CN110800690B

CN110800690B - Method for breeding sheep suitable for high and cold environment through multiple-character selective hybridization

Info

Publication number: CN110800690B
Application number: CN201911193100.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋天增; 杨井泉; 吴玉江; 德庆卓嘎
Original assignee: Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
Current assignee: Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences
Priority date: 2019-11-28
Filing date: 2019-11-28
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-28
Also published as: CN110800690A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding sheep suitable for a high and cold environment through multiple-character selective hybridization, and belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding. The method comprises the following steps: taking the Holba sheep local group as an F1 generation hybrid female parent and the Dongfrui sheep as an F1 generation hybrid male parent to obtain a first hybrid generation F1; taking female sheep in F1 as an F2 generation hybrid female parent and a small tailed Han sheep as an F2 generation hybrid male parent to obtain a hybrid second generation F2; taking a female sheep in F2 as a female parent of F3 generation hybridization, and taking a Safex sheep as a male parent of F3 generation hybridization to obtain three generations of hybridization F3; taking a female sheep in F3 as a female parent of F4 generation hybridization, and taking a Taoist sheep as a male parent of F4 generation hybridization to obtain a fourth generation F4 hybridization; and (3) carrying out cross-crossing fixation by taking the hybrid four-generation F4 as a female parent and a male parent to obtain a target sheep core group. The invention has the beneficial effects that: solves the problem of cultivating the core group of the high-reproduction grain-saving type meat sheep which has tender meat quality, double lambs, high growth speed, no angle and stable genetic performance and is suitable for the alpine environment.

Description

Method for breeding sheep suitable for high and cold environment through multiple-character selective hybridization

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a method for breeding sheep suitable for high and cold environments through multiple-character selective hybridization.

Background

The area of the Tibet natural grassland exceeds that of inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and the Tibet natural grassland is the first place in China and is one of the main pasturing areas in China. But the frost-free period is short, the development period of the pasture is short, the grass yield of the natural grassland is low, and the requirements of modern breeding production cannot be met.

The double horns of sheep are required for self-protection against external aggressions. With the development of the sheep raising industry of grazing or semi-grazing, the utilization rate of the double horns of the existing sheep varieties or local groups in high altitude areas is extremely low, and forage grass is wasted due to the growth and development of the double horns.

The breeding of new meat sheep species at home and abroad basically realizes no keratinization, but the breeding of high-reproduction species in a half-barn feeding mode of grazing in the daytime and supplementing feeding at night is difficult, and the breeding rate of the core group capable of reproducing the ewes is 140-160% by two-element or three-element hybridization and few four-element hybridization.

At present, the breeding of the mutton sheep in the alpine environment is mainly improved, the breeding of the mutton sheep in the three-element and above-three-element multi-element hybrid breeding is not available, and the mutton sheep has no new variety of the highly-propagated grain-saving mutton sheep suitable for the alpine environment.

Therefore, the method for rapidly breeding the high-propagation grain-saving type meat sheep core group suitable for the alpine environment is very important to research.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a method for breeding sheep suitable for high and cold environment through multiple-character selective hybridization.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for breeding sheep suitable for high and cold environment by multiple-character selective hybridization comprises the following steps:

(1) taking the Holba sheep local group as an F1 generation hybrid female parent and the Dongfrui sheep as an F1 generation hybrid male parent to obtain a first hybrid generation F1;

the local group of the Holbara sheep is taken as an F1 generation hybrid female parent, so that the offspring sample is ensured to adapt to the high-altitude environment;

by taking Dongfrui sheep as the F1 generation hybrid male parent, the lactation yield, survival rate, daily gain and weaning weight of the F1 generation female sheep are improved.

(2) Taking female sheep in F1 as an F2 generation hybrid female parent and a small tailed Han sheep as an F2 generation hybrid male parent to obtain a hybrid second generation F2;

the small-tailed han sheep is selected as the F2 generation hybrid male parent to improve the double-lamb rate and the growth speed of the F2 generation female sheep.

(3) Taking a female sheep in F2 as a female parent of F3 generation hybridization, and taking a Safex sheep as a male parent of F3 generation hybridization to obtain three generations of hybridization F3;

(4) taking a female sheep in F3 as a female parent of F4 generation hybridization, and taking a Taoist sheep as a male parent of F4 generation hybridization to obtain a fourth generation F4 hybridization;

the method selects the Safuke sheep and the Taoist sheep as the F3 generation and the F4 generation hybrid male parents to improve the reproduction rate, the birth weight, the daily gain and the weaning weight of the F3-4 generation female sheep, so that the fattening growth speed is high, the fattening sheep have tender meat, and the death of altitude sickness caused by large oxygen consumption due to the fact that the fattening grows too fast to a large physique is avoided.

And (3) carrying out cross-crossing fixation by taking the hybrid four-generation F4 as a female parent and a male parent to obtain a target sheep core group.

The high altitude environment has certain limitation on the size and the weight of the mutton sheep, the hybridization sequence can control the target breeding sheep individuals to be relatively moderate, and the growth and development speed can not be too fast to cause altitude reaction.

Preferably, in the step (1), the female parent of the F1 generation also needs to satisfy 2-4 births with no angle or angle length not more than 10cm and body height more than 68cm, and the paternal angle genotype is identified as pp by molecular identification.

Preferably, the female parent of generation F2 in step (2) has a genotype of pp for the horn and the male parent has a genotype of pp for the horn and contains a FecB heterozygote (B +).

Preferably, the maternal and paternal horn genotypes in steps (3) - (5) are pp and contain a FecB heterozygote (B +).

Preferably, the female parent in the steps (2) to (4) and the male parent in the step (5) satisfy the following conditions: the weight for birth is more than 3.5kg, the weight for weaning is more than 15kg and the weight for 6 months is more than 26 kg.

Preferably, the hybridization ratio of the male parent to the female parent in the steps (1) to (5) is 1: 20-30.

Preferably, the environmental temperature of the housing in the steps (1) to (5) is not lower than 0 ℃ and the humidity is 30 to 50 percent.

Preferably, the feeding feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: the average of the primary green and dry oat grass is 0.2 kg/d, and the silage is 0.5 kg/d.

Preferably, the silage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of corn straw and 25-30 parts of alfalfa.

Preferably, steps (1) to (5) further include: supplementing concentrate according to the amount of 250-400 g per unit;

the concentrate comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of corn, 8-18 parts of soybean meal, 8-16 parts of wheat bran, 1.2-2.1 parts of bone meal, 1-1.2 parts of salt and 4 parts of premix;

the premix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 85-125 parts of calcium carbonate, 10-20 parts of sodium hydrogen phosphate, 5-15 parts of amino acid chelated iron, 0.6-5 parts of amino acid chelated copper, 0.8-3.2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 4-12 parts of amino acid chelated manganese, 30-55 parts of yeast selenium, 0.08-0.18 part of iodine, 0.07-0.4 part of amino acid chelated cobalt, 3-6 parts of garlicin and 2-3 parts of allium mongolicum regel extract.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method solves the problem of breeding the core group of the high-reproduction grain-saving type meat sheep suitable for the alpine environment by multi-character selective hybridization with the aims of tender meat quality, double lambs, high growth speed, no angle and stable genetic performance, and the bred offspring has high survival rate, multiple births, no angle, high growth speed and stable genetic performance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a selection route diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Some of the raw material sources in the examples are as follows:

bone meal was purchased from Asahi Biotech limited, Anda;

yeast selenium is purchased from Sendy Biotech, Inc. of Shenzhen;

allicin was purchased from sienna chang yue biotechnology limited;

allium mongolicum regel extract was purchased from ningxia vanilla biotechnology limited.

Example 1

(1) Selecting hornless or small-horn pure white and large-physique Holba female sheep as an F1 generation hybrid female parent 900, and hornless and pure white male Dongfrui raw sheep 30 as an F1 generation hybrid male parent to obtain a hybrid F1 generation 840 live sheep;

(2) selecting 500 female sheep with the genotype of pp, pure white, the birth weight of more than 3.5kg, the weaning weight of more than 15kg and the weight of more than 26kg at 6 months from F1 as a hybrid female parent of F2 generation, and 1000 parts of frozen semen of male small tailed Han sheep without horn and pure white as a hybrid male parent of F2 generation to obtain 470 live sheep of hybrid F2 generation;

(3) selecting 280 female sheep containing FecB heterozygote type (B +), a horn type genotype pp, pure white, a birth weight of more than 3.5kg, a weaning weight of more than 15kg and a 6-month-old body weight of more than 26kg from the F2 generation as F3 generation hybrid female parents, 560 parts of horn-free and pure white male Safuke sheep frozen semen as F3 generation hybrid male parents to obtain 550 hybrid F3 generation live sheep;

(4) selecting 330 female sheep containing FecB heterozygote type (B +), a horn type genotype pp, pure white, a birth weight of more than 3.5kg, a weaning weight of more than 15kg and a 6-month-old body weight of more than 26kg from the F3 generation as F4 generation hybrid female parents, and 660 parts of horn-free pure white male Taoist sheep frozen semen as F4 generation hybrid male parents to obtain 650 hybrid F4 generation live sheep;

(5) and selecting parents containing FecB heterozygote (B +), a horn genotype of pp, pure white, a birth weight of more than 3.5kg, a weaning weight of more than 15kg and the first 30 percent of 6-month-old-age-body weight of more than 26kg from the F4 generations for cross-crossing fixation to obtain 200 live sheep in the target sheep core group.

The feeding mode is a full barn feeding mode, the night environment temperature of the barn is not lower than 0 ℃, and the humidity is 30-50%.

The feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: the average of the primary green and dry oat grass is 0.2 kg/d, and the silage is 0.5 kg/d.

The silage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of corn straw and 25-30 parts of alfalfa.

And (3) preparing concentrated feed required for supplementary feeding according to the nutritional requirements of the mutton sheep by combining the dynamic change of the nutritional level of the natural grassland forage which is naturally inherited locally.

Example 2

(2) selecting 500 female sheep with the genotype of pp, pure white, the birth weight of more than 3.5kg, the weaning weight of more than 15kg and the weight of more than 26kg at 6 months from F1 as the hybrid female parent of F2 generation, and 17 male small tailed Han sheep without horn and pure white as the hybrid male parent of F2 generation to obtain 470 live sheep of hybrid F2 generation;

(3) selecting 280 female sheep containing FecB heterozygote type (B +), a horn type genotype pp, pure white, a birth weight of more than 3.5kg, a weaning weight of more than 15kg and a 6-month-old body weight of more than 26kg from the F2 generation as F3 generation hybrid female parents, and 10 horn-free and pure white male Safuke sheep as F3 generation hybrid male parents to obtain 550 hybrid F3 generation live sheep;

(4) selecting FecB heterozygote type (B +), a horn type genotype pp, pure white, a birth weight of more than 3.5kg, a weaning weight of more than 15kg and a 6-month-old body weight of more than 26kg from the F3 generation as female parents of the F4 generation, and 11 horn-free and pure white male Taoist sheep as male parents of the F4 generation to obtain 650 live sheep of the F4 generation;

The feeding mode is a half-barn feeding mode of grazing in the daytime and supplementing feeding at night, the environmental temperature of the colony house for supplementing feeding at night is not lower than 0 ℃, and the humidity is 30-50%.

The forage required by the night supplementary feeding comprises 0.2 kg/d of first-grade green and dry oat grass on average and 0.5 kg/d of silage.

Example 3

The breeding mode is a daytime grazing mode, no supplementary feeding is carried out at night, the environmental temperature of a colony house is not lower than 0 ℃, and the humidity is 30-50%.

The reproductive performance and the lamb productivity of the high-reproduction grain-saving type meat sheep core group ewes suitable for the alpine environment bred in different breeding modes are shown in the table 1.

TABLE 1 reproductive performance and lamb production performance of high-reproduction grain-saving type meat sheep core group ewes suitable for high and cold environment in different feeding modes

Note: the meat sheep fed in a whole house is generally produced by lambs and can be slaughtered in the market after being raised to about 6 months old. It will not grow to 18 months of age. Therefore, the data of the live weight and the slaughtering rate of 18 months of age are blank.

The production performance of the high-reproduction grain-saving type meat sheep core group Capricorn bred in different breeding modes and suitable for the alpine environment is shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 high-reproduction grain-saving type meat sheep core group Capricorn production performance suitable for alpine environment in different feeding modes

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for breeding sheep suitable for high and cold environment through multiple-character selective hybridization is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(5) carrying out cross-crossing fixation by taking the hybrid fourth-generation F4 as a female parent and a male parent to obtain a target sheep core group;

in the step (1), the female parent of F1 generation also needs to satisfy 2-4 births with no angle or angle length not more than 10cm and body height more than 68cm, and the male parent angle genotype is pp through molecular identification;

in the step (2), the genotype of the female parent in F2 generation is pp, the genotype of the male parent in the horn is pp, and the male parent in the horn contains FecB heterozygous gene B + genotype;

and (5) in the steps (3) to (5), the female parent and male parent horn genotypes are pp and contain FecB heterozygous gene B + genotypes.

2. The method for breeding sheep suitable for alpine environment through multi-trait selective hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the female parent in the steps (2) to (4) and the male parent in the step (5) are satisfied: the weight for birth is more than 3.5kg, the weight for weaning is more than 15kg and the weight for 6 months is more than 26 kg.

3. The method for breeding sheep suitable for the alpine environment through the multiple trait selection hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the hybridization ratio of the male parent to the female parent in the steps (1) to (5) is 1: 20-30.

4. The method for breeding sheep suitable for the alpine environment through the multiple-trait selective hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the environmental temperature of the pen in the steps (1) to (5) is not lower than 0 ℃ and the humidity is 30-50%.

5. The method for breeding the sheep suitable for the alpine environment through the multi-trait selection hybridization as claimed in claim 4, wherein the feed comprises the following components in parts by mass: the average of the primary green and dry oat grass is 0.2 kg/d, and the silage is 0.5 kg/d.

6. The method for breeding the sheep suitable for the alpine environment through the multi-trait selection hybridization according to claim 5, wherein the silage comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of corn straw and 25-30 parts of alfalfa.

7. The method for breeding sheep suitable for alpine environment through multiple trait selection hybridization according to claim 5, wherein the steps (1) to (5) further comprise: supplementing concentrate according to the amount of 250-400 g per unit;