CN110793780A - Visual constant-volume combustion bomb device and method capable of controlling turbulence-flame shock wave action - Google Patents
Visual constant-volume combustion bomb device and method capable of controlling turbulence-flame shock wave action Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual constant-volume combustion bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave action, which comprises a constant-volume combustion device, a fuel supply system, a heating system, an ignition system, a high-speed photographing system, an air intake and exhaust system, an in-cylinder pressure acquisition system and a synchronous controller, wherein the constant-volume combustion device comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder head and a cylinder head; the constant volume combustion device comprises a combustion elastomer, fans and a driving motor of the fans, wherein a combustion chamber is arranged in the middle of the combustion elastomer, the combustion elastomer is provided with four fan mounting holes which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction and radially arranged and communicated with the combustion chamber, the fans are mounted in the fan mounting holes, the four fans are oppositely arranged, and a replaceable ventilation pore plate is arranged between the air outlet direction of each fan and the combustion chamber in each fan mounting hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a combustion system of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a test device for simulating interaction of turbulent flame and shock wave and spontaneous combustion of tail gas.
Background
In recent years, engines are facing two major problems of aggravation of energy crisis and stricter emission regulations, and the engines are promoted to be miniaturized with high efficiency and low emission. Therefore, the supercharging technique and the increase in the compression ratio are further applied, and this results in an increase in the possibility of occurrence of knocking. It is now generally accepted that knocking is caused by self-ignition of the end mixture: in the combustion process of the gasoline engine, along with the progress of the combustion process and the normal propagation of flame, the temperature and the pressure of tail end gas at the last combustion position are continuously increased, after a series of early reactions, under the condition that the normal flame propagation is not reached, one or a plurality of spontaneous flame centers appear at high-temperature parts in the combustion chamber, spontaneous flame propagates from the centers at a high speed, the rest unburnt mixed gas is quickly combusted, and pressure waves are generated in the process, so that the generated pressure vibrates. In essence, engine knock is always accompanied by flame and shock wave interaction and a sharp release of end mixture energy. Therefore, it is important to explore the interaction between the flame and the pressure wave, which is the key to reveal the detonation mechanism.
The actual circulation process of the gasoline engine is complex, the research on the related aspects of tail gas spontaneous combustion on the gasoline engine is difficult, and the combustion process of the gasoline engine can be considered as constant-volume combustion due to the fact that the gasoline is mixed and combusted for a short time, so that the constant-volume combustion bomb is the most effective tool for simulating the combustion of the gasoline engine. Many scholars have conducted experimental simulation research on the combustion process of the gasoline engine in constant volume combustion bombs at home and abroad. However, there has been little research into the development of turbulent flames, end gas auto-ignition, and detonation. The Qinghua university and the Beijing transportation university respectively invent a constant volume combustion chamber with a built-in fan, wherein the Beijing transportation university uses a spherical combustion chamber, and four fans are adopted to drive airflow to move so as to carry out related research. However, the combustion chamber of the gasoline engine is cylindrical, and turbulent motion in the cylinder and tail end spontaneous combustion conditions cannot be accurately inferred by using the spherical combustion chamber.
The combustion in the gasoline engine belongs to medium-low Reynolds number turbulent combustion, and the flame generated in the constant volume combustion bomb belongs to the laminar flame category. The four fans are additionally arranged in the circumferential direction of the wall surface of the constant volume bomb, so that laminar flame is converted into turbulent flame, and turbulent flame with different intensity is generated in the bomb body by adjusting the rotating speed of the fans and matching with pore plates with different specifications. In the device, different gas fuels such as hydrogen, methane and the like or liquid fuels such as jet gasoline and the like can be introduced to form different mixed gases, so that the development law of turbulent combustion under different conditions is researched, and the characteristics of the turbulent combustion are summarized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a visual constant-volume combustion bomb device and method with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave action, which generate airflow with different intensities by changing the rotating speed of a fan, generate turbulence flames with different intensities by combining replaceable pore plates with different pore diameters and pore numbers, study the interaction between the turbulence flames with different intensities and shock waves and the influence on spontaneous combustion of tail end gas, study the influence of spontaneous combustion of the tail end gas on pressure fluctuation in a cylinder, and theoretically provide ideas for turbulent combustion in a closed space and the detonation problem of a small-sized reinforced gasoline engine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a visual constant-volume combustion bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave action, which comprises a constant-volume combustion device, a fuel supply system, a heating system, an ignition system, a high-speed photography system, an air intake and exhaust system, an in-cylinder pressure acquisition system and a synchronous controller, wherein the constant-volume combustion device comprises a cylinder body, a cylinder head and a cylinder head;
the constant volume combustion device comprises a combustion elastomer, a fan and a driving motor thereof, a combustion chamber is arranged in the middle of the combustion elastomer, the combustion elastomer is uniformly distributed in four circumferential directions and is radially arranged, and fan mounting holes communicated with the combustion chamber, wherein a fan is mounted in each fan mounting hole, the four fans are oppositely arranged, a replaceable ventilation pore plate is arranged between the air outlet direction of each fan and the combustion chamber in each fan mounting hole, the fan is connected with the driving motor through a magnetic coupling, the magnetic coupling comprises an outer rotor, an inner rotor, an isolation cover seat fixed with a combustion bomb body and an isolation cover fixed with the inner rotor, the fan is connected with the inner rotor, a motor shaft of the driving motor is connected with the outer rotor, and the isolation cover is fixed with the isolation cover seat, so that complete isolation between the inside and the outside of the combustion bomb body is realized;
the synchronous controller comprises a driver and an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter which are connected with the single chip microcomputer; the single chip microcomputer controls five electromagnetic relays through a driver, and the five electromagnetic relays are respectively marked as a first electromagnetic relay, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay and a fifth electromagnetic relay;
the air inlet and exhaust system comprises a high-pressure fuel gas cylinder, a high-pressure gas cylinder, a vacuum pump, a cooling device, an air outlet and an air inlet channel, wherein the air outlet and the air inlet channel are arranged on the combustion bomb body and are positioned on the same straight line; the exhaust port is provided with an exhaust valve connected with the first electromagnetic relay, the air inlet channel is provided with an air inlet valve connected with the second electromagnetic relay, and the singlechip controls the opening and closing states of the air inlet valve and the exhaust valve; the high-pressure fuel gas cylinder and the high-pressure gas cylinder provide fuel gas and compressed air for the constant-volume combustion device through the gas inlet channel; the cooling device cools the combustion waste gas discharged from the exhaust port of the constant-volume combustion device, and then the combustion waste gas is discharged by the vacuum pump;
the in-cylinder pressure acquisition system comprises a high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor and a pressure transmitter, wherein the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor and the pressure transmitter are arranged on the combustion bomb body, are arranged around the combustion chamber and are perpendicular to the wall surface of the combustion chamber; the single chip microcomputer receives a feedback signal of the pressure transmitter through an A/D (analog/digital) converter; the single chip microcomputer controls a fifth electromagnetic relay connected with the pressure release valve to realize the on-off of a power supply, so that the pressure in the combustion chamber is kept constant;
the heating system comprises external heating and internal heating, wherein the external heating adopts a compressed air heater to input heating gas through an air inlet channel of a combustion projectile body, and the temperature can be heated to 400 ℃; the internal heating heats the gas in the combustion chamber through heating plates with thermocouples arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the constant volume combustion device, a temperature transmitter is arranged on the combustion bomb body and is vertical to the wall surface of the combustion chamber, the temperature transmitter is used for measuring the temperature of the environment in the combustion chamber, and the single chip microcomputer receives the feedback temperature values of the thermocouples and the temperature transmitter through an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter; the single chip microcomputer controls a third electromagnetic relay connected with the heating plate to realize the on-off of a power supply, so that the temperature in the combustion chamber is kept constant;
the ignition system is a self-made ignition system and comprises a pulse generation control circuit and an ignition coil which are sequentially connected with a 12v power supply, the ignition coil is connected with spark plugs which are respectively positioned on the constant volume combustion device, and the single chip microcomputer controls the spark plugs to ignite through the ignition coil.
The visual constant volume combustion bomb device with the controllable turbulence-flame shock wave effect is characterized in that in the constant volume combustion device, replaceable ventilation pore plates arranged between the air outlet direction of the fan and the combustion chamber comprise a plurality of sets of ventilation pore plates with different apertures and hole numbers, turbulent flames with different intensities are generated through replacement, and the interaction between the turbulent flames with different intensities and the shock wave and the influence on spontaneous combustion of tail end gas are researched.
The ventilation pore plate is formed by forging and cutting No. 45 round steel, and the thickness of the ventilation pore plate is 4 mm.
The high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor adopts a Kistler non-water-cooling 6045 type high-frequency response cylinder pressure sensor, the head of the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor is flush with the inner cavity wall surface of the combustion chamber, and the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor is sequentially connected with a signal output line, a charge amplifier, a collection card and a computer, and is combined with PFV Viewer software in the computer to record and process data.
The high-speed shooting system comprises a high-speed camera, a front window and a rear window, the front window and the rear window are arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the combustion bomb body and are symmetrically installed and made of quartz glass, and the singlechip controls a fourth electromagnetic relay connected with the high-speed camera to open or close the high-speed camera; the high-speed camera directly shoots turbulent flame propagation and tail end gas spontaneous combustion through the rear window; the front window and the rear window form a communicated light path, and are combined with a schlieren instrument to observe the phenomena of flame acceleration, turbulent flame-shock wave interaction and tail end gas spontaneous combustion in the combustion chamber.
The high-speed camera adopts a high-speed camera with a frame/second of more than 900K.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a visualization method for realizing the controllable turbulent combustion-flame shock wave effect by using the visualization constant-volume combustion bomb device, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a ventilation pore plate in front of the fan;
step two: connecting all devices of the constant-volume combustion bomb system, checking the inside of the constant-volume combustion device to ensure cleanness, wiping a front window and a rear window completely, and ensuring the readiness of a fuel supply system, a heating system, an ignition system, a high-speed photography system, an air intake and exhaust system, a data acquisition system and a singlechip control system;
step three: turning on a fan switch, setting the rotating speed required by the fan, and fixing the rotating speed to keep unchanged;
step four: manually triggering a singlechip to control an air inlet valve on an air inlet channel to open, filling air into the combustion bomb body, after the air is filled, measuring a pressure signal in the combustion bomb body by a pressure transmitter, converting the pressure signal into a digital signal by an A/D (analog/digital) converter, transmitting the digital signal to the singlechip, analyzing and calculating by the singlechip, comparing the digital signal with a set value, sending a signal by the singlechip through a driver when the pressure value reaches the set value, closing an electromagnetic valve on the air inlet channel by a second electromagnetic relay, and closing an air passage; manually triggering the singlechip to control an air inlet valve on the air inlet channel to be opened, and filling fuel gas into the combustion bomb body to a target pressure;
step five: the heating plate is switched on to heat compressed air in the combustion bomb, a thermocouple and a temperature transmitter measure temperature signals in the combustion bomb, the temperature signals are converted into digital signals through an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer analyzes and calculates the digital signals and compares the digital signals with a set value, when the temperature value reaches the set value, the single chip microcomputer sends out signals through a driver, a third electromagnetic relay is controlled to switch off a heating circuit, and the compressed air in the combustion bomb is stopped being heated;
step six: after the gas in the combustion bomb body reaches the set pressure and temperature, manually triggering the single chip microcomputer to send a signal, transmitting the signal to an ignition coil through a driver, and controlling the ignition of a spark plug; meanwhile, the singlechip triggers a signal and transmits the signal to the fourth electromagnetic relay through the driver, so that the high-speed camera works to shoot a flame propagation image, and the data acquisition system records the pressure and the temperature in the combustion bomb body.
Step seven: after the combustion is observed through the front window, the single chip microcomputer is manually triggered to send a signal, the exhaust valve on the exhaust port is opened through the first electromagnetic relay, and high-temperature waste gas is exhausted through the cooling device and the vacuum pump to complete the exhaust process;
step eight: after one group of experiments are finished, replacing a ventilation pore plate in front of the fan or changing the rotating speed of the fan, returning to the step three, and continuing the next group of experiments until the set multiple groups of experiments are finished;
step nine: and analyzing the experimental data to obtain the interaction of turbulent flame-shock wave with different intensities and the influence of the interaction on spontaneous combustion and detonation of the tail gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can simulate the interaction between turbulent flame and shock wave and the spontaneous combustion test of the tail gas, and is mainly used for researching the organization form of the turbulent flow in a combustion chamber, the motion state of the airflow, the development of the turbulent flame, the interaction between the turbulent flame and the shock wave and inducing the spontaneous combustion of the tail gas.
The constant volume combustion device is adopted to simulate a gasoline engine combustion chamber for testing, and the device has the advantages of simple structure and low cost compared with an optical single cylinder engine or a rapid compressor. The constant volume burning bomb is the resistance to compression high temperature opens the box that has glass observation window, does not have the compression process, can obtain bigger more clear visual field of view, and for the body that observation window was seted up to the side, set up the whole inner structure of seeing that can be complete in combustion chamber cylinder bottom surface, does not have the barrier to shelter from the sight. Adopt four fans on the wall, through the rotational speed of adjusting the fan, see through the anterior orifice plate of fan and can produce the turbulent flame of different intensity, can change the anterior orifice plate of fan simultaneously to obtain the flame data under more conditions. By combining the schlieren technology and high-speed photography, the interaction between turbulent flame and shock wave can be conveniently and clearly photographed, the influence of the interaction on tail gas spontaneous combustion and pressure fluctuation in a cylinder is researched, and the problem that the interaction between flame and shock wave and knocking are difficult to realize and control in the actual engine is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a composition diagram of a visual constant volume burner bomb device according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant volume combustion device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a combustion projectile in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of the fan assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic end-on view of an orifice plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single-chip microcomputer control system in the present invention.
In the figure: 1-rear window, 2-rear glass, 3-spark plug, 4-rear glass cover, 5-combustion elastomer, 6-temperature transmitter, 7-front glass cover, 8-fuel injector, 9-front window, 10-front glass, 11-bolt hole, 12-high frequency cylinder pressure sensor, 13-pressure transmitter, 14-temperature transmitter hole, 15-fuel injector hole, 16-fan mounting hole, 17-exhaust hole, 18-high frequency cylinder pressure sensor hole, 19-pressure transmitter hole, 20-air inlet channel, 21-spark plug hole, 22-combustion chamber, 23-ventilation orifice plate, 24-fan, 25-isolation cover seat, 26-bolt, 27-outer rotor, 28-isolation cover, 29-motor shaft, 30-driving motor, 31-inner rotor, 32-sealing gasket.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention provides a visual constant-volume combustion bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave action, which comprises a constant-volume combustion device, a fuel supply system, a heating system, an ignition system, a high-speed photographing system, an air intake and exhaust system, an in-cylinder pressure acquisition system and a synchronous controller.
As shown in fig. 1, the constant volume projectile body is located at the center of fig. 1, the left side and the right side of the constant volume projectile body are respectively provided with a vacuum pump, an exhaust valve and an air inlet valve, light is emitted by a light source, is focused by a focusing lens at the lower right side, then is focused to a plane mirror through a crack, is reflected to a concave mirror by the plane mirror, then is reflected to the concave mirror by the plane mirror, is focused by the focusing lens after the constant volume projectile body passes through the symmetrical concave mirror, is reflected to the plane mirror by the concave mirror and is emitted through a knife edge. The schlieren optical path can convert the density gradient change in the flow field into the relative light intensity change on the recording plane, so that the areas with severe density changes such as shock waves, compression waves and the like in the compressible flow field become observable and distinguishable images. The bomb in the figure belongs to a constant volume combustion device, the vacuum pump, the exhaust valve and the air inlet valve belong to an air inlet and exhaust system, and the light source, the mirror surfaces, the lens, the knife edge cracks and the camera all belong to a high-speed camera system.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the constant volume combustion apparatus includes a combustion body 5 having a disk shape, and a cylindrical combustion chamber 22 is longitudinally provided in the middle of the combustion body 5. The combustion projectile body 5 is forged by 45 # round steel, the cylindrical combustion chamber 22 is formed by cutting from the front end face of the combustion projectile body, the rear glass 2 is fixed with the rear window 1 by using the rear glass cover 4, the front glass 11 is fixed with the front window 9 by using the front glass cover 7, and the front window and the rear window are fixed by using bolts through the bolt holes 11. The injector 8 may be placed in the injector bore 15 in preparation for a liquid fuel combustion study.
The cylindrical combustion chamber 24 penetrates through the front end face and the rear end face of the combustion elastomer 5, the combustion elastomer 5 is provided with four vertical and horizontal directions and is radially arranged, the fan mounting holes 16 are communicated with the combustion chamber 22, a fan 24 is mounted in each fan mounting hole 16, the four fans 24 are oppositely arranged, a ventilation pore plate 23 is arranged between the air outlet direction of each fan 24 and the combustion chamber 22 in each fan mounting hole 16, namely in front of the fan 24, and the ventilation pore plate 23 and the elastomer are in a replaceable connection design, as shown in fig. 4, the specific connection form is as follows: fan 24 with driving motor 30 passes through the magnetic coupling and links to each other, the magnetic coupling includes outer rotor 27 and inner rotor 31, has cage 28 to keep apart between outer rotor 27 and the inner rotor 31, with the fixed cage seat 25 of burning projectile body 5 and with the fixed cage 28 of inner rotor, fan 24 links to each other with inner rotor 31, and driving motor 30's motor shaft 29 links to each other with outer rotor 27, and cage 28 is twisted on cage seat 25 through the bolt, puts into sealed pad 32 between the two in order to play sealed effect, and simultaneously, the right-hand member of cage seat 25 pushes up ventilation orifice plate 23 on burning projectile body 5 to realize the complete isolation inside and outside burning projectile body 5, prevent gas leakage. Easy replaceability of the vent orifice 23 can be achieved. Finally, the isolation hood seat 25 is screwed on the combustion bomb body 5 through a bolt 26, the aim of sealing transmission is achieved, meanwhile, the orifice plate 23 is fixed, and a replacement method is reserved.
In the constant volume combustion device, the replaceable vent hole plate 23 arranged between the air outlet direction of the fan 24 and the combustion chamber 22 comprises a plurality of sets of vent hole plates with different apertures and hole numbers, and the interaction between turbulent flames with different intensities and shock waves and the influence on the spontaneous combustion of tail gas are researched by replacing the vent hole plates to generate turbulent flames with different intensities. As shown in fig. 5, the vent hole plate 23 is forged and cut from 45 # round steel, has a thickness of 4mm, and is perforated on the surface as needed. The fuel injector 8 is arranged on the combustion bomb body 5, so that the diffusion condition of fuel droplets can be observed under the turbulent flow condition, and the comparison of turbulent flow diffusion conditions under different turbulent flow strengths and different fuels is carried out.
As shown in fig. 6, the synchronous controller mainly comprises a single chip, a driver and a signal feedback system, wherein the signal feedback system receives feedback information including a pressure transmitter 13, a temperature transmitter 6 and a thermocouple through an a/D analog-to-digital converter, and the pressure transmitter 13 is used for measuring a pressure signal of the constant volume combustion device and transmitting the pressure signal to the a/D analog-to-digital converter; the temperature transmitter 6 and the thermocouple are used for measuring a temperature signal of the constant volume combustion device and transmitting the temperature signal to the A/D analog-to-digital converter; the A/D analog-to-digital converter is used for converting the pressure signal and the temperature signal into digital signals and transmitting the digital signals to the singlechip; the single chip microcomputer controls five electromagnetic relays through the driver, and the five electromagnetic relays are respectively marked as a first electromagnetic relay, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay and a fifth electromagnetic relay. The single chip microcomputer is used for analyzing and processing the digital signals, when the temperature value and the pressure value reach set values, the ignition system is driven to ignite through the single chip microcomputer, and the high-speed camera is triggered to work through a fourth electromagnetic relay during ignition, so that image acquisition is achieved.
The air intake and exhaust system comprises a high-pressure fuel gas cylinder, a high-pressure gas cylinder, a vacuum pump, a cooling device, an exhaust port 17 and an air intake channel 20 which are arranged on the combustion bomb body 5, wherein the exhaust port 10 and the air intake channel 20 are on the same straight line; the exhaust port 17 is provided with an exhaust valve connected with a first electromagnetic relay, the air inlet channel 20 is provided with an air inlet valve connected with a second electromagnetic relay, and the singlechip controls the opening and closing states of the air inlet valve and the exhaust valve; compressed air is provided by a 15MPa high-pressure gas cylinder, fuel gas is provided by a 10MP high-pressure gas cylinder, and the 10MP high-pressure fuel gas cylinder and the 15MPa high-pressure gas cylinder provide the fuel gas and the compressed air for the constant-volume combustion device through an air inlet channel 20; the cooling device cools the combustion waste gas discharged from the exhaust port 17 of the constant volume combustion device, and then the combustion waste gas is discharged by the vacuum pump.
The in-cylinder pressure acquisition system comprises a high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor hole 18 and a pressure transmitter hole 19 which are arranged on the combustion elastomer 5, are arranged around a combustion chamber 22 and are perpendicular to the wall surface of the combustion chamber 22, wherein a high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor 12 and a pressure transmitter 13 are respectively arranged in the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor hole 18 and the pressure transmitter hole 19, the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor 12 is used for measuring pressure fluctuation in the combustion chamber 22 in the interaction process of flame-shock waves, and the pressure transmitter 13 is used for measuring the pressure of the environment in the combustion chamber 22; the single chip microcomputer receives a feedback signal of the pressure transmitter 13 through an A/D (analog/digital) converter; and the singlechip controls a fifth electromagnetic relay connected with the pressure release valve to realize the on-off of the power supply, so that the pressure in the combustion chamber 22 is kept constant. The high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor 12 is a Kistler non-water-cooling 6045 type high-frequency response cylinder pressure sensor, the head of the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor 12 is flush with the inner cavity wall surface of the combustion chamber 22 and is sequentially connected with a signal output line, a charge amplifier, a collection card and a computer, the signal output line is connected with the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor 12, and the computer is combined with PFV Viewer software to record and process data.
Heating plates with thermocouples are disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the combustion bodies 5, respectively, for uniform heating, and the heating plates are preferably 1000W ceramic heating plates. The heating system comprises external heating and internal heating, the external heating adopts a compressed air heater to input heating gas through an air inlet channel 20 of a combustion projectile body, and the temperature can be heated to 400 ℃; the internal heating heats gas in the combustion chamber 22 through heating plates with thermocouples arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the constant volume combustion device, a temperature transmitter hole 14 is formed in the combustion bomb body 5, the temperature transmitter hole 14 is perpendicular to the wall surface of the combustion chamber 22, a temperature transmitter 6 is installed in the temperature transmitter hole 14, the temperature transmitter 6 is used for measuring the temperature of the environment in the combustion chamber 22, and the single chip microcomputer receives feedback temperature values of the thermocouples and the temperature transmitter 6 through an A/D (analog to digital) converter; the thermocouple and the temperature transmitter in the heating plate feed back temperature values to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer and a third electromagnetic relay connected with the heating plate realize the on-off of a power supply, so that the temperature in the cylindrical combustion chamber 22 of the constant volume combustion device is kept constant.
The ignition system is a self-made ignition system and comprises a pulse generation control circuit and an ignition coil which are sequentially connected with a 12v power supply, the ignition coil is connected with spark plugs 3 which are respectively positioned on the constant volume combustion device, and the single chip microcomputer controls the spark plugs 3 to ignite through the ignition coil.
The high-speed shooting system comprises a high-speed camera, a front window 9 and a rear window 2 which are arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the combustion bomb body 5 and are symmetrically installed and made of quartz glass, and the singlechip controls a fourth electromagnetic relay connected with the high-speed camera to open or close the high-speed camera; the high-speed camera directly shoots turbulent flame propagation and tail end gas spontaneous combustion through the rear window 1; the front window 9 and the rear window 2 form a communicated light path, and are combined with a schlieren instrument for observing the phenomena of flame acceleration, turbulent flame-shock wave interaction and tail end gas spontaneous combustion in the combustion chamber 22. The high-speed camera is a high-speed camera with the frame/second of more than 900K, and turbulent flame propagation and tail end gas spontaneous combustion phenomena are directly shot through the rear window 1; the communicating light path formed by the front window 9 and the rear window 1 is combined with an optical measuring instrument to shoot the propagation of pressure waves and the interaction of turbulent flame-shock waves in the cylindrical combustion chamber 22 of the constant volume combustion device.
As shown in fig. 6, in the experiment process, the temperature and pressure signals of the combustion bomb measured by the sensor are converted into digital signals through the a/D analog-to-digital conversion system and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer processes and analyzes the signals. When the temperature and the pressure in the bomb body reach the experiment set values, the single chip microcomputer sends signals, the instructions are transmitted to the driver, the driver controls the actuator, ignition and oil injection of the constant volume combustion bomb are achieved, and the high-speed camera is synchronously triggered to work while ignition is conducted, so that image collection is achieved. The temperature and pressure in the burning bomb body are both controlled by the closed loop of the single chip microcomputer, a set value of the single chip microcomputer is input through a keyboard, if the set value is not reached, the circuit is closed, and if the set value is reached, the circuit is disconnected.
In summary, the visual constant volume combustion bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave effect of the invention realizes turbulence flames with different strengths and generates visible shock waves by additionally arranging four fans opposite in direction on the side surface of the combustion chamber. The interaction of the shock wave with the flame and its effect on the in-cylinder pressure fluctuations were studied. Theoretically, the concept is provided for the turbulent combustion phenomenon in the closed space and the detonation problem of the small-sized intensified gasoline engine. In addition, the invention realizes the full transparent visualization of the whole combustion chamber, and can completely see the inside of the whole bomb from the front and back of the bomb, thereby clearly and intuitively shooting the whole flame development process. In the experimental process, the instruction of the single chip microcomputer is input through a keyboard, and the single chip microcomputer controls the first electromagnetic relay through the driver to realize the opening and closing of the exhaust valve on the exhaust port 17. The set value of the single chip microcomputer is input through a keyboard, the single chip microcomputer controls a second electromagnetic relay through a driver to realize the opening and closing of an air inlet valve on the air inlet channel 20, and when the pressure in the fixed-volume combustion device does not reach the set value, the air inlet valve opens to inlet air; when the pressure in the fixed volume combustion apparatus reaches a set value, the intake valve is closed. A set value of the single chip microcomputer is input through a keyboard, the single chip microcomputer controls a third electromagnetic relay through a driver to realize the on-off of the heating plate circuit, when the temperature in the constant volume combustion device does not reach the set value, the heating plate circuit is closed, and the heating plate works; when the temperature in the constant volume combustion device reaches a set value, the circuit of the heating plate is disconnected, and the heating plate stops working, so that the temperature in the constant volume combustion device is always kept near the set value.
The method comprises the following steps: an orifice plate in front of the fan is selected.
Step two: the device is characterized in that all devices of the constant volume combustion bomb system are connected, the inside of the constant volume combustion bomb system is checked, cleanness is guaranteed, a quartz glass window is wiped cleanly, and the fuel supply system, the heating system, the ignition system, the high-speed photographing system, the air intake and exhaust system, the data acquisition system and the single chip microcomputer control system are ready.
Step three: and opening a fan switch, setting the required rotating speed of the fan, and fixing the rotating speed to be kept unchanged.
Step four: the singlechip is triggered manually to control the air inlet valve on the air inlet channel 20 to be opened, and air is filled into the combustion bomb body 5. After the air is filled, the pressure transmitter 13 measures the pressure signal in the combustion bomb 5, the pressure signal is converted into a digital signal through an A/D (analog/digital) converter and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer analyzes and calculates, the digital signal is compared with a set value, when the pressure value reaches the set value, the single chip microcomputer sends a signal through a driver, and the electromagnetic valve on the air inlet channel 20 is closed through a second electromagnetic relay. The air passage is closed. The singlechip is triggered manually to control the upper intake valve of the intake channel 20 to open, and fuel gas is filled into the combustion bomb 5 to the target pressure.
Step five: the heating plate is connected to heat the compressed air inside the combustion projectile body 5. The thermocouple and the temperature transmitter measure the temperature signal in the combustion bomb body 5, the temperature signal is converted into a digital signal through the A/D analog-to-digital converter and transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer analyzes and calculates the digital signal and compares the digital signal with a set value, when the temperature value reaches the set value, the single chip microcomputer sends a signal through the driver, the third electromagnetic relay is controlled to disconnect the heating circuit, and the compressed air in the combustion bomb body 5 is stopped being heated.
Step six: after the gas in the combustion bomb body 5 reaches the set pressure and temperature, the single chip microcomputer is triggered manually to send out a signal, the signal is transmitted to an ignition coil through a driver, and the ignition of the spark plug 3 is controlled. Meanwhile, the singlechip triggers a signal, and the signal is transmitted to a fourth electromagnetic relay through a driver, so that the high-speed camera works to shoot a flame propagation image, and a data acquisition system records the pressure and the temperature in the combustion bomb body 5.
Step seven: observe the burning through the front view window and accomplish the back, manual trigger singlechip signals, open the discharge valve on the gas vent 17 by first electromagnetic relay, high temperature waste gas is discharged through cooling device and vacuum pump, accomplishes the exhaust process.
Step eight: and after a group of experiments are finished, replacing the front pore plate of the fan or changing the rotating speed of the fan, and repeating the steps to continue the experiments.
Step nine: and analyzing experimental data to obtain the interaction of turbulent flame-shock wave with different intensities and the influence of the interaction on spontaneous combustion and detonation of tail gas, and completing the experiment.
It is emphasized that prior to experimentation, certain knowledge or modeling calculations were made regarding the properties of the fuel used, such as the lag phase and the ignition point, and the temperature and pressure within the combustion apparatus were strictly controlled; the air charging quantity is also accurately controlled, so that the phenomenon that pressure fluctuation is too severe and a combustion device is damaged is prevented.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A visual constant-volume combustion bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave effect comprises a constant-volume combustion device, a fuel supply system, a heating system, an ignition system, a high-speed photography system, an air intake and exhaust system, an in-cylinder pressure acquisition system and a synchronous controller;
the constant volume combustion device comprises a combustion elastomer (5), fans and a driving motor (30) of the fans, a combustion chamber (22) is arranged in the middle of the combustion elastomer (5), the combustion elastomer (5) is provided with four circumferential uniformly distributed and radially arranged, and fan mounting holes (16) communicated with the combustion chamber (22), each fan mounting hole (16) is internally provided with a fan (24), the four fans (24) are oppositely arranged, the air outlet direction of each fan mounting hole (16) inside the fan (24) and a replaceable ventilation pore plate (23) are arranged between the combustion chambers (22), the fans (24) are connected with the driving motor (30) through a magnetic coupler, the magnetic coupler comprises an outer rotor (27), an inner rotor (31), an isolation cover seat (25) fixed with the combustion elastomer (5) and an isolation cover (28) fixed with the inner rotor, the fan (24) is connected with the inner rotor (31), a motor shaft (29) of the driving motor (30) is connected with the outer rotor (27), and the isolation cover (28) is fixed with the isolation cover seat (25), so that complete isolation between the inside and the outside of the combustion bomb body (5) is realized;
the synchronous controller comprises a driver and an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter which are connected with the single chip microcomputer; the single chip microcomputer controls five electromagnetic relays through a driver, and the five electromagnetic relays are respectively marked as a first electromagnetic relay, a second electromagnetic relay, a third electromagnetic relay, a fourth electromagnetic relay and a fifth electromagnetic relay;
the air intake and exhaust system comprises a high-pressure fuel gas cylinder, a high-pressure gas cylinder, a vacuum pump, a cooling device, an exhaust port (17) and an air intake channel (20) which are arranged on the combustion bomb body (5), and the exhaust port (10) and the air intake channel (20) are positioned on the same straight line; the exhaust port (17) is provided with an exhaust valve connected with a first electromagnetic relay, the air inlet channel (20) is provided with an air inlet valve connected with a second electromagnetic relay, and the singlechip controls the opening and closing states of the air inlet valve and the exhaust valve; the high-pressure fuel gas cylinder and the high-pressure gas cylinder provide fuel gas and compressed air for the constant-volume combustion device through the gas inlet channel (20); the cooling device cools the combustion waste gas discharged from the exhaust port (17) of the constant-volume combustion device, and then the combustion waste gas is discharged by the vacuum pump;
the in-cylinder pressure acquisition system comprises a high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor (12) and a pressure transmitter (13), wherein the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor (12) and the pressure transmitter (13) are arranged on the combustion bomb body (5), are arranged around the combustion chamber (22) and are perpendicular to the wall surface of the combustion chamber (22), the high-frequency cylinder pressure sensor (12) is used for measuring pressure fluctuation in the combustion chamber (22) in the interaction process of flame and shock waves, and the pressure transmitter (13) is used for measuring the pressure of the environment in the combustion chamber (22); the single chip microcomputer receives a feedback signal of the pressure transmitter (13) through an A/D (analog/digital) converter; the singlechip controls a fifth electromagnetic relay connected with the pressure release valve to realize the on-off of a power supply, so that the pressure in the combustion chamber (22) is kept constant;
the heating system comprises external heating and internal heating, the external heating adopts a compressed air heater to input heating gas through an air inlet channel (20) of a combustion projectile body, and the temperature can be heated to 400 ℃; the internal heating heats gas in the combustion chamber (22) through heating plates with thermocouples arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the constant volume combustion device, a temperature transmitter (6) is arranged on the combustion bomb body (5), the temperature transmitter (6) is perpendicular to the wall surface of the combustion chamber (22), the temperature transmitter (6) is used for measuring the temperature of the environment in the combustion chamber (22), and the single chip microcomputer receives feedback temperature values of the thermocouples and the temperature transmitter (6) through an A/D (analog to digital) converter; the single chip microcomputer controls a third electromagnetic relay connected with the heating plate to realize the on-off of a power supply, so that the temperature in the combustion chamber (22) is kept constant;
the ignition system is a self-made ignition system and comprises a pulse generation control circuit and an ignition coil which are sequentially connected with a 12v power supply, the ignition coil is connected with spark plugs (3) which are respectively positioned on the constant volume combustion device, and the single chip microcomputer controls the spark plugs (3) to ignite through the ignition coil.
2. The visual constant volume burner bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave effect according to claim 1, characterized in that in the constant volume burner bomb device, the replaceable ventilation orifice plate (23) arranged between the air outlet direction of the fan (24) and the combustion chamber (22) comprises a plurality of sets of ventilation orifice plates with different apertures and aperture numbers, and the interaction between turbulent flames with different intensities and shock waves and the influence on the spontaneous combustion of tail gas are researched by replacing the ventilation orifice plates to generate turbulent flames with different intensities.
3. The visual constant-volume burner bomb device with controllable turbulence-flame shock wave action according to claim 2, characterised in that the ventilation orifice plate (23) is forged and cut from round steel 45 # with a thickness of 4 mm.
4. The visual constant volume bomb device for controlled turbulence-flame shock wave action according to claim 1, characterized in that the high frequency cylinder pressure sensor (12) is a Kistler non-water cooling 6045 type high frequency response cylinder pressure sensor, the head of the high frequency cylinder pressure sensor (12) is flush with the inner cavity wall of the combustion chamber (22), and is connected with a signal output line, a charge amplifier, a collection card and a computer in sequence, and is combined with PFV Viewer software in the computer to record and process data.
5. The visual constant-volume bomb device under the action of the controllable turbulence-flame shock wave as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-speed photographic system comprises a high-speed camera, a front window (9) and a rear window (2) which are arranged on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the burning bomb body (5) and symmetrically installed and made of quartz glass, and the singlechip controls a fourth electromagnetic relay connected with the high-speed camera to open or close the high-speed camera; the high-speed camera directly shoots turbulent flame propagation and tail end gas spontaneous combustion through the rear window (1); the front window (9) and the rear window (2) form a communicated light path, and are combined with a schlieren instrument to observe the phenomena of flame acceleration, turbulent flame-shock wave interaction and tail end gas spontaneous combustion in the combustion chamber (22).
6. The visual constant volume burner bomb device of controlled turbulence-flame shock wave action according to claim 5, characterised in that the high speed camera is a high speed camera above 900K frames/sec.
7. A visualization method for realizing the controllable turbulent combustion-flame shock wave action, which is characterized by utilizing the visualization constant volume combustion bomb device as in any one of claims 1-6, and comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting a ventilation pore plate in front of the fan;
step two: connecting all devices of the constant-volume combustion bomb system, checking the inside of the constant-volume combustion device to ensure cleanness, wiping a front window and a rear window completely, and ensuring the readiness of a fuel supply system, a heating system, an ignition system, a high-speed photography system, an air intake and exhaust system, a data acquisition system and a singlechip control system;
step three: turning on a fan switch, setting the rotating speed required by the fan, and fixing the rotating speed to keep unchanged;
step four: manually triggering a singlechip, controlling an air inlet valve on an air inlet channel (20) to open, filling air into a combustion bomb body (5), after the air is filled, measuring a pressure signal in the combustion bomb body (5) by a pressure transmitter (13), converting the pressure signal into a digital signal by an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter, transmitting the digital signal to the singlechip, analyzing and calculating by the singlechip, comparing the digital signal with a set value, sending a signal by the singlechip through a driver when the pressure value reaches the set value, closing an electromagnetic valve on the air inlet channel (20) by a second electromagnetic relay, and closing an air passage; manually triggering the singlechip to control an upper air inlet valve of the air inlet channel (20) to be opened, and filling fuel gas into the combustion bomb body (5) to a target pressure;
step five: the heating plate is switched on to heat compressed air in the combustion bomb body (5), a thermocouple and a temperature transmitter measure a temperature signal in the combustion bomb body (5), the temperature signal is converted into a digital signal through an A/D (analog/digital) converter and transmitted to a single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer analyzes and calculates the digital signal and compares the digital signal with a set value, when the temperature value reaches the set value, the single chip microcomputer sends a signal through a driver to control a third electromagnetic relay to switch off a heating circuit, and the compressed air in the combustion bomb body (5) is stopped being heated;
step six: after the gas in the combustion bomb body (5) reaches the set pressure and temperature, manually triggering the single chip microcomputer to send a signal, transmitting the signal to an ignition coil through a driver, and controlling the ignition of a spark plug (3); meanwhile, a single chip microcomputer trigger signal is transmitted to a fourth electromagnetic relay through a driver, so that the high-speed camera works, a flame propagation image is shot, and a data acquisition system records the pressure and the temperature in the combustion bomb body (5);
step seven: after the combustion is observed through the front window, the single chip microcomputer is manually triggered to send a signal, the exhaust valve on the exhaust port (17) is opened through the first electromagnetic relay, and high-temperature waste gas is exhausted through the cooling device and the vacuum pump to complete the exhaust process;
step eight: after one group of experiments are finished, replacing a ventilation pore plate in front of the fan or changing the rotating speed of the fan, returning to the step three, and continuing the next group of experiments until the set multiple groups of experiments are finished;
step nine: and analyzing the experimental data to obtain the interaction of turbulent flame-shock wave with different intensities and the influence of the interaction on spontaneous combustion and detonation of the tail gas.
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