CN110797738A - Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser - Google Patents
Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN110797738A CN110797738A CN201911226407.5A CN201911226407A CN110797738A CN 110797738 A CN110797738 A CN 110797738A CN 201911226407 A CN201911226407 A CN 201911226407A CN 110797738 A CN110797738 A CN 110797738A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/10061—Polarization control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/136—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/137—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity for stabilising of frequency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser, which comprises: the device comprises a single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source, a polarization maintaining fiber isolator, a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer, a low-reflection output polarization maintaining fiber grating, a narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining fiber grating, a fiber emitting collimator, a Faraday optical rotator, a fiber receiving collimator, a high-gain polarization maintaining fiber and a fiber end face high-reflection film. The invention constructs the virtual annular cavity by utilizing the nonreciprocal magneto-optical rotation technology in the short and straight cavity structure, thereby not only maintaining the stable linear polarization working mode of the laser in the cavity environment, but also eliminating the spatial hole burning noise, thereby generating the single-frequency fiber laser with ultra-narrow line width and polarization-preserving output; the polarization rotation of the laser in the optical fiber is eliminated, so that the laser always keeps a linear polarization state in the optical fiber in the cavity, the environmental stability of the laser is improved, meanwhile, the noise introduced by space hole burning of the standing wave cavity can be eliminated, and the low-noise single-frequency laser output with stable environment is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber lasers, in particular to a low-noise polarization-maintaining single-frequency fiber laser with a virtual annular cavity.
Background
The low-noise single-frequency laser has wide application prospect in the precise measurement fields of laser radar, atomic clock, gravitational wave detection and the like due to the advantages of narrow line width, good coherence and the like. With the continuous improvement of the measurement accuracy requirement in the field of precision measurement, people continuously pursue single-frequency laser with lower noise and better environmental stability.
Short cavity type fiber lasers are one of the main schemes for realizing low-noise single-frequency laser output, and have been widely used in engineering practice. As early as 1991, G.A. ball et al of the United states research center of United states technology reports the implementation method of the single-frequency short-cavity fiber laser for the first time and discloses a cavity structure scheme [ IEEE Photonics technology letters,1991.3(7): p.613-615 ], but is limited by the level of the manufacturing process of the key devices, especially the high-gain fiber, and the stability, noise and power of the laser are all at lower levels. With the development of fiber laser technology, in 2004, the university of alexander and NP photonics corporation applied for rare earth doped phosphate glass single mode fiber lasers in ultra narrow linewidth single frequency fiber laser research [ patent No.: US 6816514B2] and high power narrow linewidth single frequency fiber lasers [ publication: US 2004/0240508a1] two patents claim several rare earth doped phosphate glass single mode fibers and claim partial cavity structures. In 2008, the south china university applied for a low-noise, narrow-linewidth and high-power single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser in the research aspect of ultra-narrow-linewidth single-frequency fiber lasers [ patent no: 200810220661.X ] claims a rare earth doped phosphate glass single mode fiber with a cavity structure and a polarization maintaining property. In the narrow-linewidth single-frequency fiber laser provided by the above documents and inventions, the gain fibers all have a spatial hole burning effect, and only the linewidth output in the kHz order can be realized. 2011, south china university applied for an ultra-narrow linewidth low-noise high-power single-frequency fiber laser [ publication number: CN102306897A ], the patent proposes to construct a folded composite cavity and a double virtual ring cavity in a short straight cavity structure by adopting polarization rotation technology to eliminate the noise introduced by the spatial hole burning effect, and to introduce 1/4 wave plate into the cavity to make the linearly polarized laser light become circularly polarized light after passing through, thereby eliminating the standing wave formed by the constructive interference of the opposite transmission light in the fiber inside the cavity.
However, the polarization state of circularly polarized light during transmission in the optical fiber evolves in a rotating manner, so that the laser state is very sensitive to the change of the optical fiber length, the environmental vibration and thermal noise both have adverse effects on the stability of the laser, and the environmental stability and the high polarization contrast advantage of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber laser are damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a low-noise polarization-preserving virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser, which can eliminate polarization rotation of laser in an optical fiber, so that the laser always keeps a linear polarization state in the optical fiber in the cavity, thereby improving the environmental stability of the laser, and simultaneously eliminating noise introduced by space hole burning of a standing wave cavity, and realizing the output of low-noise single-frequency laser with stable environment.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual ring cavity single-frequency fiber laser, including: the device comprises a single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1, a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator 2, a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3, a low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 4, a narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 5, an optical fiber transmitting collimator 6, a Faraday optical rotator 7, an optical fiber receiving collimator 8, a high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9 and an optical fiber end face high-reflection film 10; the single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 is connected with the pumping input end of a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3, a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator 2 is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3 through an end to output single-frequency laser, a low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 4 and a narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 5 are respectively and effectively inscribed on the slow/fast axis of the same polarization maintaining optical fiber, the other end of the narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 5 is connected with an optical fiber emission collimator 6, emitted light of the optical fiber emission collimator 6 is received by an optical fiber receiving collimator 8 after passing through a Faraday optical rotator 7, the optical fiber receiving collimator 8 is connected with a high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9, and a high-reflection film 10 of the optical fiber end face is plated on the high-gain optical fiber end face.
Preferably, the slow axes of the optical fiber transmitting collimator 6 and the optical fiber receiving collimator 8 form 45 degrees with each other, the working distance is 2-10 mm, the diameter of a light spot is smaller than 2mm, and the coupling loss is smaller than 0.3 dB.
Preferably, the faraday rotator 7 can rotate the axis of the incident linearly polarized light leftwards or rightwards by 45 °.
Preferably, the high-gain polarization maintaining fiber 9 is a common rare earth doped silicate or phosphate single-mode polarization maintaining glass fiber, and the doped particles are Er from lanthanide ions3+,Yb3+,Tm3+,Gd3+,Tb3+,Dy3+,Ho3+Or Lu3+The diameter of the fiber core is 5-15 mu m, and the length of the fiber core is less than 5 cm.
Preferably, the low-reflection output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 and the narrow-linewidth polarization-maintaining fiber grating 5 are respectively and effectively inscribed on the slow axis and the fast axis of the same polarization-maintaining fiber, the 3dB reflection spectrum widths are both less than 0.1nm, the central wavelengths of the two are matched, the difference is less than 0.04nm, the reflectivity of the low-reflection output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 is between 40% and 85%, and the reflectivity of the narrow-linewidth polarization-maintaining fiber grating 5 is higher than 70%.
Preferably, the high-reflection film 10 of the optical fiber end face is plated on the end face of the high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber, the reflection bandwidth is larger than 5nm, the working center wavelength is close to the reflection center wavelength of the low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 4, the difference is smaller than 1nm, and the reflectivity is larger than 85%.
Preferably, the connections between all the optical fibers are slow axis alignment fusion splices.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention constructs the virtual ring cavity by utilizing the nonreciprocal magneto-optical rotation technology in the short-straight cavity structure, thereby not only maintaining the stable linear polarization working mode of the laser in the cavity, but also eliminating the spatial hole burning noise, thereby generating the single-frequency fiber laser with ultra-narrow line width (superior to 1kHz magnitude) and polarization-preserving output; the polarization rotation of the laser in the optical fiber is eliminated, so that the laser always keeps a linear polarization state in the optical fiber in the cavity, the environmental stability of the laser is improved, meanwhile, the noise introduced by space hole burning of the standing wave cavity can be eliminated, and the low-noise single-frequency laser output with stable environment is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber laser according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the alignment of the slow axis of the tail fiber of the fiber launch and receive collimator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual ring cavity single-frequency fiber laser includes: the device comprises a single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1, a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator 2, a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3, a low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 4, a narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 5, an optical fiber transmitting collimator 6, a Faraday optical rotator 7, an optical fiber receiving collimator 8, a high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9 and an optical fiber end face high-reflection film 10. The single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 is connected with the pumping input end of a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3, the pass end of the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected with the input end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator 2, the public end of the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected with a low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 4, the low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 4 is connected with a narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 5, the narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating 5 is connected with an optical fiber emission collimator 6, the narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating is connected with an optical fiber receiving collimator 8 through a Faraday rotator 7, the optical fiber receiving collimator 8 is connected with a high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9, and the other end of the high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9 is plated with an optical. The connection among all the optical fibers is slow axis alignment fusion, the slow axis of the tail fiber of the fiber launching collimator 6 and the fiber receiving collimator 8 is in 45-degree alignment coupling, and the alignment mode is shown in fig. 2.
The central wavelength of the single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source 1 is 976nm, the single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source is output by a single-mode optical fiber pigtail, and the power is generally more than 400 mW; the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer 3 has the working mode of 976/1064nm, the working bandwidth is generally larger than 10nm, the fast axis is cut off, and the insertion loss from the pump input end to the public end is less than 0.8 dB; the reflection center wavelength of the coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating 4 is 1064nm, the bandwidth is 0.05nm, the reflectivity is 60%, the coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating is effectively inscribed on the slow axis of the polarization-maintaining fiber with the model of PM980, the reflection center wavelength of the low-reflection narrow-linewidth fiber grating 5 is 1063.98nm, the bandwidth is 0.05nm, the reflectivity is 80%, and the coupling output polarization-maintaining fiber grating is effectively inscribed on the fast axis of the same polarization-maintaining fiber; then, the other end of the polarization maintaining fiber is used for manufacturing a fiber emission collimator 6; the Faraday optical rotator 7 has a working center wavelength 1064 and insertion loss less than 0.3 dB; the optical fiber receiving collimator is manufactured by using one end of a high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9; the high-gain polarization maintaining fiber 9 isPanda type polarization maintaining fiber with doped Yb particle3+Ions, the substrate is silicate glass, the absorption at the wavelength of 976nm is higher than 250dB/m, and the length is less than 3 cm; the high-reflection film 10 at the optical fiber end is plated at the other end of the high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber 9, the working wavelength is 1064nm, the reflectivity is higher than 95%, and the reflection bandwidth is larger than 10 nm; the working wavelength of the polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator 2 is 1064nm, the insertion loss is less than 1.5dB, and the fast axis is cut off. The single-mode semiconductor laser pump source 1 is increased to a sufficiently high power, and stable high-contrast polarized 1064nm single-frequency laser can be output from the polarization maintaining fiber isolator 2.
The invention utilizes the non-reciprocal optical rotation property of the Faraday optical rotator, and the laser is operated in a traveling wave mode in a short straight cavity formed by the polarization maintaining fiber, and the rotation direction of the Faraday optical rotator to the polarization axis of incident linear polarized light is irrelevant to the light transmission direction, namely the Faraday optical rotator always keeps rotating 45 degrees leftwards (or 45 degrees rightwards and is relevant to the magnetic field direction) along the light transmission direction. Thus, the linearly polarized light can restore the initial polarization state after passing through the Faraday rotator for four times, and one period of operation is completed in the cavity. The specific process is as follows: under the pumping of a single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source, the population inversion occurs in the high-gain polarization-maintaining fiber, the spontaneous radiation occurs, the spontaneous radiation light in the reflection bandwidth of the low-reflection narrow-linewidth fiber grating is reflected, the reflected light is linearly polarized light and is transmitted along the slow axis of the fiber, the polarization axis of the fiber rotates 45 degrees after passing through the Faraday optical rotator for the first time, the light enters the slow axis of the high-gain polarization-maintaining fiber through the fiber receiving collimator for transmission, under the reflection of a high-reflection film on the end surface of the fiber, the two-way stimulated amplification is obtained in the high-gain polarization-maintaining fiber, the polarization axis rotates 45 degrees after passing through the Faraday optical rotator for the second time, the amplified light at the moment is orthogonal to the initial light polarization state, the amplified light is transmitted along the fast axis in the tail fiber of the fiber emitting collimator, is reflected by the output coupling reflector, the Faraday optical rotator is passed for the third time, the polarization axis rotates 45 degrees again, and the amplified light on the, after passing through the Faraday rotator for the fourth time, the polarization axis of the transmitted light is restored to be aligned with the slow axis of the tail fiber of the optical fiber emission collimator, and the operation of one period is completed. It can be seen that as the pumping power increases, the gain in the cavity increases to equal the loss, and the laser starts to oscillate. Because the free spectral range of the short straight cavity is larger, single-frequency low-noise laser of a single longitudinal mode is output under the common filtering action of the short straight cavity and the narrow-linewidth low-reverse polarization-preserving fiber bragg grating.
Claims (7)
1. A low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a single-mode semiconductor laser pumping source (1), a polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator (2), a polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (3), a low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating (4), a narrow-linewidth polarization maintaining optical fiber grating (5), an optical fiber transmitting collimator (6), a Faraday optical rotator (7), an optical fiber receiving collimator (8), a high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber (9) and an optical fiber end face high-reflection film (10); the single-mode semiconductor laser pump source (1) is connected with the pump input end of the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (3), the polarization maintaining optical fiber isolator (2) is connected with the polarization maintaining wavelength division multiplexer (3) through the end to output single-frequency laser, the low-reflection output polarization maintaining optical fiber grating (4) and the narrow-line-width polarization maintaining optical fiber grating (5) are respectively and effectively written on the slow/fast axis of the same polarization maintaining optical fiber, the other end of the narrow-line-width polarization maintaining optical fiber grating (5) is connected with the optical fiber emission collimator (6), the emitted light of the optical fiber emission collimator (6) is received by the optical fiber reception collimator (8) after passing through the Faraday optical rotator (7), the optical fiber reception collimator (8) is connected with the high-gain polarization maintaining optical fiber (9), and the high-reflection film (10) of the optical fiber end surface is plated on the high-gain optical fiber end surface.
2. The low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual-ring-cavity single-frequency fiber laser device of claim 1, wherein a slow axis of the fiber emitting collimator (6) and a slow axis of the fiber receiving collimator (8) form an angle of 45 degrees with each other, working distances are both 2-10 mm, a spot diameter is smaller than 2mm, and coupling loss is smaller than 0.3 dB.
3. The low-noise polarization-preserving virtual ring-shaped single-frequency fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the faraday rotator (7) can rotate the axis of the incident linearly polarized light left or right by 45 °.
4. The low-noise polarization-preserving virtual-ring single-frequency fiber laser of claim 1, wherein high-gain polarization-preserving fiber laserThe optical fiber (9) is a common rare earth doped silicate or phosphate single-mode polarization-maintaining glass optical fiber, and the doped particles are Er with lanthanide ions3+,Yb3+,Tm3+,Gd3+,Tb3+,Dy3+,Ho3+Or Lu3+The diameter of the fiber core is 5-15 mu m, and the length of the fiber core is less than 5 cm.
5. The low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser device according to claim 1, wherein the low-reflection output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4) and the narrow-linewidth polarization-maintaining fiber grating (5) are respectively and effectively written on the slow axis and the fast axis of the same polarization-maintaining fiber, 3dB reflection spectrum widths are both smaller than 0.1nm, the central wavelengths of the two are matched, the difference is smaller than 0.04nm, the reflectivity of the low-reflection output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4) is between 40% and 85%, and the reflectivity of the narrow-linewidth polarization-maintaining fiber grating (5) is higher than 70%.
6. The low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser device of claim 1, wherein a fiber end face high-reflection film (10) is plated on a high-gain polarization-maintaining fiber end face, the reflection bandwidth is larger than 5nm, the working center wavelength is close to the reflection center wavelength of a low-reflection output polarization-maintaining fiber grating (4), the difference is smaller than 1nm, and the reflectivity is larger than 85%.
7. The low noise, polarization maintaining virtual ring cavity single frequency fiber laser of claim 1, wherein the connections between all fibers are slow axis alignment fusion splices.
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| CN201911226407.5A CN110797738A (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2019-12-04 | Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser |
| PCT/CN2020/087492 WO2021109435A1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-28 | Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual ring cavity single-frequency optical fiber laser |
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| WO2021109435A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual ring cavity single-frequency optical fiber laser |
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| GB2316761B (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 2001-01-03 | Univ Southampton | Optical dispersion compensation |
| US8374468B2 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2013-02-12 | Advalue Photonics, Inc. | Highly rare-earth doped fiber array |
| CN102270810B (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2012-12-19 | 清华大学 | Method for reducing nonlinear effect in optical fiber amplifier and realizing environmental stabilization |
| CN102306897B (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-08-08 | 华南理工大学 | Ultra narrow linewidth low noise high power single frequency fiber laser |
| CN103236629B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2016-09-28 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber laser cascade amplifier of polarization-stable |
| CN104092086A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-10-08 | 华南理工大学 | Super-narrow-linewidth single-frequency Q-switched pulse fiber laser |
| CN104466636A (en) * | 2014-11-30 | 2015-03-25 | 华南理工大学 | Single-frequency Q-switched pulsed fiber laser |
| CN110797738A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-14 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser |
| CN210779477U (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-06-16 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual annular cavity single-frequency fiber laser |
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| WO2021109435A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-06-10 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | Low-noise polarization-maintaining virtual ring cavity single-frequency optical fiber laser |
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