbon can be added into the anaerobic tank in advance. The large specific surface area of the activated carbon can be utilized to form large-particle activated sludge in the anaerobic tank, so that the large-particle activated sludge can be attached to the surface of the membrane in the membrane tank to form a sludge layer with high porosity, the pressure difference of the membrane can be effectively reduced, the membrane pollution can be relieved, and the irreversible pollution can be reduced.
When the active carbon is added, the peristaltic pump is preferably used for accurately adding the active carbon according to the discharge amount of the residual sludge in the anaerobic tank, so that the use efficiency of the active carbon is improved. In addition, also can carry out vibration separation to the active carbon that has adsorbed mud in the membrane tank with the help of second frequency ultrasonic wave to can draw back the active carbon to the anaerobism pond in through reflux unit, realize the recycle to the active carbon, further improve the use ratio to the active carbon, practice thrift the use cost of active carbon.
Preferably, during the active carbon feeding, introducing aeration into the anaerobic tank simultaneously, and keeping the dissolved oxygen in the anaerobic tank at 0.2-0.5 mg/L. Like this, can produce the disturbance effect to the solution in the anaerobism pond and make mud be in the suspended state, improve the abundant contact of mud and pollutant, make dissolved oxygen can quick effectual infiltration to the mud granule inside simultaneously, guarantee effective the going on of denitrification treatment.
Claims (9)
1. A membrane biological reaction device is characterized by comprising an anaerobic tank, a membrane tank, a reflux device, a back washing device, a first ultrasonic generator and a second ultrasonic generator; the outlet of the anaerobic tank is communicated with the inlet of the membrane tank through a pipeline, the first ultrasonic generator is communicated with the anaerobic tank, the second ultrasonic generator is communicated with the membrane tank, and the reflux device is positioned between the membrane tank and the anaerobic tank; the first ultrasonic generator emits first-frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic tank, and the first-frequency ultrasonic waves are used for improving the activity and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in the anaerobic tank; the back washing device is connected with the membrane pool, and when the membrane assembly in the membrane pool is subjected to back washing operation, the second ultrasonic generator sends second-frequency ultrasonic waves into the membrane pool for breaking the walls of microorganisms; the reflux device leads the solution after the wall breaking treatment of the microorganisms back to the anaerobic tank from the membrane tank;
the device is also provided with an active carbon throwing tank, is connected with the anaerobic tank and is used for throwing active carbon into the anaerobic tank; and the second frequency ultrasonic wave emitted by the second ultrasonic generator is used for carrying out vibration regeneration on the activated carbon attached with the sludge in the membrane tank, and the reflux device is used for leading the regenerated activated carbon back to the anaerobic tank.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein a peristaltic pump is arranged between the activated carbon feeding tank and the anaerobic tank and used for quantitatively conveying the activated carbon into the anaerobic tank.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an aeration assembly; the aeration component is communicated with the anaerobic tank and is used for conveying aeration to the anaerobic tank.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the aeration assembly is comprised of an aeration pump and a plurality of aeration heads; the aeration heads are positioned at the output end of the aeration pump and distributed at the bottom of the anaerobic tank.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein a plurality of the aeration heads are arranged in an array in the anaerobic tank.
6. A method for sewage treatment by using a membrane biological reaction device, which is characterized in that the membrane biological reaction device of any one of claims 1 to 5 is used for sewage treatment, and the specific steps comprise:
step S1, injecting raw water to be treated into an anaerobic tank, starting a first ultrasonic generator, and sending first frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic tank;
step S2, draining the raw water in the anaerobic tank into a membrane tank, and performing membrane filtration treatment;
step S3, performing backwashing operation on the membrane module in the membrane pool, starting a second ultrasonic generator, sending second-frequency ultrasonic waves into the anaerobic pool, and simultaneously leading the solution in the membrane pool back into the anaerobic pool by using a reflux device;
the first frequency ultrasonic wave is mainly used for improving the activity and the enzyme activity of microorganisms in the anaerobic tank, and the second frequency ultrasonic wave is mainly used for breaking the walls of the microorganisms.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising adding activated carbon to the anaerobic tank before turning on the first ultrasonic generator in step S1.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S1, aeration is introduced into the anaerobic tank while adding activated carbon into the anaerobic tank, so that the dissolved oxygen in the anaerobic tank is maintained at 0.2-0.5 mg/L.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step S1, the charging operation of activated carbon is performed according to the discharge amount of the surplus sludge in the anaerobic tank.
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