CN110793487B - Method for detecting negative clearance of hub bearing - Google Patents
Method for detecting negative clearance of hub bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110793487B CN110793487B CN201911269330.XA CN201911269330A CN110793487B CN 110793487 B CN110793487 B CN 110793487B CN 201911269330 A CN201911269330 A CN 201911269330A CN 110793487 B CN110793487 B CN 110793487B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/16—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting a negative clearance of a hub bearing, which specifically comprises the following steps: manufacturing a zero-clearance hub bearing; drive hubThe bearing inner flange rotates, and meanwhile, the lower loading device loads the inner flange to F 'along the axial direction'1Recording the displacement sensor value L'1Then unloaded to F'2Recording the displacement sensor value L'2(ii) a Calculating the rigid deformation of the zero-clearance hub bearing under a set load; replacing the normal product to be detected, repeating S1 and S2, and detecting the rigid deformation of the normal product to be detected; and calculating the rigid deformation delta L of the rolling body, selecting a corresponding coefficient Y according to the value of the delta L, and calculating the actual negative clearance of the product. The method for detecting the negative clearance of the hub bearing provided by the invention has the advantages that the influence of deformation except for the rolling body on the detection result in the detection process is eliminated, the operation is simple and convenient, the detection efficiency is high, the detection result can be reproduced, the accuracy is high, and the reliability is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile hub bearing units, in particular to a method for detecting a negative clearance of a hub bearing.
Background
At present, a displacement method is mostly adopted for detecting and controlling a negative clearance for a hub bearing before riveting, and the method is characterized in that a preset positive clearance value is detected by applying a positive clearance detection principle, then the displacement of press mounting of an inner ring is monitored, and the clearance value of a product is judged by calculating the difference value of the preset clearance value and the displacement. The method can realize clearance detection and control of the hub bearing before riveting, but the riveting process can influence the bearing clearance, and the method cannot realize detection of the negative clearance of the hub bearing after riveting. The method is essentially the optimization improvement of a 'displacement method', the product clearance is processed to be zero clearance before riveting, the riveting equipment is feedback controlled and the negative clearance value of the product is output by monitoring the height variation of an inner ring caused by the riveting process, and the negative clearance control and detection of the riveting structure product are realized. [ SHANCHOIA, LIWEI, LONGYONGCHUN, SHENCUI ] A method for on-line direct measurement of negative play during riveting and assembling of hub bearing units [ P ]. Guangdong province: CN106871846B,2019-04-23, however, this method does not have the repeated detection function of the same product, and cannot achieve the reproducibility of detection. The negative play has important significance for the service life of the automobile hub bearing unit. At present, the detection of the negative clearance of the hub bearing after riveting is mostly qualitatively evaluated by adopting an indirect measurement mode, and a quantitative detection method capable of repeatedly reproducing measurement is not available, so that the accurate control and optimization of the quality of the hub bearing are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the negative clearance of a hub bearing, which solves the technical problems that the detection of the negative clearance of the hub bearing of the existing automobile can not be repeatedly reproduced and can not be quantitatively detected.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting the negative clearance of a hub bearing specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: placing the hub bearing with zero initial clearance on a lower loading device, lifting an inner flange of the hub bearing upwards by the lower loading device, enabling the upper end face of an outer flange of the hub bearing to be in contact with an upper limiting tool, enabling a displacement sensor to be in contact with the large end face of an inner ring of the hub bearing, and axially fixing the outer flange of the hub bearing through an outer flange fixing tool;
s2: the inner flange of the hub bearing is driven to rotate, and meanwhile, the inner flange is loaded to F 'by the lower loading device along the axial direction'1Recording the displacement sensor value L'1Then unloaded to F'2Recording the displacement sensor value L'2；
S3: the rigid deformation of the zero-clearance hub bearing under the set load is as follows: l is0-(A’b01-A’b02)＝L’1-L’2，A’b01And A'b02Are each a loading of F'1And F'2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements;
s4: taking down the zero-play hub bearing, replacing the normal product to be detected, repeating S1 and S2, and detecting the rigid deformation of the normal product to be detected as follows: l- (A)b01-Ab02)＝L1-L2，L1、L2Is normally detected under the loading force F1A loading force F2Downward displacement; a. theb01And Ab02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements;
s5: calculating the rigid deformation quantity Delta L of the rolling body0Selecting corresponding coefficient Y according to the value of Delta L, and calculating the actual negative play of the product, namely Ga-Delta L Y, the coefficient Y is obtained by the loading force F1A loading force F2And the elastic modulus E of the bearing, the number n of the steel balls, the curvature rho of the bearing and the contact angle alpha.
Further, the calculation process of the product play in step S5 is as follows:
loading F to normal products to be detected1And F2During the process, the following relation between the bearing negative clearance and the shaft end displacement can be obtained by the Hertz contact theory:
f1(δ,Ac01-Ab01)＝γF1formula one
f2(δ,Ac02-Ab02)＝γF2Formula two
In the formula, delta is a theoretical negative clearance value of the hub bearing; a. thec01And Ac02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2Measuring the displacement variation of the end face of the inner ring of the hub bearing, namely the total deformation of the hub bearing; a. theb01And Ab02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements; gamma is a parameter related to the comprehensive characteristics of the hub bearing structure, materials and the like, and is a constant; f. of1And f2Respectively, the loading force is at F1And F2A hub bearing axial deformation function;
establishing a deformation A according to a formula I and a formula IIc01-Ab01And the negative play δ as follows:
(Ac01-Ab01)＝f01(E,n,ρ,α,F1delta) delta formula three
(Ac02-Ab02)＝f02(E,n,ρ,α,F2,δ)δ Formula four
Wherein f is01And f02Respectively, the loading force is at F1And F2A load factor function of the hub bearing; subtracting the formula three and the formula four to obtain:
L-(Ab01-Ab02)＝f0(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2delta) delta formula five
Where L is Ac01-Ac02The rigid deformation of the inner ring of the finished bearing under different loading conditions; f. of0＝f01-f02；
When the clearance delta is equal to 0, obtaining a zero-clearance hub bearing deformation formula
L0-(Ab01-Ab02)＝f0(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2) Formula six
Subtracting the formula five from the formula six to obtain L-L0＝f(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2Delta) delta formula seven
The scaling coefficient function F is calculated according to formula seven, and the coefficient Y in step S5 is 1/F (E, n, ρ, α, F)1,F2δ), the correspondence between the rolling element stiff deformation Δ L and the actual negative clearance Ga of the hub bearing: ga ═ Δ L × Y.
Furthermore, in S2, the inner flange is driven to rotate at a rotation speed of 100-200 rpm.
Further, in S2, the lower loading device linearly loads the inner flange to F 'along the axial direction'1。
Further, the proportionality coefficient function f in the formula seven is obtained by iterative operation.
Further, the displacement sensor in S1 detects the displacement change of the large end face of the inner ring of the hub bearing through the measuring cushion block.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for detecting the negative clearance of the hub bearing is simultaneously suitable for quantitatively detecting the negative clearance of the riveting and non-riveting hub bearing units, eliminates the influence of deformation except for the rolling body on the detection result in the detection process, is simple and convenient to operate, high in detection efficiency, reproducible in detection result, high in accuracy and good in reliability, meets the requirement of product quality control, and is beneficial to precise control and consistency guarantee of the product quality of a production line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a zero-play hub bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a normal product to be inspected according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of detecting a normal product to be detected according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. the steel ball retainer comprises an inner ring, 2, an outer flange, 3, a first steel ball retainer assembly, 4, a second steel ball retainer assembly and 5, an inner flange; 6. a displacement sensor; 7. measuring a cushion block; 8. and (5) fixing the outer flange.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention in particular and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The present disclosure may be modified from materials, methods, and reaction conditions at the same time, and all such modifications are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, in the method for detecting the negative clearance of the hub bearing, the hub bearing includes an inner flange 5, an inner ring 1 and an outer flange 2 sleeved outside the inner flange 5, and a first steel ball retainer assembly 3 and a second steel ball retainer assembly 4 are placed between the outer flange 2, the inner ring 1 and the inner flange 5; the specific detection steps comprise:
s1: the hub bearing with zero initial clearance is placed on a lower loading device, the lower loading device lifts an inner flange 5 of the hub bearing upwards to enable the upper end face of an outer flange of the hub bearing to be in contact with an upper limiting tool, a displacement sensor 6 is in contact with the large end face of an inner ring 1 of the hub bearing through a measuring cushion block 7, and an outer flange 2 of the hub bearing is axially fixed through an outer flange fixing tool 8;
s2: the inner flange 5 is driven to rotate at the rotating speed of 100-200 rpm, and the lower loading device linearly loads the inner flange 5 to F along the axial direction’1Record the 6 value L 'of the displacement sensor'1Then unloaded to F'2Record the 6 value L 'of the displacement sensor'2；
S3: the rigid deformation of the zero-clearance hub bearing under the set load is as follows: l is0-A’b01-A’b02＝L’1-L’2，A’b01And A'b02Are each a loading of F'1And F'2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements;
s4: taking down the zero-play hub bearing, replacing the normal product to be detected, repeating S1 and S2, and detecting the rigid deformation of the normal product to be detected as follows: L-Ab01-Ab02＝L1-L2，L1、L2Is normally detected under the loading force F1A loading force F2Downward displacement; a. theb01And Ab02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements;
s5: calculating the rigid deformation quantity Delta L of the rolling body0Selecting corresponding coefficient Y according to the value of Delta L, and calculating the actual negative play of the product, namely Ga-Delta L Y, the coefficient Y is obtained by the loading force F1A loading force F2And the elastic modulus E of the bearing, the number n of the steel balls, the curvature rho of the bearing and the contact angle alpha.
In the present embodiment, the calculation process of the product play in step S5 is as follows:
loading F to normal products to be detected1And F2During the process, the following relation between the bearing negative clearance and the shaft end displacement can be obtained by the Hertz contact theory:
f1(δ,Ac01-Ab01)＝γF1formula one
f2(δ,Ac02-Ab02)＝γF2Formula two
In the formula, delta is a theoretical negative clearance value of the hub bearing; a. thec01And Ac02Are respectively loadedF1And F2Measuring the displacement variation of the end face of the hub bearing, namely the total deformation of the hub bearing; a. theb01And Ab02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements; gamma is a parameter related to the comprehensive characteristics of the hub bearing structure, materials and the like, and is a constant; f. of1And f2Respectively, the loading force is at F1And F2A hub bearing axial deformation function;
establishing a deformation A according to a formula I and a formula IIc01-Ab01And the negative play δ as follows:
(Ac01-Ab01)＝f01(E,n,ρ,α,F1delta) delta formula three
(Ac02-Ab02)＝f02(E,n,ρ,α,F2Delta) delta formula four
Wherein f is01And f02Respectively, the loading force is at F1And F2A load factor function of the hub bearing; subtracting the formula three and the formula four to obtain:
L-(Ab01-Ab02)＝f0(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2delta) delta formula five
Where L is Ac01-Ac02The rigid deformation of the inner ring 1 of the finished bearing under different loading conditions; f. of0＝f01-f02；
When the clearance delta is equal to 0, obtaining a zero-clearance hub bearing deformation formula:
L0-(Ab01-Ab02)＝f0(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2) Formula six
Subtracting the formula five from the formula six to obtain L-L0＝f(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2Delta) delta formula seven
The scaling coefficient function F is calculated according to formula seven, and the coefficient Y in step S5 is 1/F (E, n, ρ, α, F)1,F2δ), the correspondence between the rolling element stiff deformation Δ L and the actual negative clearance Ga of the hub bearing: ga ═ Δ L × Y.
E.g. products G3-553, in F1＝20KN，F2Under the condition of 2KN, when the theoretical clearance of the product is-23 mu m, the rigid deformation quantity delta L of the rolling element is 7.661 mu m, and the corresponding proportionality coefficient is f is 0.3331; when the theoretical play of the product is-30 μm, the rigid deformation quantity delta L of the rolling element is 9.23 μm, and the corresponding proportionality coefficient is f is 0.307.
In conclusion, the method for detecting the negative clearance of the hub bearing is suitable for quantitative detection of the negative clearance of the riveting and non-riveting hub bearing units, eliminates the influence of deformation except the rolling body on the detection result in the detection process, is simple and convenient to operate, high in detection efficiency, reproducible in detection result, high in accuracy and good in reliability, meets the requirement of product quality control, and is beneficial to precise control and consistency guarantee of the product quality of a production line.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting the negative clearance of a hub bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the hub bearing with zero initial clearance is placed on a lower loading device, the lower loading device lifts an inner flange (5) of the hub bearing upwards to enable the upper end face of an outer flange of the hub bearing to be in contact with an upper limiting tool, a displacement sensor (6) is in contact with the large end face of an inner ring (1) of the hub bearing, and the outer flange (2) of the hub bearing is axially fixed through an outer flange fixing tool (8);
s2: the inner flange (5) is driven to rotate, and meanwhile, the lower loading device loads the inner flange (5) to F 'along the axial direction'1And recording a value L 'of the displacement sensor (6)'1Then unloaded to F'2And recording a value L 'of the displacement sensor (6)'2；
S3: the rigid deformation of the zero-clearance hub bearing under the set load is as follows: l is0-(A’b01-A’b02)＝L’1-L’2，A’b01And A'b02Are each a loading of F'1And F'2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements;
s4: taking down the zero-clearance hub bearing, replacing the normal product to be detected, repeating S1 and S2, and loading F to the normal product to be detected1、F2Recording the displacement L1、L2And at the moment, the rigid deformation of the product to be normally detected is as follows: l- (A)b01-Ab02)＝L1-L2，L1、L2Is normally detected under the loading force F1A loading force F2Downward displacement; a. theb01And Ab02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements;
s5: calculating the rigid deformation quantity Delta L of the rolling body0Selecting corresponding coefficient Y according to the value of Delta L, and calculating the actual negative play of the product, namely Ga-Delta L Y, the coefficient Y is obtained by the loading force F1A loading force F2And the elastic modulus E of the bearing, the number n of the steel balls, the curvature rho of the bearing and the contact angle alpha.
2. The method for detecting the negative backlash of the hub bearing according to claim 1, wherein the calculation process of the backlash of the product in step S5 is as follows:
loading F to normal products to be detected1And F2During the process, the following relation between the bearing negative clearance and the shaft end displacement can be obtained by the Hertz contact theory:
f1(δ,Ac01-Ab01)＝γF1formula one
f2(δ,Ac02-Ab02)＝γF2Formula two
Wherein δ is a theoretical negative clearance value of the hub bearing；Ac01And Ac02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2Measuring the displacement variation of the end face of the inner ring of the hub bearing, namely the total deformation of the hub bearing; a. theb01And Ab02Are respectively loaded with F1And F2The amount of deformation of the hub bearing other than the deformation of the rolling elements; gamma is a parameter related to the comprehensive characteristics of the hub bearing structure and the material, and is a constant; f. of1And f2Respectively, the loading force is at F1And F2A hub bearing axial deformation function;
establishing a deformation A according to a formula I and a formula IIc01-Ab01And the negative play δ as follows:
(Ac01-Ab01)＝f01(E,n,ρ,α,F1delta) delta formula three
(Ac02-Ab02)＝f02(E,n,ρ,α,F2Delta) delta formula four
Wherein f is01And f02Respectively, the loading force is at F1And F2A load factor function of the hub bearing; subtracting the formula three and the formula four to obtain:
L-(Ab01-Ab02)＝f0(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2delta) delta formula five
Where L is Ac01-Ac02The rigid deformation of the inner ring (1) of the finished bearing under different loading conditions; f. of0＝f01-f02；
When the clearance delta is equal to 0, obtaining a zero-clearance hub bearing deformation formula:
L0-(Ab01-Ab02)＝f0(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2) Formula six
Subtracting the formula five from the formula six to obtain L-L0＝f(E,n,ρ,α,F1,F2Delta) delta formula seven
Calculating the scaling factor function f according to the formula seven, in step S5Coefficient of (d) 1/F (E, n, ρ, α, F)1,F2δ), the correspondence between the rolling element stiff deformation Δ L and the actual negative clearance Ga of the hub bearing: ga ═ Δ L × Y.
3. The method for detecting the negative backlash of the hub bearing according to claim 1, wherein the inner flange (5) is driven to rotate at a speed of 100-200 rpm in S2.
4. The hub bearing negative backlash detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the lower loading device is linearly loaded to F 'to the inner flange (5) in the axial direction in S2'1。
5. The method for detecting the negative backlash of the hub bearing according to claim 2, wherein the scaling factor function f in the formula seven is obtained by an iterative operation.
6. A hub bearing negative backlash detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor (6) detects the change in displacement of the large end face of the inner ring (1) of the hub bearing through the measuring pad (7) in S1.
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| CN111829477B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-11-25 | 湖北文理学院 | Method and device for calculating negative clearance of hub bearing, storage medium and equipment |
| CN114562947B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-10-20 | 人本股份有限公司 | Maintenance-free hub bearing negative clearance detection equipment |
| CN114910036B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-11-03 | 山东浩信股份有限公司 | Method for detecting negative clearance of hub unit bearing |
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| JP4408251B2 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2010-02-03 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Bearing clearance measurement method for wheel bearing device |
| JP2018021613A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | 日本精工株式会社 | Clearance measurement method of hub unit bearing |
| CN106871846B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-04-23 | 韶关学院 | A kind of online direct measuring method of hub-bearing unit riveted negative clearance when assembling |
| CN108627133B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-01-21 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Radial clearance measurement method of outer ring raceway three-lobe waveform roller bearing |
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